越西盆地活动构造研究
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摘要
活动构造具体是指,晚第四纪100-120ka以来发生过的,现在正在活动并且未来一定时期内仍可能发生活动的构造。活动构造主要研究的是活动断裂、活动盆地、活动褶皱、活动火山以及被它们所围限的地壳和岩石圈块体变形和运动等多种类型的构造活动。
存在于川滇地区的一个突出的科学问题是:由北西向鲜水河断裂左旋走滑运动产生的变形,在石棉以南几条近南北向的断裂之间是如何分配的。对这一问题的理解,不仅对认识该地区构造变形有重要意义,也对科学地评价该地区地震危险性有积极的作用。定量化构造地貌研究不仅对于认识盆地本身的演化历史,而且对于认识青藏高原南东边界带活动构造的运动学特征都具有重要的意义。位于小相岭和大凉山之间的越西盆地为一构造成因盆地,发育于大凉山断裂带的越西断裂西侧并受该断层控制,呈南北长轴椭圆状展布,越西河白南向北贯穿盆地。
本文试图通过对越西盆地构造地貌的定量化研究,深入分析越西盆地新生代以来的构造演化,为进一步认识鲜水河一小江断裂带的活动性以及青藏高原的地壳运动和构造变形,为理解鲜水河断裂左旋走滑运动产生的变形,在石棉以南是如何分配的提供依据。
论文完成的主要工作:
(1)通过对越西盆地航片解译和相关地形图的分析,编制了研究区地貌分区图;
(2)选择四条横跨大凉山断裂的地质剖面,进行平衡剖面分析,估计出大凉山地区新生代的地壳缩短量及缩短速率;
(3)对重要的构造变形进行地形测量,并在对比得出越西河两岸T2阶地高差的基础上,结合地貌面释光测年结果得出越西断裂垂直位移速率;
(4)根据越西盆地及普雄断裂的运动速率,分析了鲜水河-小江断裂带中段滑动速率的部分分配方式;
(5)综合分析了越西盆地的构造演化历史及其对于认识青藏高原活动构造运动学特征的意义。
论文的主要结论:
(1)越西盆地在地貌上具有明显的不对称性。盆地尔侧可以识别出5个地貌单元:河漫滩、冲洪积扇和三级阶地,而西侧仅有河漫滩和二级阶地三个地貌单元。越西断裂沿着盆地的东边缘展布,它控制着盆地的构造演化过程;
(2)通过对盆地东缘跨断层陡坎的测量以及年代学研究,得出越西断裂平均垂直位移速率为:1.30 mm/a;
(3)利用平衡剖面方法结合误差分析得出研究区的地壳平均缩短量为10.9±1.6km,缩短率为17.8±2.2%。研究区发生缩短变形的时间段主要集中在中新世和上新世(12-3.4Ma),据此估算出研究区地壳缩短速率为1.3±0.2mm/a。对比沿大凉山断裂带的左旋滑动量,可以看出这种褶皱形式的地壳缩短在沿鲜水河-小江断裂系向南东方向传递左旋位移的过程中起着重要的作用;
(4)大凉山断裂带在越西盆地的滑动速率约为3.1mm/a,在一定程度上弥补了鲜水河-小江断裂带中间段滑动速率的缺失;
Active tectonics refers to all structures which have been active since the late Pleistocene, 100-120 ka, are still active recently, and will be active in a certain time period in the future. It includes active faults, active folds, active basins, active volcanoes, and the crustal-lithospheric blocks confined by them.
A prominent scientific problem in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region is: How to allocate the deformation caused by the sinistral strike-slip motion of the NW trending Xianshuihe fault among several NS trending faults southward of Shimian. Understanding this problem is not only important to recognize the tectonic deformation of the Sichuan-Yunnan region, but also important to estimate the seismic risk of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Finely quantitative research on the landforms in the Yuexi basin is important to recognize the evolution of the Yuexi basin and the kinematic features of the active tectonics in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Yuexi basin, having an ellipse shape, lying in the western of Sichuan Province between Xiaoxiangling and Daliangshan, is a basin of tectonic origin, and is controlled by the Yuexi reverse fault which belonging to the the Daliangshan fault. The Yuexi river is running through the basin from south to north.
This thesis tries to deep analysis the tectonic evolution of the Yuexi basin by quantitative research the tectonic landforms in the Yuexi basin, in order to further understand the activity of the Xianshui-Xiaojiang faults, the crust motion and tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau, then we can provide proof to understand the deformation caused by the sinistral strike-slip motion of the Xianshuihe fault and how to allocated the deformation among several NS trending faults southward of Shimian.
Based on the ideas for topic selection, the study contents and the used approach of this work are summarized as follows:
(1)By aerial image interpretation and analysis of the topographic map and geological map, I compile the map of the geomorphologic division of regions.
(2)Four balanced geological sections are drwan, i.e. two profiles in the Yuexi basin and two in the southern of the basin, then the crustal shortening amount and shortening rate in the basin and the Daliangshan zone are obtained.
(3) I get the vertical displacement rate by making measurements on typical tectonic deformation, comparing the height of terrace (T2) on both side of the Yuexi river and combining the results of the luminescence dating.
(4) By calculation the movement rate of the Yuexi fault and Puxiong fault, I analyze the important part of the study of active tectonics in Yuexi Basin in resolving the question about the missing of slip rate in the middle part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
(5) The thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of evolution history of the Yuexi basin and its important implication in recognition of the kinematic features of active tectonic of the Tibet Plateau.
The main conclusions of the work are as follows:
(1) The development of landform in the basin show obviously asymmetric, which is mainly distributed in the eastern part of the basin. The Yuexi thrust strikes along the east boundary of the Yuexi basin. Field survey and aerial image interpretation, suggested that there are at least five geomorphic units in the east part of the basin: floodplain, alluvial fan and three terraces. In western basin, there are only three geomorphic units: floodplain and two terraces. TheYuexi basin is a fault-bounded basin, which is controlled by the Yuexi reverse fault which lies in the east boundary of the Yuexi basin.
(2) Based on surveying of geomorphology ,combined with analyzing and contrasting of sample ages, the thrusting rate of the Yuexi reverse fault is estimated to be 1.30mm/a.
(3) It is estimated that the average crust shortening in the Daliangshan zone is 10.9±1.6 km and the crust shortening rate is 17.8±2.2 % by using balanced cross-sections. The crustal shortening by folding occurred mainly in the Miocene and the Pliocene, lasting no more than 8.6 Ma. Then, the crustal shortening velocity of 1.3±0.2 mm/a can be estimated. Comparing with the left offset along the Daliangshan fault zone, it is recognized that the crustal shortening by folding plays an important part in transferring crust deformation southeastward along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
(4)The slip rate of Daliangshan fault zone in the Yuexi Basin is 3.1 mm/a, which is important to resolve the miss of slip rate in the middle part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
存在于川滇地区的一个突出的科学问题是:由北西向鲜水河断裂左旋走滑运动产生的变形,在石棉以南几条近南北向的断裂之间是如何分配的。对这一问题的理解,不仅对认识该地区构造变形有重要意义,也对科学地评价该地区地震危险性有积极的作用。定量化构造地貌研究不仅对于认识盆地本身的演化历史,而且对于认识青藏高原南东边界带活动构造的运动学特征都具有重要的意义。位于小相岭和大凉山之间的越西盆地为一构造成因盆地,发育于大凉山断裂带的越西断裂西侧并受该断层控制,呈南北长轴椭圆状展布,越西河白南向北贯穿盆地。
本文试图通过对越西盆地构造地貌的定量化研究,深入分析越西盆地新生代以来的构造演化,为进一步认识鲜水河一小江断裂带的活动性以及青藏高原的地壳运动和构造变形,为理解鲜水河断裂左旋走滑运动产生的变形,在石棉以南是如何分配的提供依据。
论文完成的主要工作:
(1)通过对越西盆地航片解译和相关地形图的分析,编制了研究区地貌分区图;
(2)选择四条横跨大凉山断裂的地质剖面,进行平衡剖面分析,估计出大凉山地区新生代的地壳缩短量及缩短速率;
(3)对重要的构造变形进行地形测量,并在对比得出越西河两岸T2阶地高差的基础上,结合地貌面释光测年结果得出越西断裂垂直位移速率;
(4)根据越西盆地及普雄断裂的运动速率,分析了鲜水河-小江断裂带中段滑动速率的部分分配方式;
(5)综合分析了越西盆地的构造演化历史及其对于认识青藏高原活动构造运动学特征的意义。
论文的主要结论:
(1)越西盆地在地貌上具有明显的不对称性。盆地尔侧可以识别出5个地貌单元:河漫滩、冲洪积扇和三级阶地,而西侧仅有河漫滩和二级阶地三个地貌单元。越西断裂沿着盆地的东边缘展布,它控制着盆地的构造演化过程;
(2)通过对盆地东缘跨断层陡坎的测量以及年代学研究,得出越西断裂平均垂直位移速率为:1.30 mm/a;
(3)利用平衡剖面方法结合误差分析得出研究区的地壳平均缩短量为10.9±1.6km,缩短率为17.8±2.2%。研究区发生缩短变形的时间段主要集中在中新世和上新世(12-3.4Ma),据此估算出研究区地壳缩短速率为1.3±0.2mm/a。对比沿大凉山断裂带的左旋滑动量,可以看出这种褶皱形式的地壳缩短在沿鲜水河-小江断裂系向南东方向传递左旋位移的过程中起着重要的作用;
(4)大凉山断裂带在越西盆地的滑动速率约为3.1mm/a,在一定程度上弥补了鲜水河-小江断裂带中间段滑动速率的缺失;
Active tectonics refers to all structures which have been active since the late Pleistocene, 100-120 ka, are still active recently, and will be active in a certain time period in the future. It includes active faults, active folds, active basins, active volcanoes, and the crustal-lithospheric blocks confined by them.
A prominent scientific problem in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region is: How to allocate the deformation caused by the sinistral strike-slip motion of the NW trending Xianshuihe fault among several NS trending faults southward of Shimian. Understanding this problem is not only important to recognize the tectonic deformation of the Sichuan-Yunnan region, but also important to estimate the seismic risk of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Finely quantitative research on the landforms in the Yuexi basin is important to recognize the evolution of the Yuexi basin and the kinematic features of the active tectonics in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Yuexi basin, having an ellipse shape, lying in the western of Sichuan Province between Xiaoxiangling and Daliangshan, is a basin of tectonic origin, and is controlled by the Yuexi reverse fault which belonging to the the Daliangshan fault. The Yuexi river is running through the basin from south to north.
This thesis tries to deep analysis the tectonic evolution of the Yuexi basin by quantitative research the tectonic landforms in the Yuexi basin, in order to further understand the activity of the Xianshui-Xiaojiang faults, the crust motion and tectonic deformation of the Tibetan Plateau, then we can provide proof to understand the deformation caused by the sinistral strike-slip motion of the Xianshuihe fault and how to allocated the deformation among several NS trending faults southward of Shimian.
Based on the ideas for topic selection, the study contents and the used approach of this work are summarized as follows:
(1)By aerial image interpretation and analysis of the topographic map and geological map, I compile the map of the geomorphologic division of regions.
(2)Four balanced geological sections are drwan, i.e. two profiles in the Yuexi basin and two in the southern of the basin, then the crustal shortening amount and shortening rate in the basin and the Daliangshan zone are obtained.
(3) I get the vertical displacement rate by making measurements on typical tectonic deformation, comparing the height of terrace (T2) on both side of the Yuexi river and combining the results of the luminescence dating.
(4) By calculation the movement rate of the Yuexi fault and Puxiong fault, I analyze the important part of the study of active tectonics in Yuexi Basin in resolving the question about the missing of slip rate in the middle part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
(5) The thesis makes a comprehensive analysis of evolution history of the Yuexi basin and its important implication in recognition of the kinematic features of active tectonic of the Tibet Plateau.
The main conclusions of the work are as follows:
(1) The development of landform in the basin show obviously asymmetric, which is mainly distributed in the eastern part of the basin. The Yuexi thrust strikes along the east boundary of the Yuexi basin. Field survey and aerial image interpretation, suggested that there are at least five geomorphic units in the east part of the basin: floodplain, alluvial fan and three terraces. In western basin, there are only three geomorphic units: floodplain and two terraces. TheYuexi basin is a fault-bounded basin, which is controlled by the Yuexi reverse fault which lies in the east boundary of the Yuexi basin.
(2) Based on surveying of geomorphology ,combined with analyzing and contrasting of sample ages, the thrusting rate of the Yuexi reverse fault is estimated to be 1.30mm/a.
(3) It is estimated that the average crust shortening in the Daliangshan zone is 10.9±1.6 km and the crust shortening rate is 17.8±2.2 % by using balanced cross-sections. The crustal shortening by folding occurred mainly in the Miocene and the Pliocene, lasting no more than 8.6 Ma. Then, the crustal shortening velocity of 1.3±0.2 mm/a can be estimated. Comparing with the left offset along the Daliangshan fault zone, it is recognized that the crustal shortening by folding plays an important part in transferring crust deformation southeastward along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
(4)The slip rate of Daliangshan fault zone in the Yuexi Basin is 3.1 mm/a, which is important to resolve the miss of slip rate in the middle part of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.
引文
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