城市公交服务水平评价研究
摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化建设节奏的加快,在许多大中城市内,已经普遍出现了交通堵塞,交通事故频频发生等一系列的交通问题,不仅给人们生活、工作以及学习带来了诸多不便,也直接制约着城市的经济发展。面对日益紧张的城市交通状况,大力发展公共交通成为了城市最重要、最少争议的措施。而公共交通的服务水平则成为了影响城市交通状况的关键因素。
本文主要研究影响公交服务水平的因素,建立评价指标体系,对城市公交服务水平进行定性与定量分析,挖掘城市公交客运服务水平存在的内在规律,找出目前公共交通企业存在的主要问题,为城市公交线路网规划与公交企业的经营管理决策提供支持。
论文在阐述城市公交服务水平研究的背景、目的和意义的基础上,分析了国内外在城市公交服务水平评价方面的研究现状,介绍了公交服务水平满意度调查的概念和方法,说明了常规公交系统的满意度指数模型,介绍了层次分析方法、数据包络分析法、模糊数学理论、灰色关联分析法等常见的评价方法,建立了公交服务水平评价指标体系,确定了舒适性、安全性、快速性、方便性等4个一级指标,高峰满载率、车辆服务合格率、事故间隔里程、责任事故频率、发车频率、运行速度及平均站距候车时间等8个二级指标,针对沈阳市公共交通的基本情况,通过调查整理,得出研究数据,应用层次分析方法和灰色关联分析法对沈阳市公共交通服务水平进行了评价研究,并结合沈阳市公交发展情况与评价结果提出了公交发展建议。
With China's rapid economic development and the accelerated pace of urbanization in many cities and even within, there has been widespread traffic jams, traffic accidents occur frequently and a series of traffic problems, not only to people living, working and learning with to a lot of inconvenience, but also directly restricts the city's economic development. Faced with increasingly intense urban traffic conditions, to develop urban public transport has become the most important and least controversial measures. The level of public transport services that affect the city has become a key factor in traffic conditions.
This paper studies the factors that influence the level of transit service, the establishment of evaluation index system for urban public transport service levels for qualitative and quantitative analysis, mining the level of urban public transport passenger services within existing laws to identify the current public transport enterprises the main problems for the city bus route network planning and public transport enterprise management decision-making support.
This paper describes the city bus service in the background, purpose and meaning, based on the analysis of domestic and international bus services in urban areas Research on Evaluation, introduced the satisfaction level of transit service concepts and methods, describes the conventional public transport satisfaction index model system introduced AHP methods, data envelopment analysis, fuzzy theory, gray correlation analysis method such as the common evaluation method, a bus service evaluation index system, to determine the comfort, safety, Fast, convenient, level indicators such as 4, the peak load factor, vehicle services, the passing rate, accident interval mileage, accidents frequency, start frequency, running speed and the average waiting time away from the station 8 secondary indicators for Shenyang public transport the basic situation, by gathering information about, come to research data, application-level analysis and gray relational analysis method Shenyang Public transport services were evaluated, and combined with Shenyang Bus development and evaluation of results of proposed Public Transport recommendations.
本文主要研究影响公交服务水平的因素,建立评价指标体系,对城市公交服务水平进行定性与定量分析,挖掘城市公交客运服务水平存在的内在规律,找出目前公共交通企业存在的主要问题,为城市公交线路网规划与公交企业的经营管理决策提供支持。
论文在阐述城市公交服务水平研究的背景、目的和意义的基础上,分析了国内外在城市公交服务水平评价方面的研究现状,介绍了公交服务水平满意度调查的概念和方法,说明了常规公交系统的满意度指数模型,介绍了层次分析方法、数据包络分析法、模糊数学理论、灰色关联分析法等常见的评价方法,建立了公交服务水平评价指标体系,确定了舒适性、安全性、快速性、方便性等4个一级指标,高峰满载率、车辆服务合格率、事故间隔里程、责任事故频率、发车频率、运行速度及平均站距候车时间等8个二级指标,针对沈阳市公共交通的基本情况,通过调查整理,得出研究数据,应用层次分析方法和灰色关联分析法对沈阳市公共交通服务水平进行了评价研究,并结合沈阳市公交发展情况与评价结果提出了公交发展建议。
With China's rapid economic development and the accelerated pace of urbanization in many cities and even within, there has been widespread traffic jams, traffic accidents occur frequently and a series of traffic problems, not only to people living, working and learning with to a lot of inconvenience, but also directly restricts the city's economic development. Faced with increasingly intense urban traffic conditions, to develop urban public transport has become the most important and least controversial measures. The level of public transport services that affect the city has become a key factor in traffic conditions.
This paper studies the factors that influence the level of transit service, the establishment of evaluation index system for urban public transport service levels for qualitative and quantitative analysis, mining the level of urban public transport passenger services within existing laws to identify the current public transport enterprises the main problems for the city bus route network planning and public transport enterprise management decision-making support.
This paper describes the city bus service in the background, purpose and meaning, based on the analysis of domestic and international bus services in urban areas Research on Evaluation, introduced the satisfaction level of transit service concepts and methods, describes the conventional public transport satisfaction index model system introduced AHP methods, data envelopment analysis, fuzzy theory, gray correlation analysis method such as the common evaluation method, a bus service evaluation index system, to determine the comfort, safety, Fast, convenient, level indicators such as 4, the peak load factor, vehicle services, the passing rate, accident interval mileage, accidents frequency, start frequency, running speed and the average waiting time away from the station 8 secondary indicators for Shenyang public transport the basic situation, by gathering information about, come to research data, application-level analysis and gray relational analysis method Shenyang Public transport services were evaluated, and combined with Shenyang Bus development and evaluation of results of proposed Public Transport recommendations.
引文
[1]俞林华,吴明芬.城市公交状况的模糊综合评价[J].常熟高专学报,2003,(02).
[2]邹志云,李硕.公交综合发展水平评价的灰色聚类分析方法[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,(01) .
[3]赵颖.我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的构建[D].厦门大学,2009.
[4]侯翔.巴黎城市公共交通及巴黎公共交通总公司的概况[J].城市车辆,1998,(01).
[5]王亚飞.关于优先发展我国城市公共交通的研究[D].长安大学,2001.
[6]晓枫.各国出招治堵车[J].中华建设,2005,(07).
[7]秦小娟.太原公交的现状及发展对策[J].城市公共交通,2005,(12).
[8]黄莉.广州的可居性研究[J].南方建筑,2006,(12).
[9]徐士伟.欧洲的城市公共交通[J].交通与运输,2007,(02).
[10]李瑞敏,杨新苗,史其信.国外城市公共交通财政补贴政策研究[J].城市发展研究,2002,(03).
[11]张光远.国外支持公共交通优先发展的政策评介[J].价格理论与实践,2006,(08).
[12]钟宏珊.我国公交事业改革的困境与出路[D].中南大学,2007.
[13]张晓.北京市公共交通系统发展水平评价研究[D].北京交通大学, 2008 .
[14]丁志刚.南通市公交优先发展对策研究[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[15]阎本栋.谈谈公交企业的经济效益问题[J].经济问题,1992,(09).
[16]郑伟南.推进公交企业的现代化建设[J].特区理论与实践,1994,(03).
[17]师桂兰,邓卫,葛亮.基于平均换乘的城市公交线网性能评价[J].洛阳大学学报,2003,(04) .
[18]尹峰,李枫.公共交通服务水平的模糊评价[J].上海交通大学学报, 2000,(S1).
[19]李进,杨浩,孙强.浅谈城市公交线网规划评价指标体系[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2003,(04).
[20]吴海燕,张蕊.交叉口综合评价指标体系[J].中国市政工程,2001,(03).
[21]张晓,邵春福,葛正义.城市交通运行评价指标体系研究[J].城市公共交通,2007,(07).
[22]陈宽民.城市交通系统理论分析与应用[D].长安大学,2003.
[23]祝付玲.城市道路交通拥堵评价指标体系研究[D].东南大学,2006.
[24]杨丽娟,牛玲.公交优先是城市公共交通的战略方针[J].城市公共交通,2001,(03).
[25]陈赟,吴立烜.城市公交优先机制的动态博弈分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,2007,(01).
[26]赵月,陈方红.关于公交优先措施的研究[J].交通与运输(学术版),2005,(01).
[27]刘武,李文子.城市公交服务乘客满意度指数模型[J].城市交通,2007,(06) .
[28]徐晓伟.客户满意度指数的评价方法[J].统计与决策,2005,(13).
[29]魏华.城市公交服务质量与可靠性评价研究[D].长安大学,2005.
[30]匡星.城市常规公共交通服务水平评价研究[D].吉林大学,2005.
[31]尹春娥.城市交通可持续发展保障体系研究[D].长安大学,2005.
[32]Ricardo García,Angel Marín. Parking Capacity and Pricing in Park'n Ride Trips: A Continuous Equilibrium Network Design Problem[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2002,116(1-4).
[33]Boris V. Cherkassky,Andrew V. Goldberg,Tomasz Radzik. Shortest paths algorithms: Theory and experimental evaluation[J]. Mathematical Programming, 1996,73(2) .
[34]James Odeck,Abdulrahim Alkadi. The performance of subsidized urban and rural public bus operators: Empirical evidence from Norway[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2004,38(3) .
[35]Yaron Hollander,Joseph N. Prashker. The applicability of non-cooperative game theory in transport analysis[J]. Transportation, 2006,33(5) .
[36] Raquel Espino,Concepción Román,Juan Dios Ortúzar. Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects[J]. Transportation, 2006,33(3) .
[37]孙孝文.和谐交通体系构建研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[38]魏后凯.中国大城市交通问题及其发展政策[J].城市发展研究,2001,(02).
[39]于滨.城市公交系统模型与算法研究[D].大连理工大学,2006.
[40]徐永能.大城市公共客运交通系统结构演化机理与优化方法研究[D].东南大学,2006
[41]张南.公交优先通行系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2003.
[42]何刚.城市交通规划交通需求预测模型的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003.
[2]邹志云,李硕.公交综合发展水平评价的灰色聚类分析方法[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,(01) .
[3]赵颖.我国城市公交服务公私合作机制的构建[D].厦门大学,2009.
[4]侯翔.巴黎城市公共交通及巴黎公共交通总公司的概况[J].城市车辆,1998,(01).
[5]王亚飞.关于优先发展我国城市公共交通的研究[D].长安大学,2001.
[6]晓枫.各国出招治堵车[J].中华建设,2005,(07).
[7]秦小娟.太原公交的现状及发展对策[J].城市公共交通,2005,(12).
[8]黄莉.广州的可居性研究[J].南方建筑,2006,(12).
[9]徐士伟.欧洲的城市公共交通[J].交通与运输,2007,(02).
[10]李瑞敏,杨新苗,史其信.国外城市公共交通财政补贴政策研究[J].城市发展研究,2002,(03).
[11]张光远.国外支持公共交通优先发展的政策评介[J].价格理论与实践,2006,(08).
[12]钟宏珊.我国公交事业改革的困境与出路[D].中南大学,2007.
[13]张晓.北京市公共交通系统发展水平评价研究[D].北京交通大学, 2008 .
[14]丁志刚.南通市公交优先发展对策研究[D].上海交通大学,2008.
[15]阎本栋.谈谈公交企业的经济效益问题[J].经济问题,1992,(09).
[16]郑伟南.推进公交企业的现代化建设[J].特区理论与实践,1994,(03).
[17]师桂兰,邓卫,葛亮.基于平均换乘的城市公交线网性能评价[J].洛阳大学学报,2003,(04) .
[18]尹峰,李枫.公共交通服务水平的模糊评价[J].上海交通大学学报, 2000,(S1).
[19]李进,杨浩,孙强.浅谈城市公交线网规划评价指标体系[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2003,(04).
[20]吴海燕,张蕊.交叉口综合评价指标体系[J].中国市政工程,2001,(03).
[21]张晓,邵春福,葛正义.城市交通运行评价指标体系研究[J].城市公共交通,2007,(07).
[22]陈宽民.城市交通系统理论分析与应用[D].长安大学,2003.
[23]祝付玲.城市道路交通拥堵评价指标体系研究[D].东南大学,2006.
[24]杨丽娟,牛玲.公交优先是城市公共交通的战略方针[J].城市公共交通,2001,(03).
[25]陈赟,吴立烜.城市公交优先机制的动态博弈分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,2007,(01).
[26]赵月,陈方红.关于公交优先措施的研究[J].交通与运输(学术版),2005,(01).
[27]刘武,李文子.城市公交服务乘客满意度指数模型[J].城市交通,2007,(06) .
[28]徐晓伟.客户满意度指数的评价方法[J].统计与决策,2005,(13).
[29]魏华.城市公交服务质量与可靠性评价研究[D].长安大学,2005.
[30]匡星.城市常规公共交通服务水平评价研究[D].吉林大学,2005.
[31]尹春娥.城市交通可持续发展保障体系研究[D].长安大学,2005.
[32]Ricardo García,Angel Marín. Parking Capacity and Pricing in Park'n Ride Trips: A Continuous Equilibrium Network Design Problem[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2002,116(1-4).
[33]Boris V. Cherkassky,Andrew V. Goldberg,Tomasz Radzik. Shortest paths algorithms: Theory and experimental evaluation[J]. Mathematical Programming, 1996,73(2) .
[34]James Odeck,Abdulrahim Alkadi. The performance of subsidized urban and rural public bus operators: Empirical evidence from Norway[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2004,38(3) .
[35]Yaron Hollander,Joseph N. Prashker. The applicability of non-cooperative game theory in transport analysis[J]. Transportation, 2006,33(5) .
[36] Raquel Espino,Concepción Román,Juan Dios Ortúzar. Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects[J]. Transportation, 2006,33(3) .
[37]孙孝文.和谐交通体系构建研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[38]魏后凯.中国大城市交通问题及其发展政策[J].城市发展研究,2001,(02).
[39]于滨.城市公交系统模型与算法研究[D].大连理工大学,2006.
[40]徐永能.大城市公共客运交通系统结构演化机理与优化方法研究[D].东南大学,2006
[41]张南.公交优先通行系统研究[D].西南交通大学,2003.
[42]何刚.城市交通规划交通需求预测模型的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003.