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无位置传感器无刷直流机系统控制策略的研究及实现
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摘要
目前,无位置传感器无刷直流电动机(BLDCM)系统是电气传动领域研究的热点,但要进一步提高该系统的性能仍然存在许多难点问题。本文针对其中一些关键问题进行分析和研究,提出了相应的控制方案。
    在分析无刷直流电动机动态数学模型的基础上,自行建立了含有电力功率模块的系统仿真模型,它更加逼近实际系统,从而加快了设计和调试过程。
    本文在深入研究无位置传感器传统控制方法基础上,分析了反电势的检测方法。以Motorola公司DSP56F805为控制核心,设计一套基于端电压法的无位置传感器BLDCM全数字驱动系统。提出一种无需重构中点电压的反电势过零点检测方法。
    针对电机电枢反应会造成无位置传感器BLDCM转子位置检测误差,本文定性分析并定量推导转子位置误差及其引起的电机换相角误差,提出位置误差补偿算法;针对系统控制中可能出现的不正常情况,提出一种定子电流换相控制策略及电机起动切换算法。
    本文提出改进的单神经元反向传播算法,用于速度控制器,考虑转速变化对误差修正的影响,适应于运动控制系统快速响应要求。为满足系统的更高要求,设计了智能双模位置控制器,并进行了仿真。
    本文设计了串口通讯协议和CAN总线应用层协议,实现多机现场总线网络化通讯;为使系统更加稳定可靠,提出一种故障诊断的方法。
    通过无位置传感器BLDCM系统实验,验证了误差补偿算法和电流换相控制策略能极大提高系统性能。位置检测信号准确可靠,几乎达到有位置传感器的系统性能。实验同时验证了改进的修正误差反向传播算法的可行性。
In this paper, the problems of sensorless brushless Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor are studied. And a controlling method is designed well.
    Based on analysis of mathematical model for BLDCM, a novel model is proposed with simulation package MATLAB. The simulation results show the good dynamic and stationary performance. It can test the feasibility of new method to promote the design of real system.
    In this paper, a sensorless brushless BLDCM system with novel rotor position detection method based on back electromotive force is presented, which is based on the analysis of the traditional control scheme and the learning from the research fruit of this research field. A real system includes Motorola’s DSP—56F805 as central control unit, power module as the power switch unit, and BLDCM as actuator based on traditional scheme of terminal voltage. Based on it, experimental research is conducted and the results verify the scheme above is valid and its dynamic and stationary performance is very good.
    In this paper, the principle of rotor position detection based on back electromotive force is analyzed, and its error is researched. A commutation algorithm aimed to compensate the error is presented; for some deviant condition in controlling process, a algorithm about phase control and start-switch is put forward for the sensorless trapezoidal brushless DC motor. This precise algorithm provides good running surroundings. Experiment shows that we achieve good system indexes and verifies this algorithm plausible and accurate.
     In this paper, the novel control theory is used with the purpose to enhance the performance and buildup the adaptability of the system. And a position controller is designed to meet ten practical requirements.
     This paper introduces assistant function including the monitor-testing control with serial communication interface and network interface with Controller Area Network (CAN); The idea of pattern recognition can test fault of motor.
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