根结线虫拮抗放线菌的筛选及菌株HA10002和DA09202活性物质的研究
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摘要
根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)是线虫中一类分布广、危害大、难以防治的植物寄生线虫,由根结线虫为害植物根系引起的根结线虫病是一种世界性分布的土传病害,给许多国家的农林、园艺等产业造成巨大损失。根结线虫的防治方法目前仍以化学防治为主,但化学药剂广泛使用所带来的环境污染等一系列负面效应正日趋凸显,生物防治线虫病害己受到广泛重视。在线虫生防因子中,放线菌是一类重要的的微生物资源,一些放线菌的代谢产物对根结线虫具有抑制或毒杀作用,把这类微生物的代谢物或其衍生物开发成生物农药能避免活体微生物在复杂土壤环境中的生繁问题,是今后研究的一个重点方向。
本文从放线菌的分离、根结线虫拮抗菌株的筛选、菌株的鉴定、发酵条件的优化、活性物质的分离纯化及结构鉴定等几个方面进行了系统研究,结果如下：
先后从海南东寨港红树林、五指山原始森林、儋州热带植物园、陵水蔬菜地、琼海及定安发病胡椒园采集海泥和土壤样品共60份,采用平板稀释法分离获得356株菌落形态有差异的放线菌。以南方根结线虫二龄幼虫为靶标线虫,采用液体筛选模型,初筛获得16株具有抗线虫活性的菌株,经复筛得到3株活性强且遗传稳定的菌株。通过对菌株形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征、16SrDNA序列测定及其系统发育分析,鉴定菌株]HA10002为海洋白浅灰链霉菌(Streptomyces albogriseolus); DA09202为金色链霉菌(Streptomyces aureus);菌株DA09205可能为链霉菌属中的一个新成员(Streptomyces sp.)。菌株HA10002、DA09202和DA09205的16S rDNA在GenBank的登录号分别为HQ171094、GU565183和HM228413。
研究明确了菌株HA10002和DA09202的最佳发酵工艺和培养基组成。实验考察了碳源、氮源、无机盐、pH值及接种量等对菌株HA10002和DA09202产生抗虫活性物质的影响,并通过正交实验对培养基碳氮源进行了优化。确定菌株HA10002液体发酵培养基组成及培养条件为：葡萄糖0.5%,可溶性淀粉1.5%,酵母粉1.5%,蛋白胨2.0%,K2HPO40.05%,50%陈海水；初始pH值7.2-7.4,培养温度28℃,种龄48h,接种量8%,培养时间144h,摇床转速180r/min,装液量为75mL/250mL三角瓶。确定菌株DA09202液体发酵培养基组成及培养条件为：黄豆粉1%,可溶性淀粉0.5%,葡萄糖1%,酵母粉1.5%,K2HPO40.05%;初始pH7.0,培养温度28℃,种龄48h,接种量10%,摇床转速200r/min,250mL三角瓶装液量100mL,培养时间144h。经过优化,菌株HA10002和DA09202发酵液稀释10倍后,24h对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫的校正击倒率分别从优化前的72.5%、73.6%提高到91.6%和93.5%。
菌株HA10002发酵液经乙酸乙酯萃取获得浸膏,通过硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH20柱层析及制备薄层层析等分离技术得到活性组份22-1(S1)和26-3(S2),运用核磁共振('H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMBC、HSQC、ROESY)、质谱(ESIMS)、紫外光谱(UV)等现代波谱技术,鉴定出活性化合物S1的结构为6’-甲基制霉色基素,活性物质S2为Nocardamine(诺卡胺素)。采用相同的萃取、分离和鉴定方法,从DA09202的发酵液中分离获得活性物质A46-2(S3),鉴定其结构为3-[1-(6,8-二羟-1,5,6-三甲基辛基)-7-羟基-1,6,6,8a-四甲基-8-(吡喃戊糖氧基)-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢萘烯-2-基]-丙酸。经Scifinder检索,其中的S1和S3属于新化合物。
Meloidogyne spp. are one of the world-wide spread plant-parasitizing nematodes. The disease caused by root-knot nematodes transmits via soil, so it is very difficult to control, usually resulting in big damage to agriculture and horticulture. The measures taken to protect against root-knot nematodes are now dependent mainly on chemical drugs, and meanwhile the resultant negative effect caused by chemicals is becoming more and more evident, so biocontrolling nematodes is also growing urgent and significant. Of the biocontrolling agents, actinomycetes are one of the most important microbial resources, some of them produce metabolic products which can inhibit or even kill nematodes, and developing such metabolic products is a promising field in biocontrolling Meloidogyne spp.
In this work, studies were carried out as following:isolation of actinomycetes from mangrove and soil samples, screening and identification of antagonistic strains against root-knot nematodes, optimizing fermentation conditions and media, separation and purification of active compounds and structure identification of the active compounds and so on.
A total of356actinomycete strains were isolated from60mangrove sediments and soil samples collected from Dongzhaigang mangrove, Five-finger Mountain, Danzhou Tropical Botany Garden, and pepper orchards at Qionghai, Dingan in Hainan province. By using Meloidogyne incognita as index nematodes,16antagonistic strains against Meloidogyne spp. were screened, of which strain HA10002, DA09202and DA09205possessed prominent bioactivity and genetic stabilization, and so they were further researched.
By studying the morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties,16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis, strain HA10002was identified as Streptomyces albogriseolus, strain DA09202as Streptomyces aureus, and strain DA09205may be a novel species. The16SrDNA GenBank accession numbers of strain HA10002, DA09202and DA09205are HQ171094, GU565183and HM228413, respectively.
The best optimal liquid fermentation condition and medium components were tested. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, pH value and incubation volume on the production of active compounds of HA10002and DA09202were tested and the ratio of nutrition component was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The optimum culture medium of HA10002includes:glucose0.5%, soluble starch1.5%, yeast extract1.5%, bacterial peptone2%, K2HPO40.05%, seawater50%; the optimum fermentation conditions of HA10002were initial pH7.2-7.4, seed age48h,75mL medium in250mL Erlenmeyer flask with8%inoculum under orbital shaking at180r/min for6d at28℃. The optimum culture medium of DA09202includes:soybean flour1.0%, soluble starch0.5%, glucose1.0%, yeast extract1.5%, K2HPO40.05%; the optimum inoculation condition of DA09202includes:initial pH7.0, seed cultural time48h,100mL medium in250mL Erlenmeyer flask with10%inoculum under orbital shaking at200r/min for6d at28℃. Under the optimized conditions, the revised knockdown efficiency of the10-fold diluted fermentation broths of strain HA10002and DA09202to second-stage juveniles of M. incognita increased from72.5%,73.6%to91.6%,93.5%,respectively.
Raw extract was obtained from the fermentation broth of strain HA10002by ethyl acetate. By means of silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH20column charomatography, and preparative TLC, the active components A22-1(S1) and A26-3(S2) were purified. Based on the results of'H-NMR,13C-NMR, HMBC,1H-1H COSY, ESI-MS, the structures of the two active compounds were identified as6'-methyl-fungichromin and nocardamine,respectively. Using the same experimental methods, the active compound A46-2(S3) from the fermentation broth of DA09202was purified and was identified as3-[1-(6,8-dihydroxy-1,5,6-trimethylocty1)-7-hydroxy-1,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-8-(pentopyranosyloxy)-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro naphtha-lene-2-yl]-propanoic acid. Based on the correlative data of Scifmder system, S1and S3are novel structure compounds.
本文从放线菌的分离、根结线虫拮抗菌株的筛选、菌株的鉴定、发酵条件的优化、活性物质的分离纯化及结构鉴定等几个方面进行了系统研究,结果如下：
先后从海南东寨港红树林、五指山原始森林、儋州热带植物园、陵水蔬菜地、琼海及定安发病胡椒园采集海泥和土壤样品共60份,采用平板稀释法分离获得356株菌落形态有差异的放线菌。以南方根结线虫二龄幼虫为靶标线虫,采用液体筛选模型,初筛获得16株具有抗线虫活性的菌株,经复筛得到3株活性强且遗传稳定的菌株。通过对菌株形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征、16SrDNA序列测定及其系统发育分析,鉴定菌株]HA10002为海洋白浅灰链霉菌(Streptomyces albogriseolus); DA09202为金色链霉菌(Streptomyces aureus);菌株DA09205可能为链霉菌属中的一个新成员(Streptomyces sp.)。菌株HA10002、DA09202和DA09205的16S rDNA在GenBank的登录号分别为HQ171094、GU565183和HM228413。
研究明确了菌株HA10002和DA09202的最佳发酵工艺和培养基组成。实验考察了碳源、氮源、无机盐、pH值及接种量等对菌株HA10002和DA09202产生抗虫活性物质的影响,并通过正交实验对培养基碳氮源进行了优化。确定菌株HA10002液体发酵培养基组成及培养条件为：葡萄糖0.5%,可溶性淀粉1.5%,酵母粉1.5%,蛋白胨2.0%,K2HPO40.05%,50%陈海水；初始pH值7.2-7.4,培养温度28℃,种龄48h,接种量8%,培养时间144h,摇床转速180r/min,装液量为75mL/250mL三角瓶。确定菌株DA09202液体发酵培养基组成及培养条件为：黄豆粉1%,可溶性淀粉0.5%,葡萄糖1%,酵母粉1.5%,K2HPO40.05%;初始pH7.0,培养温度28℃,种龄48h,接种量10%,摇床转速200r/min,250mL三角瓶装液量100mL,培养时间144h。经过优化,菌株HA10002和DA09202发酵液稀释10倍后,24h对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫的校正击倒率分别从优化前的72.5%、73.6%提高到91.6%和93.5%。
菌株HA10002发酵液经乙酸乙酯萃取获得浸膏,通过硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH20柱层析及制备薄层层析等分离技术得到活性组份22-1(S1)和26-3(S2),运用核磁共振('H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMBC、HSQC、ROESY)、质谱(ESIMS)、紫外光谱(UV)等现代波谱技术,鉴定出活性化合物S1的结构为6’-甲基制霉色基素,活性物质S2为Nocardamine(诺卡胺素)。采用相同的萃取、分离和鉴定方法,从DA09202的发酵液中分离获得活性物质A46-2(S3),鉴定其结构为3-[1-(6,8-二羟-1,5,6-三甲基辛基)-7-羟基-1,6,6,8a-四甲基-8-(吡喃戊糖氧基)-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢萘烯-2-基]-丙酸。经Scifinder检索,其中的S1和S3属于新化合物。
Meloidogyne spp. are one of the world-wide spread plant-parasitizing nematodes. The disease caused by root-knot nematodes transmits via soil, so it is very difficult to control, usually resulting in big damage to agriculture and horticulture. The measures taken to protect against root-knot nematodes are now dependent mainly on chemical drugs, and meanwhile the resultant negative effect caused by chemicals is becoming more and more evident, so biocontrolling nematodes is also growing urgent and significant. Of the biocontrolling agents, actinomycetes are one of the most important microbial resources, some of them produce metabolic products which can inhibit or even kill nematodes, and developing such metabolic products is a promising field in biocontrolling Meloidogyne spp.
In this work, studies were carried out as following:isolation of actinomycetes from mangrove and soil samples, screening and identification of antagonistic strains against root-knot nematodes, optimizing fermentation conditions and media, separation and purification of active compounds and structure identification of the active compounds and so on.
A total of356actinomycete strains were isolated from60mangrove sediments and soil samples collected from Dongzhaigang mangrove, Five-finger Mountain, Danzhou Tropical Botany Garden, and pepper orchards at Qionghai, Dingan in Hainan province. By using Meloidogyne incognita as index nematodes,16antagonistic strains against Meloidogyne spp. were screened, of which strain HA10002, DA09202and DA09205possessed prominent bioactivity and genetic stabilization, and so they were further researched.
By studying the morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties,16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis, strain HA10002was identified as Streptomyces albogriseolus, strain DA09202as Streptomyces aureus, and strain DA09205may be a novel species. The16SrDNA GenBank accession numbers of strain HA10002, DA09202and DA09205are HQ171094, GU565183and HM228413, respectively.
The best optimal liquid fermentation condition and medium components were tested. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, pH value and incubation volume on the production of active compounds of HA10002and DA09202were tested and the ratio of nutrition component was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The optimum culture medium of HA10002includes:glucose0.5%, soluble starch1.5%, yeast extract1.5%, bacterial peptone2%, K2HPO40.05%, seawater50%; the optimum fermentation conditions of HA10002were initial pH7.2-7.4, seed age48h,75mL medium in250mL Erlenmeyer flask with8%inoculum under orbital shaking at180r/min for6d at28℃. The optimum culture medium of DA09202includes:soybean flour1.0%, soluble starch0.5%, glucose1.0%, yeast extract1.5%, K2HPO40.05%; the optimum inoculation condition of DA09202includes:initial pH7.0, seed cultural time48h,100mL medium in250mL Erlenmeyer flask with10%inoculum under orbital shaking at200r/min for6d at28℃. Under the optimized conditions, the revised knockdown efficiency of the10-fold diluted fermentation broths of strain HA10002and DA09202to second-stage juveniles of M. incognita increased from72.5%,73.6%to91.6%,93.5%,respectively.
Raw extract was obtained from the fermentation broth of strain HA10002by ethyl acetate. By means of silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH20column charomatography, and preparative TLC, the active components A22-1(S1) and A26-3(S2) were purified. Based on the results of'H-NMR,13C-NMR, HMBC,1H-1H COSY, ESI-MS, the structures of the two active compounds were identified as6'-methyl-fungichromin and nocardamine,respectively. Using the same experimental methods, the active compound A46-2(S3) from the fermentation broth of DA09202was purified and was identified as3-[1-(6,8-dihydroxy-1,5,6-trimethylocty1)-7-hydroxy-1,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-8-(pentopyranosyloxy)-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro naphtha-lene-2-yl]-propanoic acid. Based on the correlative data of Scifmder system, S1and S3are novel structure compounds.
引文
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