基于GPS浮动车采集数据的出租车运行特点研究
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摘要
我国城市出租车拥有量增长很快,而且在城市交通中发挥了重要的作用。随着出租车数量的迅速增长,出租车交通量在城市道路交通量中占到了较大的比重,且大量空驶出租车交通量的存在造成了道路资源的浪费。目前对城市道路交通的研究较多的笼统为机动车交通,而缺乏对出租车交通的单独分析,对一定规模下的出租车运行状况,也缺乏一定的数据资料来验证出租车的运行状态是否满足城市的需求。
随着数据采集技术的发展,借助GPS的快速发展,采用浮动车数据采集技术对出租车的实时运行状态的数据采集成为可能,进而可借助获取的原始数据对一定运力规模下的出租车运行状态进行判断。
本文对国内外的浮动车数据采集技术及出租车运力规模控制方法进行了详细介绍,结合深圳市政府投资项目《深圳市城市交通仿真系统(SUTSS)》,获取了部分利用浮动车数据采集技术获得的出租车运行数据,通过判断出租车运行状态随时空变化的特征,及分析出租车规模与服务水平的相互影响关系,并尝试用乘客打车概率来探讨出租车市场的供应是否满足需求,形成对出租车市场的改善建议,为政府进行出租车市场调整改善等做决策支持。
There has been a great growth of taxis in our country. They were proofed very helpful in the urban traffic. As the fast growth of the amount of taxis, their traffic had taken great part of the city's total traffic. Especially, high vacancy rate of the taxis will be a great waste of the road. So far, researches on urban traffic take cars on the road as a whole, while little researches are focused on taxi size. It also lacks a certain data to verify if the operational status meets the demand of the city.
With the development of data acquisition technology, and with the rapid development of GPS, it's possible to collect the real-time running data of taxis with floating car data acquisition technology. And with these data, it's possible to analyze the operational status of a certain taxi size.
In this paper, floating car data acquisition technology and methods of taxi size in both national and foreign are introduced in detail. With the Municipal Government investment projects of Shenzhen< Shenzhen Urban Traffic Simulation System (SUTSS)>, get some taxi operation data with floating car data acquisition technology, through analyzing the taxi operational status changing by time and space, and analyze the relations between the taxi size and service level, and try to use probability of the availability for passengers to analyze the supply and demand of taxi market, and put forward some advice to improve the taxi market, to support the Government's decision-making about the taxi market.
随着数据采集技术的发展,借助GPS的快速发展,采用浮动车数据采集技术对出租车的实时运行状态的数据采集成为可能,进而可借助获取的原始数据对一定运力规模下的出租车运行状态进行判断。
本文对国内外的浮动车数据采集技术及出租车运力规模控制方法进行了详细介绍,结合深圳市政府投资项目《深圳市城市交通仿真系统(SUTSS)》,获取了部分利用浮动车数据采集技术获得的出租车运行数据,通过判断出租车运行状态随时空变化的特征,及分析出租车规模与服务水平的相互影响关系,并尝试用乘客打车概率来探讨出租车市场的供应是否满足需求,形成对出租车市场的改善建议,为政府进行出租车市场调整改善等做决策支持。
There has been a great growth of taxis in our country. They were proofed very helpful in the urban traffic. As the fast growth of the amount of taxis, their traffic had taken great part of the city's total traffic. Especially, high vacancy rate of the taxis will be a great waste of the road. So far, researches on urban traffic take cars on the road as a whole, while little researches are focused on taxi size. It also lacks a certain data to verify if the operational status meets the demand of the city.
With the development of data acquisition technology, and with the rapid development of GPS, it's possible to collect the real-time running data of taxis with floating car data acquisition technology. And with these data, it's possible to analyze the operational status of a certain taxi size.
In this paper, floating car data acquisition technology and methods of taxi size in both national and foreign are introduced in detail. With the Municipal Government investment projects of Shenzhen< Shenzhen Urban Traffic Simulation System (SUTSS)>, get some taxi operation data with floating car data acquisition technology, through analyzing the taxi operational status changing by time and space, and analyze the relations between the taxi size and service level, and try to use probability of the availability for passengers to analyze the supply and demand of taxi market, and put forward some advice to improve the taxi market, to support the Government's decision-making about the taxi market.
引文
[1]周商吾等.交通工程[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1987
[2]陈敏.智能交通系统的基础信息对交通规划决策支持的探讨:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2006
[3]陈锋.基于GPS/GIS的浮动车技术在北京市路网评价中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学系统工程,2005
[4]朱鲤.基于低采样频率浮动车的行程车速信息采集关键技术研究:[博士论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2007
[5]张永强.浮动车交通信息采集系统研究.[硕士学位论文].东南大学,2005
[6]杨涛.出租车管理系统与交通公共信息平台数据交换方式研究[J].电脑知识与技术.
[7]互联网周刊.美国Inrix系统GPS浮动车数据采集的应用.htm
[8]智能交通网.UCIC-GPS浮动车实时交通流信息采集系统.htm
[9]http://google.com.cn.
[10]Hai Yang,S.C.Wong.A Network Model Of Urban Taxi Services.Transportation Research Part,Vol.32,No.4,(1998)235-246
[11]GB 50220-95,城市道路交通规划设计规范[S]
[12]K.I.Wong,S.C.Wong,Hai Yang.Modeling urban taxi services in congested road networks with elastic demand.Transportation Research Part B,35(2001)819-842
[13]Wong,S.C.and Yang,H.(1997)Calibration of a network equilibrium model of urb-an taxi services.The First Asia Paci(?)cConference on Transportation and the Environ -ment,13±15 May 1998,Singapore(accepted for presentation)
[14]Beesley,M E.1973.Regulation of Taxis.The Economic Journal 83(329),150-172
[15]Cairns,R D and Liston-Heyes,C.1996.Competition and regulation in the taxi industry.Journal of PublicEconomics 59(1),1-15.
[16]Yang H & Wong SC(1998b)Demand-supply equilibrium of taxi services under competition and regulation.Working Paper,Department of Civil Engineering,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
[17]Wong,SC & Yang H(1998)Calibration of a network equilibrium model of urban ta xi services.Proceedings of The First Asia Pacific Conference on Transportation and the Enviromnent,Singapore,May 13-15,1998,pp.122-130.
[18]HAI YANG,YAN WING LAU,SZE CHUN WONG&HONG KAM LO.A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services[J].Transportation 27
[19]Jason Soon.Reinvigorating competition in the taxi market[J].ISSUE ANALYSIS
[20]Kenneth M.Gwilliam.Regulation of Taxi Markets in Developing Countries:Issues and Options[J].TRANSPORT NOTES,2005
[21]叶敏,杨海,Wilson.W.Tang.不同规制条件下出租车静态市场平衡机制分析.城市交通,2005,vol.3(3):8-14
[22]Hai Yang,S.C.Wong,K.I.Wong.Demand-supply equilibrium of taxi services in a network under competition and regulation.Transportation Research Part B,36(2002)799-819
[23]Stevens,Allen Russell,Ph,d.Taxi driving:A study of leasing in the New York City[M].City University of New York,1991.
[24]Faber,W.2001.International taxi & for hire vehicle directory 2001.
[25]刘铁军.北京市出租车总量控制和租价调整方法和政策的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学系统工程,1999
[26]陆建,王炜.城市出租车拥有量确定方法[R].交通运输工程学报,2004,vol4,(1):92
[27]胡军红.城市出租汽车交通发展策略研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学交通运输规划与管理,2005
[28]黄琪.城市出租车拥有量的确定:[博士学位论文].浙江大学运筹学与控制论,2005
[29]李晓光.北京市出租车智能交通系统(ITS)应用分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学产业经济学,2002
[30]郭锐欣,毛亮.特大城市出租车行业管制效应分析:以北京市为例[J].北京大学中国经济研究中心讨论稿系列:No.C2006005,2006
[31]IPRT.1999.Should taxis and hire cars be regulated? Interim report No 99-6
[32]王俊.城市出租车市场规制研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学交通运输规划与管理,2005
[33]国家统计局
[34]王昊,王炜,陈峻等.城市出租车交通分布预测模型[J].公路交通科技,2006,vol.23
[35]王昊,王炜等.城市出租车交通分布预测模型[J].公路交通科技,2006,vol.6(23)
[36]国研网
[37]Ro ss S M.Introduction to Probability Models[M]1993
[38]仇保兴.推进出租车汽车市场整顿确保行业稳定.国研网
[39]王劲恺.电子商务物流配送服务水平与客户关系研究:[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2007
[40]胡小文,冯均佳.基于GPS数据采集的出租车交通运行特点研究[J].城市交通,2007(2):91-93
[41]杨涛.出租车管理系统与交通公共信息平台数据交换方式研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2005:55
[42]吴娟,张轮,董德存.数据融合技术在GPS数据处理中的应用[J].山东交通科技,2005(3):4-6
[43]张永强.浮动车交通信息采集系统研究[R].2005
[44]汪海渊,朱彦东,杨东援.数据融合技术及其在交通领域中的应用[J]交通与计算机,2001(19):42-46
[45]储浩,杨晓光,吴志周.动态交通数据的预处理方法及应用[J].第一届中国智能交通年会论文集
[46]毛文轶.GPS测量中坐标系统、坐标系的转换过程[J]中国水运,2006(6):136-137
[47]徐仕琪,张晓帆,周可法等.关于利用七参数法进行WGS-84和BJ-54坐标转换问题的探讨[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2007(30):33-39
[48]章威,徐建闽,林绵峰.基于大规模浮动车数据的地图匹配算法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2007(7):39-45
[49]董敬欣,吴建平等.基于GPS/GIS数据的路网层次划分研究.城市交通,2006,vol.29
[50]www.sztb.gov.cn.深圳市交通局,深圳市港务管理局.深圳市出租小汽车运力投放听证材料,2005年6月03日
[2]陈敏.智能交通系统的基础信息对交通规划决策支持的探讨:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2006
[3]陈锋.基于GPS/GIS的浮动车技术在北京市路网评价中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学系统工程,2005
[4]朱鲤.基于低采样频率浮动车的行程车速信息采集关键技术研究:[博士论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2007
[5]张永强.浮动车交通信息采集系统研究.[硕士学位论文].东南大学,2005
[6]杨涛.出租车管理系统与交通公共信息平台数据交换方式研究[J].电脑知识与技术.
[7]互联网周刊.美国Inrix系统GPS浮动车数据采集的应用.htm
[8]智能交通网.UCIC-GPS浮动车实时交通流信息采集系统.htm
[9]http://google.com.cn.
[10]Hai Yang,S.C.Wong.A Network Model Of Urban Taxi Services.Transportation Research Part,Vol.32,No.4,(1998)235-246
[11]GB 50220-95,城市道路交通规划设计规范[S]
[12]K.I.Wong,S.C.Wong,Hai Yang.Modeling urban taxi services in congested road networks with elastic demand.Transportation Research Part B,35(2001)819-842
[13]Wong,S.C.and Yang,H.(1997)Calibration of a network equilibrium model of urb-an taxi services.The First Asia Paci(?)cConference on Transportation and the Environ -ment,13±15 May 1998,Singapore(accepted for presentation)
[14]Beesley,M E.1973.Regulation of Taxis.The Economic Journal 83(329),150-172
[15]Cairns,R D and Liston-Heyes,C.1996.Competition and regulation in the taxi industry.Journal of PublicEconomics 59(1),1-15.
[16]Yang H & Wong SC(1998b)Demand-supply equilibrium of taxi services under competition and regulation.Working Paper,Department of Civil Engineering,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
[17]Wong,SC & Yang H(1998)Calibration of a network equilibrium model of urban ta xi services.Proceedings of The First Asia Pacific Conference on Transportation and the Enviromnent,Singapore,May 13-15,1998,pp.122-130.
[18]HAI YANG,YAN WING LAU,SZE CHUN WONG&HONG KAM LO.A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services[J].Transportation 27
[19]Jason Soon.Reinvigorating competition in the taxi market[J].ISSUE ANALYSIS
[20]Kenneth M.Gwilliam.Regulation of Taxi Markets in Developing Countries:Issues and Options[J].TRANSPORT NOTES,2005
[21]叶敏,杨海,Wilson.W.Tang.不同规制条件下出租车静态市场平衡机制分析.城市交通,2005,vol.3(3):8-14
[22]Hai Yang,S.C.Wong,K.I.Wong.Demand-supply equilibrium of taxi services in a network under competition and regulation.Transportation Research Part B,36(2002)799-819
[23]Stevens,Allen Russell,Ph,d.Taxi driving:A study of leasing in the New York City[M].City University of New York,1991.
[24]Faber,W.2001.International taxi & for hire vehicle directory 2001.
[25]刘铁军.北京市出租车总量控制和租价调整方法和政策的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学系统工程,1999
[26]陆建,王炜.城市出租车拥有量确定方法[R].交通运输工程学报,2004,vol4,(1):92
[27]胡军红.城市出租汽车交通发展策略研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学交通运输规划与管理,2005
[28]黄琪.城市出租车拥有量的确定:[博士学位论文].浙江大学运筹学与控制论,2005
[29]李晓光.北京市出租车智能交通系统(ITS)应用分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学产业经济学,2002
[30]郭锐欣,毛亮.特大城市出租车行业管制效应分析:以北京市为例[J].北京大学中国经济研究中心讨论稿系列:No.C2006005,2006
[31]IPRT.1999.Should taxis and hire cars be regulated? Interim report No 99-6
[32]王俊.城市出租车市场规制研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学交通运输规划与管理,2005
[33]国家统计局
[34]王昊,王炜,陈峻等.城市出租车交通分布预测模型[J].公路交通科技,2006,vol.23
[35]王昊,王炜等.城市出租车交通分布预测模型[J].公路交通科技,2006,vol.6(23)
[36]国研网
[37]Ro ss S M.Introduction to Probability Models[M]1993
[38]仇保兴.推进出租车汽车市场整顿确保行业稳定.国研网
[39]王劲恺.电子商务物流配送服务水平与客户关系研究:[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学交通运输规划与管理,2007
[40]胡小文,冯均佳.基于GPS数据采集的出租车交通运行特点研究[J].城市交通,2007(2):91-93
[41]杨涛.出租车管理系统与交通公共信息平台数据交换方式研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2005:55
[42]吴娟,张轮,董德存.数据融合技术在GPS数据处理中的应用[J].山东交通科技,2005(3):4-6
[43]张永强.浮动车交通信息采集系统研究[R].2005
[44]汪海渊,朱彦东,杨东援.数据融合技术及其在交通领域中的应用[J]交通与计算机,2001(19):42-46
[45]储浩,杨晓光,吴志周.动态交通数据的预处理方法及应用[J].第一届中国智能交通年会论文集
[46]毛文轶.GPS测量中坐标系统、坐标系的转换过程[J]中国水运,2006(6):136-137
[47]徐仕琪,张晓帆,周可法等.关于利用七参数法进行WGS-84和BJ-54坐标转换问题的探讨[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2007(30):33-39
[48]章威,徐建闽,林绵峰.基于大规模浮动车数据的地图匹配算法[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2007(7):39-45
[49]董敬欣,吴建平等.基于GPS/GIS数据的路网层次划分研究.城市交通,2006,vol.29
[50]www.sztb.gov.cn.深圳市交通局,深圳市港务管理局.深圳市出租小汽车运力投放听证材料,2005年6月03日