大跨度建筑钢结构性能化抗火设计方法
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摘要
大跨度建筑由于内部空间广阔、造型宏伟美观而被广泛应用,但大跨度建筑结构复杂、火灾荷载大、火势蔓延快且难以扑救,而且钢材本身耐火性能较差,易造成重大的人员和财产损失。目前,结构抗火研究主要采用基于现行规范的“处方式”抗火设计方法,缺乏科学性、有效性和经济性,在实际建筑结构抗火设计中具有较大的局限性。而基于性能的抗火设计方法使火灾安全目标、火灾损失目标和设计目标良好结合,尤其适用于那些超出现有规范要求的建筑。因此,深入开展大跨度建筑钢结构性能化抗火设计方法的研究具有十分重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。
本文结合理论分析和数值模拟,对大跨度建筑钢结构性能化抗火设计方法进行了系统的研究,具体研究工作包括以下几方面:
(1)大空间建筑火灾场景设计方法研究。介绍了基于概率的火灾场景事件树模型,结合大空间建筑火灾的特点,总结了大空间建筑火灾场景的设计方法,并采用FDS对实际工程案例进行火灾场景设计分析。
(2)大空间建筑火灾温度场分析。采用基于场模型的分析方法,使用FDS对影响大空间建筑火灾温度场的各种因素进行分析,并在此基础上进行钢构件升温的计算。
(3)火灾下网壳结构稳定承载力的参数分析。以单层球面网壳结构为分析对象,采用有限元软件ANSYS对结构进行非线性分析,研究各参数对结构稳定承载力的影响,总结了火灾下网壳结构稳定承载力随各参数的变化规律。
(4)火灾下网壳结构临界温度和耐火极限的参数分析。采用火灾下结构构件的弹塑性破坏准则,通过对火灾下网壳结构进行构件破坏路径的跟踪分析,确定结构临界温度和耐火极限随各参数的变化规律,总结了火灾下网壳结构耐火性能的影响因素。
Long-span buildings are widely used because of their vast internal space, magnificent and beautiful architectural configuration. But the structure of long-span buildings is complicated with heavy fire load, and fire in the buildings spreads fast and is difficult to be put out. Also, the fire-resistance property of steel is poor. These reasons are prone to cause severe losses to human lives and assets. At present, the recipe-like fire-resistant design method based on the modern codes is mainly used in fire-resistant research of structure, but it has biggish limitation in practical structure fire-resistant design because it’s short of scientific nature, effectiveness and economical efficiency. Performance-based fire-resistant design method combines targets of fire safety, fire damage and design, and is appropriate for the buildings which exceed the request of modern codes. Therefore, it is of vital importance in theory and engineering practice to further conduct research of performance-based fire-resistant design method for long-span steel structure.
With combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, performance-based fire-resistant design method for long-span steel structure is discussed systematically in this paper. The main research work covered in this paper includes the followings:
(1) Research of large-space buildings’fire scenarios design methods. With introducing event tree model of fire scenario based on probability and characteristics of large-space building fire, design method of large-space buildings’fire scenarios is summarized. Fire scenarios of actual project case are designed by FDS.
(2) Analysis of large-space buildings’fire temperature field. With the method based on field model, various kinds of influencing factors which affect large-space buildings’fire temperature field are analyzed by FDS. Then temperature of steel structural members is calculated based on the change law.
(3) Parameters analysis of reticulated shell structure’s stability bearing capacity in fire. A nonlinear analysis of single layer spherical reticulated shell structure is carried out by ANSYS. The influencing parameters of structure’s stability bearing capacity are discussed. The change law of bearing capacity is summarized.
(4) Parameters analysis of reticulated shell structure’s critical temperature and fire endurance in fire. Through following and analyzing the failure path of structural members with the structural members’elastic-plastic failure criterion, the change law of critical temperature and fire endurance is confirmed. Influencing factors of fire-resistant property are summarized.
本文结合理论分析和数值模拟,对大跨度建筑钢结构性能化抗火设计方法进行了系统的研究,具体研究工作包括以下几方面:
(1)大空间建筑火灾场景设计方法研究。介绍了基于概率的火灾场景事件树模型,结合大空间建筑火灾的特点,总结了大空间建筑火灾场景的设计方法,并采用FDS对实际工程案例进行火灾场景设计分析。
(2)大空间建筑火灾温度场分析。采用基于场模型的分析方法,使用FDS对影响大空间建筑火灾温度场的各种因素进行分析,并在此基础上进行钢构件升温的计算。
(3)火灾下网壳结构稳定承载力的参数分析。以单层球面网壳结构为分析对象,采用有限元软件ANSYS对结构进行非线性分析,研究各参数对结构稳定承载力的影响,总结了火灾下网壳结构稳定承载力随各参数的变化规律。
(4)火灾下网壳结构临界温度和耐火极限的参数分析。采用火灾下结构构件的弹塑性破坏准则,通过对火灾下网壳结构进行构件破坏路径的跟踪分析,确定结构临界温度和耐火极限随各参数的变化规律,总结了火灾下网壳结构耐火性能的影响因素。
Long-span buildings are widely used because of their vast internal space, magnificent and beautiful architectural configuration. But the structure of long-span buildings is complicated with heavy fire load, and fire in the buildings spreads fast and is difficult to be put out. Also, the fire-resistance property of steel is poor. These reasons are prone to cause severe losses to human lives and assets. At present, the recipe-like fire-resistant design method based on the modern codes is mainly used in fire-resistant research of structure, but it has biggish limitation in practical structure fire-resistant design because it’s short of scientific nature, effectiveness and economical efficiency. Performance-based fire-resistant design method combines targets of fire safety, fire damage and design, and is appropriate for the buildings which exceed the request of modern codes. Therefore, it is of vital importance in theory and engineering practice to further conduct research of performance-based fire-resistant design method for long-span steel structure.
With combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, performance-based fire-resistant design method for long-span steel structure is discussed systematically in this paper. The main research work covered in this paper includes the followings:
(1) Research of large-space buildings’fire scenarios design methods. With introducing event tree model of fire scenario based on probability and characteristics of large-space building fire, design method of large-space buildings’fire scenarios is summarized. Fire scenarios of actual project case are designed by FDS.
(2) Analysis of large-space buildings’fire temperature field. With the method based on field model, various kinds of influencing factors which affect large-space buildings’fire temperature field are analyzed by FDS. Then temperature of steel structural members is calculated based on the change law.
(3) Parameters analysis of reticulated shell structure’s stability bearing capacity in fire. A nonlinear analysis of single layer spherical reticulated shell structure is carried out by ANSYS. The influencing parameters of structure’s stability bearing capacity are discussed. The change law of bearing capacity is summarized.
(4) Parameters analysis of reticulated shell structure’s critical temperature and fire endurance in fire. Through following and analyzing the failure path of structural members with the structural members’elastic-plastic failure criterion, the change law of critical temperature and fire endurance is confirmed. Influencing factors of fire-resistant property are summarized.
引文
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