施工项目风险防范与保险研究
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摘要
施工项目由于其规模大,投资多,周期长,生产的单件性和复杂性等特点,加之参与主体众多,组织关系复杂,因而是一项充满风险和不确定性的事业。无论是项目业主、承包商、监理工程师,还是设计师、材料供应商等,都面临着风险。从筹划、设计、建造到竣工,存在诸多风险,包括建筑风险、市场风险、信用风险、环境风险、政治风险、法律风险等。这就要求我们要对风险管理问题进行研究。
本课题根据施工项目所面临风险的特征,按照风险识别、风险评价、风险应对的风险管理体系,通过对施工项目的实际分析,总结归纳出项目中可能遇到的风险因素。对一些发生频繁所致损失巨大的风险进行定性、定量分析,结合前人的成果提出解决问题的对策,真正将风险管理方法有效应用到施工项目管理的实践中去,形成一种全面认识和解决项目所面临的风险的规范的方法。特别是对承包商可能面临的一些风险进行风险识别,用系统建模的方法对承包商的风险进行了风险分析评价,提出了风险控制的具体步骤,并提出几点在我国实行施工项目风险管理和我国的建设项目如何完善工程保险制度才能有效的抵御各种风险的策略,对实际的工程项目风险管理有指导作用。
Construction project is a full risks and uncertainties cause because of its large scale, investment, a long life cycle, the production of single pieces and complex nature of the characteristics, and the many participants, complicated organizational relationships. Regardless of being the project owner, the contractor, oversees engineer, the designer, the material supplier and so on, are facing the risk. From the planning, design, construction to completion, there are many risks, including construction risk, market risk, credit risk, environmental risks, political risks, legal risks. This requests us to conduct the research to the risk management question.
Through the analysis of the actual construction project, this issue summarized likely to be encountered in the risk factors in accordance with the characteristics risks faced by the construction project, and the system of risk management of risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk dealing. This issue has the risk of occurring frequently and the loss is enormous to carry on the qualitative, the quantitative analysis. This issue unifies predecessor's achievement to propose countermeasure that how to solve the question and applies effectively and truly the risk management method to the construction project management in the practice. Finally, it forms one kind of standard method that how to comprehensive understand and solute project risk. Specially, it carries risks that the contractor faces on risk identification. It has carried on the risk analysis and evaluation with system modeling's method to contractor's risk. It proposes concrete steps to control the risk, and puts forward several strategies that how to implement risk management of construction projects in our country and how to improve the engineering insurance system can be effective against all kinds of risks. This research has the instruction function to the actual project risk management.
本课题根据施工项目所面临风险的特征,按照风险识别、风险评价、风险应对的风险管理体系,通过对施工项目的实际分析,总结归纳出项目中可能遇到的风险因素。对一些发生频繁所致损失巨大的风险进行定性、定量分析,结合前人的成果提出解决问题的对策,真正将风险管理方法有效应用到施工项目管理的实践中去,形成一种全面认识和解决项目所面临的风险的规范的方法。特别是对承包商可能面临的一些风险进行风险识别,用系统建模的方法对承包商的风险进行了风险分析评价,提出了风险控制的具体步骤,并提出几点在我国实行施工项目风险管理和我国的建设项目如何完善工程保险制度才能有效的抵御各种风险的策略,对实际的工程项目风险管理有指导作用。
Construction project is a full risks and uncertainties cause because of its large scale, investment, a long life cycle, the production of single pieces and complex nature of the characteristics, and the many participants, complicated organizational relationships. Regardless of being the project owner, the contractor, oversees engineer, the designer, the material supplier and so on, are facing the risk. From the planning, design, construction to completion, there are many risks, including construction risk, market risk, credit risk, environmental risks, political risks, legal risks. This requests us to conduct the research to the risk management question.
Through the analysis of the actual construction project, this issue summarized likely to be encountered in the risk factors in accordance with the characteristics risks faced by the construction project, and the system of risk management of risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk dealing. This issue has the risk of occurring frequently and the loss is enormous to carry on the qualitative, the quantitative analysis. This issue unifies predecessor's achievement to propose countermeasure that how to solve the question and applies effectively and truly the risk management method to the construction project management in the practice. Finally, it forms one kind of standard method that how to comprehensive understand and solute project risk. Specially, it carries risks that the contractor faces on risk identification. It has carried on the risk analysis and evaluation with system modeling's method to contractor's risk. It proposes concrete steps to control the risk, and puts forward several strategies that how to implement risk management of construction projects in our country and how to improve the engineering insurance system can be effective against all kinds of risks. This research has the instruction function to the actual project risk management.
引文
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[8] 赵剑英.工程风险与我国工程保险的发展趋势. 内蒙古财经学院学报,2005.1,40~43
[9] 王志.工程风险管理规划与控制探讨. 基建优化,2002.12,24~25
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[14] China D, Legal Spotlight. Miller Act Changes Guide to Surety Bonding 2000. The Associated General Contractors of Amerrice ,7 (2000) 23-45
[15] 李明.国外工程保险制度的发展与基本内容研究. 基建优化,2002.10,9~13
[16] MoK C.K etal .Practices. Barriers and Benefits of Risk Management. Process in Building Services Cost Estimation Journal of Construction Economics and Management ,15 (1997) 161-175
[17] Kartam.N.A. Integrating Safety and Health Performance into Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2 (1997) 121-126
[18] 刘冬梅.建筑工程施工中的风险管理. 福建建筑,2003.3,75~76
[19] Z.M.Deng, H. Li, C.M. Tam, Q.P.Shen, P.E.D. Love. An Application of the Internet-based ProjectManagement System. Automation in Construction, 10 (2001) 239-246
[20] 赵红丽.浅论我国工程保险的现状与发展对策. 金融经济,2002.6 ,107~108
[21] Mark S Dofdmanl. Risk Management and Insurance. Indiana: Prentice Hall,1999
[22] 陈磊.关于在我国建立工程项目风险管理制度的思考. 基建优化2002.4,31~33
[23] BouZ.R. Fatalities and injuries in KnWaiti construction industry. Accident Analysis& prevention ,6 (1998) 805-814
[24] 程里平.建设工程推行保险可行性的若干思考.建筑经济, 2000.9,43~44
[25] 彭利.建筑工程保险探析. 内蒙古保险,1999.2,32~33
[26] 韦志坚.施工风险防范探究. 中国科技信息,2006.12,44~45
[27] Abudayyeh, B.Temel, H.Al-Tabtabai, B.Hurley. An Intranet-base cost Control System. Advance in Engineering Software ,32 (2001) 87-94
[28] 李峰.建筑业中的工程保险应用研究.建设监理,2001.1,56~58
[29] D.K.H. Chua, D.Z. Li and W.T. Chan. Case-Based Reasoning Approach in Bid Decision Marking. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1 (2001) 34-36
[30] 李爱春.浅析我国工程保险的构建. 甘肃政法学院学报,2002.7,55~58
[2] 李怀祖.管理研究方法论. 西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2004.5,284~322
[3] 温厉.WTO后企业管理策略与实务. 北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,371~379
[4] 池仁勇.项目管理. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004.8,365~374
[5] 周坚.工程保险在建筑施工中的应用. 基建优化,2000.8,34~36
[6] 韩春民.建设单位在工程项目中的风险管理. 建筑经济,2006.10,28~30
[7] 卿姚.工程风险管理与工程保险. 四川建筑,2006.8,171~175
[8] 赵剑英.工程风险与我国工程保险的发展趋势. 内蒙古财经学院学报,2005.1,40~43
[9] 王志.工程风险管理规划与控制探讨. 基建优化,2002.12,24~25
[10] 傅鸿源.工程项目风险评价方法的研究. 系统工程理论与实践,1995.10,55~58
[11] L.Y.Shen. Project Risk Management in Hong Kong. International Journal of Project Management, 15 (1997) 101-105
[12] A.Uchechukwu Elinwa, Silas A. Buba. Construction Cost Factors in Nigeria. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1993
[13] 赵兴波.工程项目施工中的风险分析与管理. 基建管理优,2005.2,18~20
[14] China D, Legal Spotlight. Miller Act Changes Guide to Surety Bonding 2000. The Associated General Contractors of Amerrice ,7 (2000) 23-45
[15] 李明.国外工程保险制度的发展与基本内容研究. 基建优化,2002.10,9~13
[16] MoK C.K etal .Practices. Barriers and Benefits of Risk Management. Process in Building Services Cost Estimation Journal of Construction Economics and Management ,15 (1997) 161-175
[17] Kartam.N.A. Integrating Safety and Health Performance into Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2 (1997) 121-126
[18] 刘冬梅.建筑工程施工中的风险管理. 福建建筑,2003.3,75~76
[19] Z.M.Deng, H. Li, C.M. Tam, Q.P.Shen, P.E.D. Love. An Application of the Internet-based ProjectManagement System. Automation in Construction, 10 (2001) 239-246
[20] 赵红丽.浅论我国工程保险的现状与发展对策. 金融经济,2002.6 ,107~108
[21] Mark S Dofdmanl. Risk Management and Insurance. Indiana: Prentice Hall,1999
[22] 陈磊.关于在我国建立工程项目风险管理制度的思考. 基建优化2002.4,31~33
[23] BouZ.R. Fatalities and injuries in KnWaiti construction industry. Accident Analysis& prevention ,6 (1998) 805-814
[24] 程里平.建设工程推行保险可行性的若干思考.建筑经济, 2000.9,43~44
[25] 彭利.建筑工程保险探析. 内蒙古保险,1999.2,32~33
[26] 韦志坚.施工风险防范探究. 中国科技信息,2006.12,44~45
[27] Abudayyeh, B.Temel, H.Al-Tabtabai, B.Hurley. An Intranet-base cost Control System. Advance in Engineering Software ,32 (2001) 87-94
[28] 李峰.建筑业中的工程保险应用研究.建设监理,2001.1,56~58
[29] D.K.H. Chua, D.Z. Li and W.T. Chan. Case-Based Reasoning Approach in Bid Decision Marking. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1 (2001) 34-36
[30] 李爱春.浅析我国工程保险的构建. 甘肃政法学院学报,2002.7,55~58
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