新建居住建筑节能管理制度研究
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摘要
随着我国经济社会的发展,建筑能耗将超越工业、交通等其它行业能耗而最终位居社会能源消耗的首位,因而建筑节能已经成为节能减排的关键环节。我国每年新建建筑总量达到20亿平米,并且还将持续较长一段时间,故而搞好新建建筑的节能管理工作,对于实现节能的国家方针和经济社会的可持续发展,意义重大。本文以新建居住建筑的节能管理制度为出发点,通过建立完善的节能管理制度,以保障新建居住建筑的决策、实施和运行管理的全面健康运行,为我国的建筑节能事业提供有力的支撑。本文主要内容及创新点如下：
(1)系统研究建筑节能管理制度相关理论,为我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度的构建提供了理论上的支持,并提出了相应的制度策略。
通过对制度经济学、信息不对称理论、规制经济学理论及外部性理论和全生命周期理论等理论的整理,从中寻找我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度的设计和安排的思路和规范解决办法。
(2)系统研究了国外建筑节能管理制度体系,为建立我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系提供了制度实践上的支撑。
研究了发达国家和地区,如欧盟、美国、日本及其他国家建筑节能方面有效的规制与激励经验,通过比较分析,可以看出,节能发达国家从建立和完善建筑节能政府管理体系、制定建筑节能的法规和政策及节能规范标准、建立建筑节能检测标准和认证体系、注重节能建筑的综合性能、建立和完善建筑节能的市场体系五个方面,系统完善建筑节能制度体系,并取得显著的节能成效。这些建筑节能管理制度方面的实践经验,为建立起我国完善的节能管理制度体系提供了足够的制度实践和实证。
(3)通过分析我国现有的建筑管理的政策制度和管理结构,结合节能管理制度理论和节能发达国家的节能管理制度实践,构建了我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系。
从我国新建居住建筑的实际情况出发,并依据全过程管理的思想,结合节能发达国家实践经验,建立了基于节能管理关键节点的新建居住建筑相关制度。针对新建居住建筑节能管理制度实施过程,提出了新建居住建筑节能管理的实施保障制度,以保证节能管理制度能够落到实处,并通过相关制度的设置,以保证对建筑节能市场的有效监督和及时调整节能相关政策。最后,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系结构进行了探讨。
(4)借鉴节能发达国家的节能管理制度实践,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度结构中的各个单项制度进行了制度安排,其中重点探讨了新建居住建筑节能等级证书制度。
按照制度设置基础、制度设置依据、制度具体安排和制度其他问题的格式,对新建居住建筑节能管理制度结构中的各个单项制度进行了初步的制度安排。其中,重点对目前节能发达国家采用的建筑节能等级证书制度进行了系统的探讨。最后,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度中单项管理制度的内部整体性和单项制度之间的衔接问题进行了探讨。
对城镇新建居住建筑节能管理制度的研究,意图从全局性和整体性的视角,通过制度创新和制度完善,为新建居住建筑的节能管理工作提供系统的解决方案。
Along with the development of the economic and society, the acceleration of urbanization and the adjustment of industrial structure in China, energy consumption of building will surpass the energy consumpition of other sectors, such as industry and transportation, and eventually become the primacy of energy. Thus, the building energy efficiency (abbr. BEE)has become the key scope of energy conservation and the reduciton emission of green-house gas. The total amount of new buildings in China reach 2 billion square meters each year, and will continue for a longer time. It is of great significance to improve BEE of new building for the achievement of national energy policy and the sustainable development of society and economy. Therefore, this dissertation is about study of the management institution of BEE of new residential house. Through establishing the management institution of BEE of new residential house, it is hoped to ensure the new residential house to well run in the decision-making, implementation and operation management of all aspects, and promote the healthy and rapid development of BEE in new residential house, thus support BEE in China. The main content and innovation points in the dissertation r are showed as it below.
First, through ordering the institution thoeries about BEE, it is able to provide the reference and support of theory for the construction of the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. Based on institutional economics theory, information asymmetry theory and regulation economics theory, combining the externality theory, the life cycle theory, it was systematically explored in the dissertation about the institution strategyies in the process of setting up the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China.
Secondly, Systematically gathered and arranged the advanced practical experiences about BEE in developed countries, it is possible to provide the practical experience support about the establishment of the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. By comparsion, it can be seen that the governments of the devoloped countries in BEE field took some effective measures to perfect the management institution on BEE, and achieved significant energy-saving effect. These measures include to establish and improve the government management institution of BEE; formulate regulations and policies and the energy efficiency standards of BEE; establish the testing standards and the certification system of BEE; focus on the integrated performance of BEE; establish and improve the market of BEE, etc. These advanced practical experiences about BEE in developed countries can provide sufficient practice and evidence for the establishment of the management institutions of BEE of new residential house in China.
Thirdly, through analyzing the existing management policies and institutions on BEE in China, combining with the institution thoeries on BEE and the institution practical experiences in developed countries, the dissertation estabilished the integrated management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. From the actual conditions of BEE in China, the dissertation summarized the existent management institution of BEE in new residential house.According to the Whole-process management, and Combining with the practical experiences of BEE of developed countries and China, the dissertation established the management institution structure of BEE of new residential house. In addition, according to implementation of building energy efficiency management institution of new residential house, the dissertation put forward setting up the guarantee institution of building energy efficiency management to ensure the implementation of the institution. It is discussed at the charpter end about the institution structure of BEE of new residential house in China.
Finally, learning from the institution pratical experiences of BEE in developed countries, the system array were discussed on each individual system of management institution of BEE of new residential house. Thereinto, the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency was discussed as the key content. Adopting the mode of institution setting, institution foundation, institution arrangement and the other problems, the dissertation systematically and comprehend- sively discussed each individual system of building energy efficiency manmagement of new residential house.Thereinto, the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency was discussed as the key. Through the establishment of the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency, on the one hand, it can reduce the building energy market information asymmetry; on the other hand, it also can collect the information of BEE. According to the information of BEE, the government department can take effective measures to progress building energy efficiency, such as develop the technology of BEE, put forward economic incentive policy and publicity encouragement policies, etc.
Taking one with another, the study, from the perspective of the overall and integrity, through the system innovation and institutional improvement, is intent on putting forward a systemic solution for BEE management of new residential house.
(1)系统研究建筑节能管理制度相关理论,为我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度的构建提供了理论上的支持,并提出了相应的制度策略。
通过对制度经济学、信息不对称理论、规制经济学理论及外部性理论和全生命周期理论等理论的整理,从中寻找我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度的设计和安排的思路和规范解决办法。
(2)系统研究了国外建筑节能管理制度体系,为建立我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系提供了制度实践上的支撑。
研究了发达国家和地区,如欧盟、美国、日本及其他国家建筑节能方面有效的规制与激励经验,通过比较分析,可以看出,节能发达国家从建立和完善建筑节能政府管理体系、制定建筑节能的法规和政策及节能规范标准、建立建筑节能检测标准和认证体系、注重节能建筑的综合性能、建立和完善建筑节能的市场体系五个方面,系统完善建筑节能制度体系,并取得显著的节能成效。这些建筑节能管理制度方面的实践经验,为建立起我国完善的节能管理制度体系提供了足够的制度实践和实证。
(3)通过分析我国现有的建筑管理的政策制度和管理结构,结合节能管理制度理论和节能发达国家的节能管理制度实践,构建了我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系。
从我国新建居住建筑的实际情况出发,并依据全过程管理的思想,结合节能发达国家实践经验,建立了基于节能管理关键节点的新建居住建筑相关制度。针对新建居住建筑节能管理制度实施过程,提出了新建居住建筑节能管理的实施保障制度,以保证节能管理制度能够落到实处,并通过相关制度的设置,以保证对建筑节能市场的有效监督和及时调整节能相关政策。最后,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度体系结构进行了探讨。
(4)借鉴节能发达国家的节能管理制度实践,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度结构中的各个单项制度进行了制度安排,其中重点探讨了新建居住建筑节能等级证书制度。
按照制度设置基础、制度设置依据、制度具体安排和制度其他问题的格式,对新建居住建筑节能管理制度结构中的各个单项制度进行了初步的制度安排。其中,重点对目前节能发达国家采用的建筑节能等级证书制度进行了系统的探讨。最后,对我国新建居住建筑节能管理制度中单项管理制度的内部整体性和单项制度之间的衔接问题进行了探讨。
对城镇新建居住建筑节能管理制度的研究,意图从全局性和整体性的视角,通过制度创新和制度完善,为新建居住建筑的节能管理工作提供系统的解决方案。
Along with the development of the economic and society, the acceleration of urbanization and the adjustment of industrial structure in China, energy consumption of building will surpass the energy consumpition of other sectors, such as industry and transportation, and eventually become the primacy of energy. Thus, the building energy efficiency (abbr. BEE)has become the key scope of energy conservation and the reduciton emission of green-house gas. The total amount of new buildings in China reach 2 billion square meters each year, and will continue for a longer time. It is of great significance to improve BEE of new building for the achievement of national energy policy and the sustainable development of society and economy. Therefore, this dissertation is about study of the management institution of BEE of new residential house. Through establishing the management institution of BEE of new residential house, it is hoped to ensure the new residential house to well run in the decision-making, implementation and operation management of all aspects, and promote the healthy and rapid development of BEE in new residential house, thus support BEE in China. The main content and innovation points in the dissertation r are showed as it below.
First, through ordering the institution thoeries about BEE, it is able to provide the reference and support of theory for the construction of the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. Based on institutional economics theory, information asymmetry theory and regulation economics theory, combining the externality theory, the life cycle theory, it was systematically explored in the dissertation about the institution strategyies in the process of setting up the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China.
Secondly, Systematically gathered and arranged the advanced practical experiences about BEE in developed countries, it is possible to provide the practical experience support about the establishment of the management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. By comparsion, it can be seen that the governments of the devoloped countries in BEE field took some effective measures to perfect the management institution on BEE, and achieved significant energy-saving effect. These measures include to establish and improve the government management institution of BEE; formulate regulations and policies and the energy efficiency standards of BEE; establish the testing standards and the certification system of BEE; focus on the integrated performance of BEE; establish and improve the market of BEE, etc. These advanced practical experiences about BEE in developed countries can provide sufficient practice and evidence for the establishment of the management institutions of BEE of new residential house in China.
Thirdly, through analyzing the existing management policies and institutions on BEE in China, combining with the institution thoeries on BEE and the institution practical experiences in developed countries, the dissertation estabilished the integrated management institution of BEE of new residential house in China. From the actual conditions of BEE in China, the dissertation summarized the existent management institution of BEE in new residential house.According to the Whole-process management, and Combining with the practical experiences of BEE of developed countries and China, the dissertation established the management institution structure of BEE of new residential house. In addition, according to implementation of building energy efficiency management institution of new residential house, the dissertation put forward setting up the guarantee institution of building energy efficiency management to ensure the implementation of the institution. It is discussed at the charpter end about the institution structure of BEE of new residential house in China.
Finally, learning from the institution pratical experiences of BEE in developed countries, the system array were discussed on each individual system of management institution of BEE of new residential house. Thereinto, the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency was discussed as the key content. Adopting the mode of institution setting, institution foundation, institution arrangement and the other problems, the dissertation systematically and comprehend- sively discussed each individual system of building energy efficiency manmagement of new residential house.Thereinto, the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency was discussed as the key. Through the establishment of the Certificate-Rating System of Building Energy Efficiency, on the one hand, it can reduce the building energy market information asymmetry; on the other hand, it also can collect the information of BEE. According to the information of BEE, the government department can take effective measures to progress building energy efficiency, such as develop the technology of BEE, put forward economic incentive policy and publicity encouragement policies, etc.
Taking one with another, the study, from the perspective of the overall and integrity, through the system innovation and institutional improvement, is intent on putting forward a systemic solution for BEE management of new residential house.
引文
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