鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长7致密储层成岩演化与成藏过程耦合机理
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摘要
根据岩心观察、常规薄片、铸体薄片、荧光薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析、高压压汞、包裹体测温等分析测试手段,系统研究了鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长7致密油储层特征、成岩作用特征及成岩演化、储层致密史及其与成藏史耦合关系、致密油分布主控因素,并指出该区下一步勘探方向及有利区。取得的认识有如下几点：
延长组长7油层组沉积时期吴堡地区为半深湖-深湖沉积,重力流砂体比较发育且规模大、储层物性好,为长7致密油最有利储集体。其中,长73时期主要为深湖相泥岩夹薄层浊积砂岩沉积,长72和长71时期逐渐演变为半深湖泥岩与重力流砂体互层沉积,具有良好的生储盖组合配置。
长7储层砂岩类型为长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩,填隙物主要为水云母和方解石。砂岩的孔隙度平均为7.49%,渗透率平均为0.173×10-3μm2,为典型的致密储层。储层孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔和各种溶蚀孔隙,以长石溶孔为主,总面孔率平均约3%。孔隙与喉道连通性较差,主要以纳米级孔喉系统为主,孔喉系统复杂,依据压汞参数将孔隙结构分为3种类型,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类为致密油储产量的主要贡献者。
长7储层成岩作用强烈,普遍达到中成岩阶段A期。原始沉积组构中黑云母、塑性岩屑及粒度细是形成致密储层的基础,强压实作用和碳酸盐类胶结物等成岩作用使储层致密化,长石等易溶颗粒的溶解作用增加了孔隙而使部分砂岩成为有效储层。
储层成岩演化序列与孔隙度演化历史研究表明,在早成岩B期长7储层即已致密。依据包裹体岩相学和均一温度,结合埋藏-热演化史,研究区石油大规模运聚时间在早白垩世,储层具有边致密边成藏的特征。
通过对油气质点进行受力分析,在不考虑异常压力和水动力条件下,当浮力和毛管阻力相等时确定的储层致密上限孔隙度为12%；依据录井含油产状及地质综合分析法,确定的本区长7致密储层成藏孔隙度下限为5%。
包裹体研究表明,长7致密油为1期连续充注成藏,石油在致密储层中运移的动力为生烃增压形成的异常高压,运移方式为混相涌流,带有幕式成藏特点,主要为垂向近源运移聚集,其运移通道为储层微裂缝与孔喉组成的网络系统。由于成藏时储层已经致密化,油水基本没有分异。
长7致密油成藏时油源是第一位的,长73优质油源岩高强度生排烃,强充注进致密储层中,优先向着阻力小的相对低势区运聚,形成准连续型油气聚集模式；致密储层的分布控制着致密油的分布,储层非均质性控制致密油纵向富集层位；半深湖-深湖相泥岩和油页岩广泛发育,对致密油聚集起到重要作用。
Based on core observation, conventional section, cast thin section, fluorescence thin section, SEM, particle size analysis, high-pressure mercury injection, inclusion temperature testing method, a systematic study was performed on tight oil reservoir characteristics, diagenesis and diagenetic evolution, the coupling relationship between the history of the tight sandstone reservoir and oil accumulation and the main control factors of tight oil distribution of Chang-7tight oil reservoir in Wubao area. We also pointed out where was the next favorable exploration area. The following results were obtained:
The sedimentary period of Chang-7reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Wubao area was the deposition of the semi-deep lake to deep lake, at that time, the gravity flow sand bodies developed well, the reservoir quality was better so that it became one of the most favorable reservoir. The most favorable ones in Chang-7tight oil reservoir, that was Chang-73, was mainly in the deep lake facies mudstone within thin turbidite sandstone sedimentary, at Chang-72and Chang-71period, they gradually evolved into the semi-deep lake mudstone and gravity flow sandbody layers sedimentary, and have a good assemblage within source rocks, reservoir and caprock.
The sandstone type of Chang-7reservoir was the feldspar sandstone and the lithic arkose sandstone, the fillings was mainly water mica and calcite. The average porosity was7.49%and the average permeability was0.173×10-3μm2, so it was a typical tight sandstone reservoir. The types of the reservoir pore are mainly all kinds of dissolved and remaining intergranular pores, that mainly refered to feldspar, the average rate of total pore amount was about3%. The connectivity of pore and throat is poor, mainly by the complex nano pore throat system, on the basis of mercury injection parameters, the pore structure is divided into3types, including I type and II type, as the main contribution of tight reservoir yield.
The diagenesis of Chang-7reservoir is very strong, generally up to the stage A of the middle diagenetic stage. The original sedimentary fabric of biotite, plastic debris and fine grain size is the main foundation of tight sandstone reservoir. The reservoir further densification was caused by the strong compaction and carbonate cementation and so diagenetic production. However, dissolution of feldspar grains including those easy solution particles increased pore and easily make it an effective reservoir.
On account of the porosity evolution curve in the Chang-7reservoir diagenetic evolution of sequences showed that the reservoir had been the densification in the early diagenetic stage B. According to the homogenization temperature of fluid, inclusion petrography, combining with the burial and thermal evolution history, the time of the petroleum migration and accumulation was determined in Early Cretaceous, the reservoir had a feature of densification and accumulation at the same time occuring.
Through analyzing the stress of oil particles, without considering the abnormal pressure and hydrodynamic conditions, when the buoyancy and capillary resistance was equal, we could determine the upper porosity of the tight sandstone reservoir, that was12%; On the basis of the logging in oil occurrence and comprehensive geological analysis method, we also might determine the lower limit of Chang-7forming physical reservoir, that was5%.
Study on inclusion showed that the Chang-7tight oil was the one stage charging continuous accumulation, dynamic migration of petroleum in the tight reservoir was abnormal high pressure formation from hydrocarbon generation, the type of migration was the mixing flow, with episodic reservoiring characteristics, that was mainly the vertical and near the source rock, their migration and accumulation pathway was a network and a system of micro cracks and pore throat, as the accumulation formed before the reservoir has been densified, oil-water was basically no difference.
Chang-73of high quality oil source rocks in high intensity of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, strong charging into the tight reservoir, priority to small resistance relatively low potential area migration, formed an quasi-continuous oil accumulation mode; the distribution of tight reservoir controlled the distribution of tight oil, the reservoir heterogeneity of tight oil controlled vertical enrichment; there were extensive development of semi-deep to deep lake facies mudstone and oil shale, they played an important role in tight oil accumulation.
延长组长7油层组沉积时期吴堡地区为半深湖-深湖沉积,重力流砂体比较发育且规模大、储层物性好,为长7致密油最有利储集体。其中,长73时期主要为深湖相泥岩夹薄层浊积砂岩沉积,长72和长71时期逐渐演变为半深湖泥岩与重力流砂体互层沉积,具有良好的生储盖组合配置。
长7储层砂岩类型为长石砂岩和岩屑质长石砂岩,填隙物主要为水云母和方解石。砂岩的孔隙度平均为7.49%,渗透率平均为0.173×10-3μm2,为典型的致密储层。储层孔隙类型主要为残余粒间孔和各种溶蚀孔隙,以长石溶孔为主,总面孔率平均约3%。孔隙与喉道连通性较差,主要以纳米级孔喉系统为主,孔喉系统复杂,依据压汞参数将孔隙结构分为3种类型,其中Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类为致密油储产量的主要贡献者。
长7储层成岩作用强烈,普遍达到中成岩阶段A期。原始沉积组构中黑云母、塑性岩屑及粒度细是形成致密储层的基础,强压实作用和碳酸盐类胶结物等成岩作用使储层致密化,长石等易溶颗粒的溶解作用增加了孔隙而使部分砂岩成为有效储层。
储层成岩演化序列与孔隙度演化历史研究表明,在早成岩B期长7储层即已致密。依据包裹体岩相学和均一温度,结合埋藏-热演化史,研究区石油大规模运聚时间在早白垩世,储层具有边致密边成藏的特征。
通过对油气质点进行受力分析,在不考虑异常压力和水动力条件下,当浮力和毛管阻力相等时确定的储层致密上限孔隙度为12%；依据录井含油产状及地质综合分析法,确定的本区长7致密储层成藏孔隙度下限为5%。
包裹体研究表明,长7致密油为1期连续充注成藏,石油在致密储层中运移的动力为生烃增压形成的异常高压,运移方式为混相涌流,带有幕式成藏特点,主要为垂向近源运移聚集,其运移通道为储层微裂缝与孔喉组成的网络系统。由于成藏时储层已经致密化,油水基本没有分异。
长7致密油成藏时油源是第一位的,长73优质油源岩高强度生排烃,强充注进致密储层中,优先向着阻力小的相对低势区运聚,形成准连续型油气聚集模式；致密储层的分布控制着致密油的分布,储层非均质性控制致密油纵向富集层位；半深湖-深湖相泥岩和油页岩广泛发育,对致密油聚集起到重要作用。
Based on core observation, conventional section, cast thin section, fluorescence thin section, SEM, particle size analysis, high-pressure mercury injection, inclusion temperature testing method, a systematic study was performed on tight oil reservoir characteristics, diagenesis and diagenetic evolution, the coupling relationship between the history of the tight sandstone reservoir and oil accumulation and the main control factors of tight oil distribution of Chang-7tight oil reservoir in Wubao area. We also pointed out where was the next favorable exploration area. The following results were obtained:
The sedimentary period of Chang-7reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Wubao area was the deposition of the semi-deep lake to deep lake, at that time, the gravity flow sand bodies developed well, the reservoir quality was better so that it became one of the most favorable reservoir. The most favorable ones in Chang-7tight oil reservoir, that was Chang-73, was mainly in the deep lake facies mudstone within thin turbidite sandstone sedimentary, at Chang-72and Chang-71period, they gradually evolved into the semi-deep lake mudstone and gravity flow sandbody layers sedimentary, and have a good assemblage within source rocks, reservoir and caprock.
The sandstone type of Chang-7reservoir was the feldspar sandstone and the lithic arkose sandstone, the fillings was mainly water mica and calcite. The average porosity was7.49%and the average permeability was0.173×10-3μm2, so it was a typical tight sandstone reservoir. The types of the reservoir pore are mainly all kinds of dissolved and remaining intergranular pores, that mainly refered to feldspar, the average rate of total pore amount was about3%. The connectivity of pore and throat is poor, mainly by the complex nano pore throat system, on the basis of mercury injection parameters, the pore structure is divided into3types, including I type and II type, as the main contribution of tight reservoir yield.
The diagenesis of Chang-7reservoir is very strong, generally up to the stage A of the middle diagenetic stage. The original sedimentary fabric of biotite, plastic debris and fine grain size is the main foundation of tight sandstone reservoir. The reservoir further densification was caused by the strong compaction and carbonate cementation and so diagenetic production. However, dissolution of feldspar grains including those easy solution particles increased pore and easily make it an effective reservoir.
On account of the porosity evolution curve in the Chang-7reservoir diagenetic evolution of sequences showed that the reservoir had been the densification in the early diagenetic stage B. According to the homogenization temperature of fluid, inclusion petrography, combining with the burial and thermal evolution history, the time of the petroleum migration and accumulation was determined in Early Cretaceous, the reservoir had a feature of densification and accumulation at the same time occuring.
Through analyzing the stress of oil particles, without considering the abnormal pressure and hydrodynamic conditions, when the buoyancy and capillary resistance was equal, we could determine the upper porosity of the tight sandstone reservoir, that was12%; On the basis of the logging in oil occurrence and comprehensive geological analysis method, we also might determine the lower limit of Chang-7forming physical reservoir, that was5%.
Study on inclusion showed that the Chang-7tight oil was the one stage charging continuous accumulation, dynamic migration of petroleum in the tight reservoir was abnormal high pressure formation from hydrocarbon generation, the type of migration was the mixing flow, with episodic reservoiring characteristics, that was mainly the vertical and near the source rock, their migration and accumulation pathway was a network and a system of micro cracks and pore throat, as the accumulation formed before the reservoir has been densified, oil-water was basically no difference.
Chang-73of high quality oil source rocks in high intensity of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, strong charging into the tight reservoir, priority to small resistance relatively low potential area migration, formed an quasi-continuous oil accumulation mode; the distribution of tight reservoir controlled the distribution of tight oil, the reservoir heterogeneity of tight oil controlled vertical enrichment; there were extensive development of semi-deep to deep lake facies mudstone and oil shale, they played an important role in tight oil accumulation.
引文
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