鄂尔多斯盆地吴定地区晚三叠世早期的沉积环境与古地理演化
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摘要
近几年来,鄂尔多斯盆地西部吴定地区延长组下组合的油气勘探取得了重大突破,呈现出大油田或超大油田规模的勘探态势,因此搞清楚吴定地区晚三叠世早期的沉积环境,明确延长组下组合沉积相类型及发育规律对于油气勘探具有重要价值。在综合区域地质资料及前期研究成果的基础上,以沉积学、岩相古地理学、微量元素地球化学、测井地质学等学科的最新理论为指导,以研究区钻井、测井、周边露头等资料为基础,通过重矿物聚类及古流向分析法研究了吴定地区延长组下组合的物源方向,通过微量元素地球化学方法探讨了吴定地区晚三叠世早期的水介质环境,通过岩石相标志、古生态标志、测井相标志、沉积序列及砂厚、砂地比值定量相图的综合分析,研究了吴定地区延长组下组合的沉积相类型及特征,探讨了吴定地区晚三叠世早期的古地理演化,确定了延长组下组合砂体展布规律,结合油气勘探实践探讨了延长组下组合油气成藏主控因素与沉积相的关系,揭示了延长组下组合油气聚集规律,取得了下述的成果认识。
吴旗一定边地区晚三叠世早期发育西北、东北及西南三个方向物源体系,其中西北和东北两个方向的物源占主导地位,西南物源方向砂体相对不发育；吴旗一定边地区晚三叠世早期为微咸水的淡水环境,长7期盐度含量略有增加,从长9到长7沉积期气候越来越温暖潮湿,长9晚期、长7早期总体上呈现出一种深水还原条件下的沉积环境；研究区长10主要发育浅湖及三角洲沉积；长9主要发育三角洲沉积,局部发育半深湖沉积：长8主要发育三角洲沉积；长8及长9三角洲为浅水台地型三角洲,不同方向三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的分布具“沿河口带变宽并叠置连片”的河口带控砂规律；长7期研究区西部、南部主要发育深湖—半深湖沉积,局部发育湖底扇沉积,研究区东北部主要发育浅湖及小范围的三角洲沉积：从长9到长7研究区沉积中心具有从东向西迁移的规律,延长组下组合从长10到长7的沉积纪录了鄂尔多斯湖盆初始形成、扩张到鼎盛的地质演化过程。
研究区延长组下组合为上生下储型成藏组合。长7下部及长9顶部发育的深湖—半深湖沉积的泥页岩为延长组下组合提供了优质烃源岩及盖层,长8及长9三角洲前缘沉积砂体为延长组下组合提供了有效储层,长7下部深湖—半深湖沉积的泥页岩产生的异常高压与长8砂岩为主地层的过剩压力差是石油向下部长8及长9运移的主要动力,垂向上长8及长7过剩压力差低值背景下的高值区是油气聚集的主要场所。
In recent years, exploration activities at Wuqi-Dingbian area of the western Ordos basin have obtained great improvements and displayed a giant or super giant oilfield. Therefore, To understand the depositional environment in the early period of Late Triassic in the researched area and to know the types and development mechanism of sedimentary facies of lower assemblage of Yanchang Formation are of great significance for exploration activity. On the basis of synthesizing regional geologic information and the earlier researches, guided by leading edging theories of Sedimentology, Lithofacies-paleogeography, Geochemistry of trace elements and Logging geology, and based on the cores, well logging, outcrops data, the sedimentary provenance direction of the research area is studied by means of clustering analysis of heavy minerals and palaeocurrent analysis. The aqueous medium environment is also studied by the method of trace elements geochemistry. The types and characteristics of sedimentary facies and paleogeographic evolution are studies by means of multidisciplinary analysis, including litho facies, palaeoecologic markers, logging facies, depositional sequence, sandbody thickness and facies diagram of the ratio of sand to land thickness, and the distribution regulations of sandbodies are defined,it is combined the above mentioned research with the exploration activities, the dominant factors that control hydrocarbon accumulation are discussed, and the hydrocarbon accumulation rules are revealed. The following conclusions have been obtained.
There were three provenance systems from northwest, northeast and southwest in Wuqi-Dingbian area of the early period in the Late Triassic, while provenance of the northwest and the northeast dominated, and the sand deposit sourced from southwest does not developed well. It was limno-geotic of brackish freshwater in the research area during the early period of Late Triassic, and the salinity increases gradually during Chang 7 period. As the climate was getting warmer and damper from Chang 9 to Chang 7 period, it was in a deepwater and reductive depositional environment in the early stage of Chang 7 period, the same environment condition with the late Chang 9 period. And it was mainly shallow lake and deltaic deposit during Chang 10 period; deltaic deposit and locally semi-deep lacustrine sediments during Chang 9 period; deltaic deposit dominate during Chang 8 period; Chang 8 and Chang 9 periods were shallow water terrace type deltas, and the distributions of subaqueous distributary channels of deltas front in different directions have the characteristics of becoming width and sheet like overiding above river mouth; During Chang 7 period, it was semi-deep to deep lacustrine deposit in the western and southern of the research area and sublacustrine fan deposit in part. In the northeast, it was shallow lake sediments and small scope of delta sediments; From Chang 9 to Chang 7 periods, the depocenter removes from the east to the west. The deposition of the lower assemblage of Yanchang Formation recorded the geological evolution process of the Ordos basin from initial stage, enlargement, to the prosperous.
The lower assemblage of Yanchang formation has the characteristics of source rocks in upper part and reservoirs in lower part. The semi-deep and deep lacustrine argillutite of the lower of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation and the upper of Chang 9 oil-bearing formation provided high quality source rocks and capping formation. The delta front sands of Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil-bearing formation provided the effective reservoir. The abnormal pressure generated from the semi-deep and deep lacustrine argillutite of the bottom of Chang 7 and the overpressure difference generated from Chang 8 sandbody offered the mainly energy for petroleum migration to the bottom of Chang 8 and Chang 9. Gas accumulation areas mainly locates higher pressure areas of overpressure background at vertical orientation of Chang 8 and Chang 7.
吴旗一定边地区晚三叠世早期发育西北、东北及西南三个方向物源体系,其中西北和东北两个方向的物源占主导地位,西南物源方向砂体相对不发育；吴旗一定边地区晚三叠世早期为微咸水的淡水环境,长7期盐度含量略有增加,从长9到长7沉积期气候越来越温暖潮湿,长9晚期、长7早期总体上呈现出一种深水还原条件下的沉积环境；研究区长10主要发育浅湖及三角洲沉积；长9主要发育三角洲沉积,局部发育半深湖沉积：长8主要发育三角洲沉积；长8及长9三角洲为浅水台地型三角洲,不同方向三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的分布具“沿河口带变宽并叠置连片”的河口带控砂规律；长7期研究区西部、南部主要发育深湖—半深湖沉积,局部发育湖底扇沉积,研究区东北部主要发育浅湖及小范围的三角洲沉积：从长9到长7研究区沉积中心具有从东向西迁移的规律,延长组下组合从长10到长7的沉积纪录了鄂尔多斯湖盆初始形成、扩张到鼎盛的地质演化过程。
研究区延长组下组合为上生下储型成藏组合。长7下部及长9顶部发育的深湖—半深湖沉积的泥页岩为延长组下组合提供了优质烃源岩及盖层,长8及长9三角洲前缘沉积砂体为延长组下组合提供了有效储层,长7下部深湖—半深湖沉积的泥页岩产生的异常高压与长8砂岩为主地层的过剩压力差是石油向下部长8及长9运移的主要动力,垂向上长8及长7过剩压力差低值背景下的高值区是油气聚集的主要场所。
In recent years, exploration activities at Wuqi-Dingbian area of the western Ordos basin have obtained great improvements and displayed a giant or super giant oilfield. Therefore, To understand the depositional environment in the early period of Late Triassic in the researched area and to know the types and development mechanism of sedimentary facies of lower assemblage of Yanchang Formation are of great significance for exploration activity. On the basis of synthesizing regional geologic information and the earlier researches, guided by leading edging theories of Sedimentology, Lithofacies-paleogeography, Geochemistry of trace elements and Logging geology, and based on the cores, well logging, outcrops data, the sedimentary provenance direction of the research area is studied by means of clustering analysis of heavy minerals and palaeocurrent analysis. The aqueous medium environment is also studied by the method of trace elements geochemistry. The types and characteristics of sedimentary facies and paleogeographic evolution are studies by means of multidisciplinary analysis, including litho facies, palaeoecologic markers, logging facies, depositional sequence, sandbody thickness and facies diagram of the ratio of sand to land thickness, and the distribution regulations of sandbodies are defined,it is combined the above mentioned research with the exploration activities, the dominant factors that control hydrocarbon accumulation are discussed, and the hydrocarbon accumulation rules are revealed. The following conclusions have been obtained.
There were three provenance systems from northwest, northeast and southwest in Wuqi-Dingbian area of the early period in the Late Triassic, while provenance of the northwest and the northeast dominated, and the sand deposit sourced from southwest does not developed well. It was limno-geotic of brackish freshwater in the research area during the early period of Late Triassic, and the salinity increases gradually during Chang 7 period. As the climate was getting warmer and damper from Chang 9 to Chang 7 period, it was in a deepwater and reductive depositional environment in the early stage of Chang 7 period, the same environment condition with the late Chang 9 period. And it was mainly shallow lake and deltaic deposit during Chang 10 period; deltaic deposit and locally semi-deep lacustrine sediments during Chang 9 period; deltaic deposit dominate during Chang 8 period; Chang 8 and Chang 9 periods were shallow water terrace type deltas, and the distributions of subaqueous distributary channels of deltas front in different directions have the characteristics of becoming width and sheet like overiding above river mouth; During Chang 7 period, it was semi-deep to deep lacustrine deposit in the western and southern of the research area and sublacustrine fan deposit in part. In the northeast, it was shallow lake sediments and small scope of delta sediments; From Chang 9 to Chang 7 periods, the depocenter removes from the east to the west. The deposition of the lower assemblage of Yanchang Formation recorded the geological evolution process of the Ordos basin from initial stage, enlargement, to the prosperous.
The lower assemblage of Yanchang formation has the characteristics of source rocks in upper part and reservoirs in lower part. The semi-deep and deep lacustrine argillutite of the lower of Chang 7 oil-bearing formation and the upper of Chang 9 oil-bearing formation provided high quality source rocks and capping formation. The delta front sands of Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil-bearing formation provided the effective reservoir. The abnormal pressure generated from the semi-deep and deep lacustrine argillutite of the bottom of Chang 7 and the overpressure difference generated from Chang 8 sandbody offered the mainly energy for petroleum migration to the bottom of Chang 8 and Chang 9. Gas accumulation areas mainly locates higher pressure areas of overpressure background at vertical orientation of Chang 8 and Chang 7.
引文
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