论国际海上货物运输合同下的提货义务
|
摘要
海上货物运输过程中,特别是在运费到付的集装箱班轮运输中,经常会在目的港出现无人提货的现象。由于无人提取的货物一般是价值较为低廉的农副产品和初级加工品,承运人很难通过货物获得足额补偿,往往要遭受极大的经济损失。
本文就是从这一情况为出发点进行论述的。
本文从“提货”的含义和依据入手,通过分析得出结论,即提货是海上货物运输合同下的一项义务而非权利。通过对合同各方当事人法律地位的分析,本文进一步明确,收货人和托运人都是提取货物的义务主体;在满足特定条件时,发货人也应履行合同下的提货义务。无论承担义务的是收货人和托运人,还是发货人和托运人,二者都是承运人的连带债务人,对提货义务负连带责任。但不同主体在承担义务时的法律地位是不同的。收货人应当成为提取货物的第一义务人,托运人仅在收货人未全面履行义务时才应补充承担该义务。当发货人和托运人共同承担提货义务时,发货人应先于托运人履行该义务。
在明确了提取货物的义务主体之后,本文继续论述了提货义务的适当履行以及违反情形。由于提货义务的违反主要是在提货时间方面,本文将违反情况分为迟延提货和无人提货。迟延提货时,承运人可以留置货物;无人提货时,承运人可以处分留置的货物,可以将货物提存或回运。而无论何种情形下,承运人都有权向具体的责任方主张损害赔偿。
本文在论述过程中,主要参考了联合国贸法会正在制定的运输法草案,以及很多学者发表的论文或著述,借鉴了其中的部分观点。在对各方观点进行分析评述的基础上,提出本文观点和相应的立法建议。希望本文的内容能对海上货物运输中的货物提取环节有实践意义。
Non-taking delivery of goods at the port of destination often occurs in the carriage of goods by sea, especially in the container liner transportation. Since such goods are always cheap agricultural products and primary products, it is quite difficult for carrier to get sufficient compensation. Carrier suffers great economic losses. This is the very starting point of the thesis.
This thesis begins with the definition and basis of "taking delivery of goods" and, by analysis, concludes that taking delivery of goods is an obligation of contract of carriage of goods, not a right. Through analysis of different legal statuses of the parties of contract, this thesis further specifies that consignee and shipper, and consignor in special circumstances, are all subjects of this obligation. Whether consignee and shipper or consignor and shipper are the obligors, they are joint debtors. However, their legal statuses are in fact different. Consignee should be the first obligor, whose failure of performing his obligation of taking delivery of goods properly will bring shipper to do so. When consignor and shipper are debtors, consignor should precede to perform the obligation.
After that, this thesis discusses how to perform the obligation of taking delivery of goods properly and when a violation happens. Since the violations mostly relate to the time of performing, they are divided into delay in taking delivery and non-taking delivery. In the circumstances of delay in taking delivery, carrier is granted to have a lien on the debtor's cargo. If it is non-taking delivery, carrier will have drawing right and carrying back right to the cargo. Carrier is entitled to claim against the debtors for compensation in the both violations.
This thesis takes some related regulations from UNCITRAL Transport Law and many scholars' views for reference. On the basis of analysis of different arguments, some legislation suggestions are provided.
Author hopes that this thesis could be helpful to the practice of taking delivery of goods in the carriage of goods by sea.
本文就是从这一情况为出发点进行论述的。
本文从“提货”的含义和依据入手,通过分析得出结论,即提货是海上货物运输合同下的一项义务而非权利。通过对合同各方当事人法律地位的分析,本文进一步明确,收货人和托运人都是提取货物的义务主体;在满足特定条件时,发货人也应履行合同下的提货义务。无论承担义务的是收货人和托运人,还是发货人和托运人,二者都是承运人的连带债务人,对提货义务负连带责任。但不同主体在承担义务时的法律地位是不同的。收货人应当成为提取货物的第一义务人,托运人仅在收货人未全面履行义务时才应补充承担该义务。当发货人和托运人共同承担提货义务时,发货人应先于托运人履行该义务。
在明确了提取货物的义务主体之后,本文继续论述了提货义务的适当履行以及违反情形。由于提货义务的违反主要是在提货时间方面,本文将违反情况分为迟延提货和无人提货。迟延提货时,承运人可以留置货物;无人提货时,承运人可以处分留置的货物,可以将货物提存或回运。而无论何种情形下,承运人都有权向具体的责任方主张损害赔偿。
本文在论述过程中,主要参考了联合国贸法会正在制定的运输法草案,以及很多学者发表的论文或著述,借鉴了其中的部分观点。在对各方观点进行分析评述的基础上,提出本文观点和相应的立法建议。希望本文的内容能对海上货物运输中的货物提取环节有实践意义。
Non-taking delivery of goods at the port of destination often occurs in the carriage of goods by sea, especially in the container liner transportation. Since such goods are always cheap agricultural products and primary products, it is quite difficult for carrier to get sufficient compensation. Carrier suffers great economic losses. This is the very starting point of the thesis.
This thesis begins with the definition and basis of "taking delivery of goods" and, by analysis, concludes that taking delivery of goods is an obligation of contract of carriage of goods, not a right. Through analysis of different legal statuses of the parties of contract, this thesis further specifies that consignee and shipper, and consignor in special circumstances, are all subjects of this obligation. Whether consignee and shipper or consignor and shipper are the obligors, they are joint debtors. However, their legal statuses are in fact different. Consignee should be the first obligor, whose failure of performing his obligation of taking delivery of goods properly will bring shipper to do so. When consignor and shipper are debtors, consignor should precede to perform the obligation.
After that, this thesis discusses how to perform the obligation of taking delivery of goods properly and when a violation happens. Since the violations mostly relate to the time of performing, they are divided into delay in taking delivery and non-taking delivery. In the circumstances of delay in taking delivery, carrier is granted to have a lien on the debtor's cargo. If it is non-taking delivery, carrier will have drawing right and carrying back right to the cargo. Carrier is entitled to claim against the debtors for compensation in the both violations.
This thesis takes some related regulations from UNCITRAL Transport Law and many scholars' views for reference. On the basis of analysis of different arguments, some legislation suggestions are provided.
Author hopes that this thesis could be helpful to the practice of taking delivery of goods in the carriage of goods by sea.
引文
[1]见《海商法》第八十一条
[2]司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社,2003:126
[3]见本文1.3.2.2
[4]见《合同法》第一百四十一条
[5]郑玉波.海商法论.台湾:三民书局,1984:79
[6]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:6
[7]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:7
[8]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:27
[9]刘冰,李楠.谈海运货物收货人的提货义务.世界海运.2004(6):40
[10]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:19
[11]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:28
[12]司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002:156
[13]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务。中国海商法年刊.2006:30
[14]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:31
[15]此处及下文的“运输法草案”均指2008年1月A/CN.9/WG.III/WP101号案文。
[16]刘冰.论海运提单下的提货权及其运用(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004:9
[17]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:121
[18]见《海商法》第四十一条
[19]王利明.民商法研究(修订本)第2辑.北京:法律出版社,2001:298
[20]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:121
[21]郭瑜.提单法律制度研究.北京:北京大学出版社,1997:105
[22]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:247-248
[23]韩立新,阚琳琳.论提单所证明之海上货物运输合同的性质.中国海商法年刊.2003:72
[24]同上
[25]邢海宝.海商提单法.北京:法律出版社,1999:470
[26]阚琳琳.提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2003:16
[27]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:270
[28]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:272
[29]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:245
[30]见第1条第14款
[31]见第1条第13款
[32]对发货人法律地位的具体分析见下文3.1.2。
[33]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:238
[34]杨俊杰:《中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海上货物运输纠纷案》,http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/news/show.php?cId=1325
[35]Art.34 Assumption of shipper's rights and obligations by the documentary shipper:1.A documentary shipper is subject to the obligations and liabilities imposed on the shipper pursuant to this chapter and pursuant to article 58,and is entitled to the shipper's rights and defences provided by this chapter and by chapter 13...
[36]见《海商法》第六十六条
[37]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005(3):46
[38]见本文3.4.3。
[39]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:642
[40]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:643
[41]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:645
[42]见本文3.3.2.2
[43]Art.48 Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued:When a non-negotiable transport document has been issued that[provides][indicates]that it shall be surrendered in order to obtain delivery of the goods:(b)If the consignee,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination or the carrier refuses delivery because the person claiming to be the consignee does not properly identify itself as the consignee or does not surrender the document,the carrier shall so advise the shipper,and the shipper shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods......Art.50 Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued:When a negotiable transport document or a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued:(d)If the holder,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods at the time or within the time referred to in article 45,paragraph 1,from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination,the carrier shall so advise the controlling party,and the controlling party shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods.If,after reasonable effort,the carrier is unable to locate the controlling party,the carrier shall so advise the shipper,and the shipper shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods...
[44]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:240
[45]Art.37 Issuance of the transport document or the electronic transport record:Unless the shipper and the carrier have agreed not to use a transport document or an electronic transport record,or it is the custom,practice or usage in the trade not to use one,upon delivery of the goods for carriage to the carrier or performing party:(a)The consignor is entitled to obtain a non-negotiable transport document or,subject to article 8,subparagraph(a),a non-negotiable electronic transport record that evidences only the carrier's or performing party's receipt of the goods;and(b)The shipper or,if the shipper consents,the documentary shipper,is entitled to obtain from the carrier,at the shipper's option,an appropriate negotiable or non-negotiable transport document or,subject to article 8,subparagraph(a),a negotiable or non-negotiable electronic transport record,unless the shipper and the carrier have agreed not to use a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record,or it is the custom,usage,or practice in the trade not to use one.
[46]详细分析见本文3.3.2.1。
[47]见脚注43。
[48]《海商法》第八十八条第一款规定:“承运人根据本法第八十七条规定留置的货物,自船舶抵达卸货港的次日起满六十日无人提取的,承运人可以申请法院裁定拍卖;货物易腐烂变质或者货物的保管费用可能超过其价值的,可以申请提前拍卖。”
[49]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付不着的法律问题(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2002:15
[50]陈建华.浅谈提单中的“通知方”.中国海商法协会通讯.1993(3):23
[51]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005(3):46
[52]Art.51"Goods remaining undelivered":3.The carrier may exercise the rights under paragraph 2 of this article only after it has given reasonable notice of the intended action under paragraph 2 of this article.to the person stated in the contract particulars as the person if any,to be notified of the arrival of the goods at the place of destination,and to one of the following persons in the order indicated,if known to the cartier:the consignee,the controlling party or the shipper.
[53]Art.48 "Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued":(b)If the consignee,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination...Art.50"Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued":(d)If the holder,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods at the time or within the time referred to in article 45,paragraph 1...
[54]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:35
[55]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社,1998:1002
[56]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社,1998:1016
[57]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:170
[58]见2001年7月《全国海事法院院长座谈会纪要》第4条,“……但非中华人民共和国港口之间的海上货物运输,依照《海商法》的有关规定,应当向承运人支付的运费、共同海损分摊、滞期费和承运人为货物垫付的必要费用以及应当向承运人支付的其他费用没有付清,又没有提供适当担保的,承运人可以在合理的限度内留置债务人所有的货物……”。
[59]见《物权法》第二百三十三条、第二百三十六条。
[60]《海商法》第八十八条第二款规定:“拍卖所得价款,用于清偿保管、拍卖货物的费用和运费以及应当向承运人支付的其他有关费用;不足的金额,承运人有权向托运人追偿……”
[61]王利明,崔建远.合同法新论 总则.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:558
[62]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:170
[63]见《公证法》第十二条。
[64]见《公证法》第三十条、第三十二条和第三十六条。
[65]《合同法》第九十四条规定:“有下列情形之一的,当事人可以解除合同:……(四)当事人一方迟延履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能实现合同目的……”
[66]刘宇.海上货物运输合同下的货物交付研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2006:44
[67]李守芹.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海商货物运输纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2002(2):34
[68]汪洋.目的港无人提货的法律责任——铁行渣华有限公司与上海洪熙国际贸易有限公司海上货物运输合同提货纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2007(2):68-70
[1]司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社.2003
[2]郑玉波.海商法论.台湾:三民书局.1984
[3]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕上学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2006
[4]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:25-35
[5]刘冰,李楠.谈海运货物收货人的提货义务.世界海运.2004,第3期:40-41.
[6]司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社.2002
[7]刘冰.论海运提单下的提货权及其运用(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2004
[8]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社.1997
[9]王利明.民商法研究(修订本)第2辑.北京:法律出版社.2001
[10]郭瑜.提单法律制度研究.北京:北京大学出版社.1997
[11]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:241-254.
[12]韩立新,阚琳琳.论提单所证明之海上货物运输合同的性质.中国海商法年刊.2003:69-82
[13]邢海宝.海商提单法.北京:法律出版社.1999
[14]阚琳琳.提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2003
[15]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:230-240.
[16]杨俊杰.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海上货物运输纠纷案.http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/news/show.php?cId=1325
[17]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005,第1期:44-48
[18]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2000
[19]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社.2007
[20]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付不着的法律问题(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2002
[21]王利明.民商法研究(第4辑).北京:法律出版社,1999
[22]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社.1998
[23]王利明,崔建远.合同法新论 总则.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2000
[24]刘宇.海上货物运输合同下的货物交付研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2006
[25]李守芹.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海商货物运输纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2002,第2期:52-56
[26]韩立新,王秀芬.各国(地区)海商法汇编.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[27]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付受阻的法律问题.海事司法理论与实践.2002.第2期:17-45
[28]张新平.海商法.北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[29]张丽英,邢海宝.海商法教程.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2002
[30]李唯军,李道峰.对卸货港货物交付和受领环节的法律思考.中国海事审判年刊.2003:11-19
[31]司玉琢,胡正良等.《中华人民共和国海商法》修改建议稿条文、参考立法例、说明.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[32]朱清,谢伟.论承运人在目的港对船载货物的留置权.中国海商法年刊.2001:89-94
[33]张继林.提单若干问题研究——英国1992海上货物运输法的重点介绍及点评.海事司法论坛.2001,第2期:47-62
[34]杨良宜.国际货物买卖.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999
[35]谢静.国际海上货物运输中提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2004
[36]尹东年,郭瑜.海上货物运输法.北京:人民法院出版社,2000
[37]司玉琢.海商法学案例教程.北京:知识产权出版社,2003
[38]尹东年.当代海商法的理论与实践.北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[39]方修志,邬先江.浅析无人提货.中国海商法协会通讯.1999,第4期:13-16
[40]韩文浩.我国《海商法》下FOB卖方作为托运人的法律地位及其权利与义务.海事司法论坛.2002,第2期:16-20
[41]邱锡梅,刘冰.海运货物的收货人承担提货义务的条件.海事司法论坛.2004,第2期:30-34
[42]邴伟伟.论提单债权关系.海事司法论坛.2004,第4期:1-6
[43]Caslav Pejovie,王圣礼.海上货物运输物权凭证的地位及发展趋势.海商法研究.第11辑:18-48
[44]李卉.关于收货人或提单持有人对承运人诉权的来源.中国海事审判年刊.2005:26-38
[45]汪洋.目的港无人提货的法律责任.海事司法论坛.2007,第2期:68-70
[46]杨良宜.提单及其付运单证.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2001
[47]金正佳.中国典型海事案例评析.北京:法律出版社,1998
[48]项先权,陈龙业.质权·留置权.北京:中国法制出版社,2007
[49]沈木珠.海商法比较研究.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998
[50]姚洪秀,王千华.浅论海运提单所证明的权利属性.中国海商法年刊.1997:23-34
[51]江平.中华人民共和国合同法精解.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000
[52]陈静波.论我国提存制度及其完善.当代法学.2002,第4期:99-101
[53]王义源,曾顗.远洋运输业务.北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[54]UNCITRAL Transport Law Draft convention on the carriage of goods[wholly or partly][by sea],No.A/CN.9/WG.Ⅲ/WP101,Vienna,2008.
[55]Chris Cashmore.Parties to a contract of carriage or who can sue on a contract of carriage of goods.London:LLP,1990.
[56]Njj Gaskell,C Debattista,Rj Swatton.Chodey & Gile's shipping law(8th edition).Southampton:Pitman Publishing,1987.
[57]John F Wilson.Carriage of goods by sea(2nd edition).Southampton:Pitman Publishing,1993.
[58]The right to stop goods in transit,http//:www.cmaccom.com/articles/index.html.
[59]Paul Todd.Bills of lading and bankers' documentary credits(3rd edition).London:LLP,1998.
[60]J.C.Smith.The law of contract(2nd edition).London:Sweet & Maxwell,1993.
[61]Alan Mitchelhill.Bills of lading:law and practice.London,New York:Chapman and Hall,1982.
[62]Michael D.Bools.The bill of lading:a document of title to goods.London:LLP,1997.
[63]Raoul Colinvaux.Carver's carriage by sea(13rd edition)Vol.1.London:Stevens & Sons,1982.
[64]Cho Yang Shipping Co.Ltd.v.Coral(UK)Ltd.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1997020641
[65]Coli Shipping(U.K.)Ltd.v.Andrea Merzario Ltd.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-2002010608
[66]Richard Aikens,Richard Lord,Michael Bools.Bills of Lading.2006.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/browse_book.do?methodToCall=browse&level=1&media=4& bookcode=BOL§or=MAT_SECTOR&nav=1
[67]Peter Brodie.dictionary of shipping terms.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/dictionaryHome.do?bid=DST&nav=1
[68]Judgment by WOO BIH LI Judical Commissioner in the High Court of the Republic of Singaporel.October,2002.
[69]Carver.On bills of lading(2nd edition).London:Sweet & Maxwell,2005.
[70]Simon Baughen.Shipping law(2nd edition).London:Cavendish Publishing Limited,2001.
[71]Nicholas Gaskell.Bill of lading:law and contracts.London:LLP,2002.
[72]American Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1936
[73]Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
[74]Bills of Lading Act 1855
[75]INCOTERMS 2000
[76]Bryan A.Garner.A dictionary of modern legal usage(2nd edition).Peking:Law Publishing,2002.
[77]The "Future Express".http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1993020542
[78]The "Future Express".http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1992020079
[79]L.B.Curzon.Dictionary of law(6th edition).Peking:Law Publishing,2003.
[80]E.R.Hardy Ivamy.Casebook on carriage by sea(6tn edition).London:LLP,1985.
[2]司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社,2003:126
[3]见本文1.3.2.2
[4]见《合同法》第一百四十一条
[5]郑玉波.海商法论.台湾:三民书局,1984:79
[6]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:6
[7]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:7
[8]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:27
[9]刘冰,李楠.谈海运货物收货人的提货义务.世界海运.2004(6):40
[10]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:19
[11]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:28
[12]司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002:156
[13]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务。中国海商法年刊.2006:30
[14]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:31
[15]此处及下文的“运输法草案”均指2008年1月A/CN.9/WG.III/WP101号案文。
[16]刘冰.论海运提单下的提货权及其运用(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004:9
[17]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:121
[18]见《海商法》第四十一条
[19]王利明.民商法研究(修订本)第2辑.北京:法律出版社,2001:298
[20]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:121
[21]郭瑜.提单法律制度研究.北京:北京大学出版社,1997:105
[22]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:247-248
[23]韩立新,阚琳琳.论提单所证明之海上货物运输合同的性质.中国海商法年刊.2003:72
[24]同上
[25]邢海宝.海商提单法.北京:法律出版社,1999:470
[26]阚琳琳.提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2003:16
[27]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:270
[28]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社,1997:272
[29]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:245
[30]见第1条第14款
[31]见第1条第13款
[32]对发货人法律地位的具体分析见下文3.1.2。
[33]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:238
[34]杨俊杰:《中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海上货物运输纠纷案》,http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/news/show.php?cId=1325
[35]Art.34 Assumption of shipper's rights and obligations by the documentary shipper:1.A documentary shipper is subject to the obligations and liabilities imposed on the shipper pursuant to this chapter and pursuant to article 58,and is entitled to the shipper's rights and defences provided by this chapter and by chapter 13...
[36]见《海商法》第六十六条
[37]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005(3):46
[38]见本文3.4.3。
[39]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:642
[40]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:643
[41]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:645
[42]见本文3.3.2.2
[43]Art.48 Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued:When a non-negotiable transport document has been issued that[provides][indicates]that it shall be surrendered in order to obtain delivery of the goods:(b)If the consignee,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination or the carrier refuses delivery because the person claiming to be the consignee does not properly identify itself as the consignee or does not surrender the document,the carrier shall so advise the shipper,and the shipper shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods......Art.50 Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued:When a negotiable transport document or a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued:(d)If the holder,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods at the time or within the time referred to in article 45,paragraph 1,from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination,the carrier shall so advise the controlling party,and the controlling party shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods.If,after reasonable effort,the carrier is unable to locate the controlling party,the carrier shall so advise the shipper,and the shipper shall give instructions in respect of the delivery of the goods...
[44]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:240
[45]Art.37 Issuance of the transport document or the electronic transport record:Unless the shipper and the carrier have agreed not to use a transport document or an electronic transport record,or it is the custom,practice or usage in the trade not to use one,upon delivery of the goods for carriage to the carrier or performing party:(a)The consignor is entitled to obtain a non-negotiable transport document or,subject to article 8,subparagraph(a),a non-negotiable electronic transport record that evidences only the carrier's or performing party's receipt of the goods;and(b)The shipper or,if the shipper consents,the documentary shipper,is entitled to obtain from the carrier,at the shipper's option,an appropriate negotiable or non-negotiable transport document or,subject to article 8,subparagraph(a),a negotiable or non-negotiable electronic transport record,unless the shipper and the carrier have agreed not to use a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record,or it is the custom,usage,or practice in the trade not to use one.
[46]详细分析见本文3.3.2.1。
[47]见脚注43。
[48]《海商法》第八十八条第一款规定:“承运人根据本法第八十七条规定留置的货物,自船舶抵达卸货港的次日起满六十日无人提取的,承运人可以申请法院裁定拍卖;货物易腐烂变质或者货物的保管费用可能超过其价值的,可以申请提前拍卖。”
[49]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付不着的法律问题(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2002:15
[50]陈建华.浅谈提单中的“通知方”.中国海商法协会通讯.1993(3):23
[51]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005(3):46
[52]Art.51"Goods remaining undelivered":3.The carrier may exercise the rights under paragraph 2 of this article only after it has given reasonable notice of the intended action under paragraph 2 of this article.to the person stated in the contract particulars as the person if any,to be notified of the arrival of the goods at the place of destination,and to one of the following persons in the order indicated,if known to the cartier:the consignee,the controlling party or the shipper.
[53]Art.48 "Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued":(b)If the consignee,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods from the carrier after their arrival at the place of destination...Art.50"Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued":(d)If the holder,after having received a notice of arrival,does not claim delivery of the goods at the time or within the time referred to in article 45,paragraph 1...
[54]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006:35
[55]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社,1998:1002
[56]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社,1998:1016
[57]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:170
[58]见2001年7月《全国海事法院院长座谈会纪要》第4条,“……但非中华人民共和国港口之间的海上货物运输,依照《海商法》的有关规定,应当向承运人支付的运费、共同海损分摊、滞期费和承运人为货物垫付的必要费用以及应当向承运人支付的其他费用没有付清,又没有提供适当担保的,承运人可以在合理的限度内留置债务人所有的货物……”。
[59]见《物权法》第二百三十三条、第二百三十六条。
[60]《海商法》第八十八条第二款规定:“拍卖所得价款,用于清偿保管、拍卖货物的费用和运费以及应当向承运人支付的其他有关费用;不足的金额,承运人有权向托运人追偿……”
[61]王利明,崔建远.合同法新论 总则.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:558
[62]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007:170
[63]见《公证法》第十二条。
[64]见《公证法》第三十条、第三十二条和第三十六条。
[65]《合同法》第九十四条规定:“有下列情形之一的,当事人可以解除合同:……(四)当事人一方迟延履行债务或者有其他违约行为致使不能实现合同目的……”
[66]刘宇.海上货物运输合同下的货物交付研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学.2006:44
[67]李守芹.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海商货物运输纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2002(2):34
[68]汪洋.目的港无人提货的法律责任——铁行渣华有限公司与上海洪熙国际贸易有限公司海上货物运输合同提货纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2007(2):68-70
[1]司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社.2003
[2]郑玉波.海商法论.台湾:三民书局.1984
[3]祖颜.国际海上货物运输提货法律问题研究(硕上学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2006
[4]蒋跃川,朱作贤,杨轶.论收货人是否有必须提货的义务.中国海商法年刊.2006:25-35
[5]刘冰,李楠.谈海运货物收货人的提货义务.世界海运.2004,第3期:40-41.
[6]司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社.2002
[7]刘冰.论海运提单下的提货权及其运用(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2004
[8]张文显.法理学.北京:法律出版社.1997
[9]王利明.民商法研究(修订本)第2辑.北京:法律出版社.2001
[10]郭瑜.提单法律制度研究.北京:北京大学出版社.1997
[11]谷浩.论收货人及其权利义务和责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:241-254.
[12]韩立新,阚琳琳.论提单所证明之海上货物运输合同的性质.中国海商法年刊.2003:69-82
[13]邢海宝.海商提单法.北京:法律出版社.1999
[14]阚琳琳.提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2003
[15]司玉琢.论发货人的权利义务及责任.中国海商法年刊.2001:230-240.
[16]杨俊杰.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海上货物运输纠纷案.http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/news/show.php?cId=1325
[17]张希舟.卸货目的港无人提取,承运人该如何作为,托运人又应否担责.中国海商法协会通讯.2005,第1期:44-48
[18]史尚宽.债法总论.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2000
[19]司玉琢.海商法专论.北京:中国人民大学出版社.2007
[20]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付不着的法律问题(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2002
[21]王利明.民商法研究(第4辑).北京:法律出版社,1999
[22]梁慧星.中国物权法研究.北京:法律出版社.1998
[23]王利明,崔建远.合同法新论 总则.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2000
[24]刘宇.海上货物运输合同下的货物交付研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2006
[25]李守芹.中海集装箱运输有限公司诉蓬莱外贸集团公司海商货物运输纠纷案.海事司法论坛.2002,第2期:52-56
[26]韩立新,王秀芬.各国(地区)海商法汇编.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[27]李唯军.论海上货物运输中交付受阻的法律问题.海事司法理论与实践.2002.第2期:17-45
[28]张新平.海商法.北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[29]张丽英,邢海宝.海商法教程.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2002
[30]李唯军,李道峰.对卸货港货物交付和受领环节的法律思考.中国海事审判年刊.2003:11-19
[31]司玉琢,胡正良等.《中华人民共和国海商法》修改建议稿条文、参考立法例、说明.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[32]朱清,谢伟.论承运人在目的港对船载货物的留置权.中国海商法年刊.2001:89-94
[33]张继林.提单若干问题研究——英国1992海上货物运输法的重点介绍及点评.海事司法论坛.2001,第2期:47-62
[34]杨良宜.国际货物买卖.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999
[35]谢静.国际海上货物运输中提单转让法律问题研究(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学.2004
[36]尹东年,郭瑜.海上货物运输法.北京:人民法院出版社,2000
[37]司玉琢.海商法学案例教程.北京:知识产权出版社,2003
[38]尹东年.当代海商法的理论与实践.北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[39]方修志,邬先江.浅析无人提货.中国海商法协会通讯.1999,第4期:13-16
[40]韩文浩.我国《海商法》下FOB卖方作为托运人的法律地位及其权利与义务.海事司法论坛.2002,第2期:16-20
[41]邱锡梅,刘冰.海运货物的收货人承担提货义务的条件.海事司法论坛.2004,第2期:30-34
[42]邴伟伟.论提单债权关系.海事司法论坛.2004,第4期:1-6
[43]Caslav Pejovie,王圣礼.海上货物运输物权凭证的地位及发展趋势.海商法研究.第11辑:18-48
[44]李卉.关于收货人或提单持有人对承运人诉权的来源.中国海事审判年刊.2005:26-38
[45]汪洋.目的港无人提货的法律责任.海事司法论坛.2007,第2期:68-70
[46]杨良宜.提单及其付运单证.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2001
[47]金正佳.中国典型海事案例评析.北京:法律出版社,1998
[48]项先权,陈龙业.质权·留置权.北京:中国法制出版社,2007
[49]沈木珠.海商法比较研究.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998
[50]姚洪秀,王千华.浅论海运提单所证明的权利属性.中国海商法年刊.1997:23-34
[51]江平.中华人民共和国合同法精解.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000
[52]陈静波.论我国提存制度及其完善.当代法学.2002,第4期:99-101
[53]王义源,曾顗.远洋运输业务.北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[54]UNCITRAL Transport Law Draft convention on the carriage of goods[wholly or partly][by sea],No.A/CN.9/WG.Ⅲ/WP101,Vienna,2008.
[55]Chris Cashmore.Parties to a contract of carriage or who can sue on a contract of carriage of goods.London:LLP,1990.
[56]Njj Gaskell,C Debattista,Rj Swatton.Chodey & Gile's shipping law(8th edition).Southampton:Pitman Publishing,1987.
[57]John F Wilson.Carriage of goods by sea(2nd edition).Southampton:Pitman Publishing,1993.
[58]The right to stop goods in transit,http//:www.cmaccom.com/articles/index.html.
[59]Paul Todd.Bills of lading and bankers' documentary credits(3rd edition).London:LLP,1998.
[60]J.C.Smith.The law of contract(2nd edition).London:Sweet & Maxwell,1993.
[61]Alan Mitchelhill.Bills of lading:law and practice.London,New York:Chapman and Hall,1982.
[62]Michael D.Bools.The bill of lading:a document of title to goods.London:LLP,1997.
[63]Raoul Colinvaux.Carver's carriage by sea(13rd edition)Vol.1.London:Stevens & Sons,1982.
[64]Cho Yang Shipping Co.Ltd.v.Coral(UK)Ltd.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1997020641
[65]Coli Shipping(U.K.)Ltd.v.Andrea Merzario Ltd.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-2002010608
[66]Richard Aikens,Richard Lord,Michael Bools.Bills of Lading.2006.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/browse_book.do?methodToCall=browse&level=1&media=4& bookcode=BOL§or=MAT_SECTOR&nav=1
[67]Peter Brodie.dictionary of shipping terms.http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/dictionaryHome.do?bid=DST&nav=1
[68]Judgment by WOO BIH LI Judical Commissioner in the High Court of the Republic of Singaporel.October,2002.
[69]Carver.On bills of lading(2nd edition).London:Sweet & Maxwell,2005.
[70]Simon Baughen.Shipping law(2nd edition).London:Cavendish Publishing Limited,2001.
[71]Nicholas Gaskell.Bill of lading:law and contracts.London:LLP,2002.
[72]American Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1936
[73]Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
[74]Bills of Lading Act 1855
[75]INCOTERMS 2000
[76]Bryan A.Garner.A dictionary of modern legal usage(2nd edition).Peking:Law Publishing,2002.
[77]The "Future Express".http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1993020542
[78]The "Future Express".http://www.i-law.com/ipiportal/doc.do?citation_dest=LLR-1992020079
[79]L.B.Curzon.Dictionary of law(6th edition).Peking:Law Publishing,2003.
[80]E.R.Hardy Ivamy.Casebook on carriage by sea(6tn edition).London:LLP,1985.