～(39)Ar-～(40)Ar定年技术及其在青藏高原多期地质事件年代学中的应用研究
|
摘要
青藏高原倍受世界各国地质学家的关注。在青藏高原地质研究中，其演化的时间格架是重要内容之一。长期以来，科学家们在年代学方面做了大量工作，但因为缺乏系统性，致使多期地质事件的同位素年代制约精度很差。本文首先从常规~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar阶段升温定年实验室的改进入手，进而建立了激光~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar定年实验室，利用这两种先进同位素地质定年方法，结合其他手段，对青藏高原腹地和北缘的阿尔金断裂系多期地质事件进行了详细的同位素年代学研究：
一、参照国际先进实验室的流程，对我们的常规~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar阶段升温实验室在样品的预处理、样品的照射条件和系统空白测量及校正等方面进行了改进，使之产出的同位素年代数据更可靠并为国际同行所承认。
二、通过实验设备配制、样品对激光吸收能力试验、高真空熔样室设计加工、样品加工、样品照射及J值研究、干扰核反应校正、系统空白测定和实验流程的探索利优化等工作，建立起激光~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar定年实验室。用该方法可做如下工作：1．实现了微量样品乃至于单颗粒矿物测年和在岩石光片上寻找待测矿物直接进行微区(几十微米—几百微米)~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar测年。2．进行年轻样的~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar年龄分析。3．利用连续激光能量连续可调之特性进行矿物阶段升温测年。
三、在花岗岩类岩石成因判别的基础上，应用多种同位素测年手段，较为精确地测定了青藏高原腹地中生代以来板块俯冲、地体拼合碰撞及后期陆内演化等多期地质事件的时代及确定了阿尔金断裂形成时代和后期三次大规模活化的时代，初步建立起青藏高原中生代以来地质演化的同位素年代格架(把青藏高原腹地及其北缘中生代以来发生的板块俯冲、会聚、地体磁撞造山及后期陆内演化等大、中、小各期地质事件分成以下四大期十二小期)：
Ⅰ期：240-212Ma，板块俯冲；地体碰撞；岩浆侵位；阿尔金断裂形成。
Ⅰ_1：240-(＞)220Ma，巴颜喀拉洋壳向昆仑地体俯冲，以昆仑岩带和阿尼玛卿岩带中CAG型岩浆侵位为标志；阿尔金剪切作用发生。
Ⅰ_2：227-218Ma，巴颜喀拉和羌塘之间洋壳俯冲，以金沙江岩带IAG型岩浆侵位为标志。
Ⅰ_3：217-212Ma，造山后期岩浆侵位。以POG型花岗岩在巴颜喀拉地体内大量生成、在阿尼玛卿岩带中较多出现、在昆仑岩带利金沙江岩带少量出现为标志。
Ⅱ期：160-140Ma，断裂系活动；金沙江、东昆仑剪切作用发生；部分岩体动力变质变形。动力来源于拉萨地体和羌塘地体的碰撞。
Ⅱ_1：160-155Ma，金沙江岩带发生剪切变形，岩体局部糜棱岩化。
Ⅱ_2：150-145Ma，昆仑岩带、阿尼玛卿岩带岩石发生动力变质变形，岩体局部糜棱岩化。
Ⅲ_3：157-140Ma 阿尔金断裂系活化；大范围碱性岩浆侵位
中国地质大学（北京）博士论文
Ill期：120习0 Ma，强度不高但范围广泛的动、热构造事件发生。
断裂系、剪切带再活动。动力来源于北部。
Ill：120－100Ma，昆仑岩带、阿尼玛卿岩带部分岩体中矿物氟同位素体系重设。
Illa：119－90Ma 阿尔金断裂再次活动。
Illa：110－90 Ma 金沙江断裂再次活动。
IV期：45 Ma以来，高原快速抬升；断裂系活化，产生大规模走滑活动；
岩体或被断层切割、迁移，或抬升剥蚀。
IVI：45－25MI，岩体和整个青藏高原一起呈周期性的、脉动式抬升。
IVZ：～25M2，岩体揭顶。
IVs：25Ma以来，岩体剥蚀。
1. To improve the classic 40Ar/39 Ar dating technique
The 40Ar/39Ar dating technique is developed from the conventional K-Ar method. Several studies display that geological events sometimes result in excess Ar component within the minerals and often result in radiogenic Ar loss. In the two cases, the wrong ages obtained from the classical K-Ar method are higher than the true age (excess Ar present) or lower than the true age (radiogenic Ar loss). However, in the 40Ar/39Ar stepwise incremental heating method, the calculation technique of plateau age can avoid this error. Therefore, this method is especially useful for dating rocks that have undergone complex thermo-tectonic history in polymetamorphic areas. By improving the technique of sample preparing, sample irradiation in the nuclear reactor and correction of blanks, our laboratory has ability to produce more and more high precision ages of 40Ar/39Ar.
2. Fundamental of laser 40Ar/39Ar dating method:
Our Laboratory has successfully set up the laser microprobe 40Ar/39Ar geological dating method. Our works include adjustment of the high-gain electron multiplier in mass spectrometer and correction of mass discrimination, adjustment of the Laser, test for absorption ability of minerals to laser, designing and manufacturing high-vacuum sample chamber, sample preparation and irradiation, research on the variability of J values on the surface of rock chips, measuring atmospheric argon, determination and correction of blanks and ages, etc.
The laser microprobe technique is particularly effective for some geological samples. It can be used, for example, for research of distribution of the components in extremely small samples that are very difficult to be separated and purified and those which contain excess argon. If samples contain different generation of mineral fragments of same mineralogical species, then it is possible to analyze the different generation of minerals and receive information about their ages and migration of Ar isotopes during mineral grains were fully or partly recrystallized.
3. Isotope geochronology study in the central part of the Tibetan plateau
The central part of the Tibetan Plateau is consists of the Kunlun Terrane, Bayanhar Terrane, Qiantang Terrane and Lhasa Terrane . On the north of it is the Qaidam Basin. This area was controlled by four large-scale faults: South Kunlun suture, Jinsshajiang suture, Bangonghu Suture and Yaluzangbu suture.
This area has undergone polymetamorphism and deformation and at least three periods of magmatism. Continuous activities of magmatism, metamorphism were mainly controlled by collision of the Terranes. Combining the isotope geochronological results with the fieldwork observations, we could draw some conclusions as follows:
The Kunlun-Bayan Har terranes experienced the subduction of oceanic crust and collision somewhat earlier than the Bayan Har-Qiangtang terranes, with only a very short interval in between and even the collisions overlapped partially in time.
In the northern part, the oceanic crust occurring between the Bayan Har and Kunlun terranes started subduction from south to north at about 243 Ma, and did not stop until the development of post-orogenic POG-type granite in the Bayan Har terrane at 220 Ma, thus illustrating the orogeny in the form of subduction and collision kept active for over 20 Ma. But it remains to be identified whether the Bayan Har terrane collided with the Kunlun immediately after the termination of the subduction. Although the layers uplifted nearly 2 km prior to the emplacement of POG type granite in Xidatan and Xiaonanchuan, it can not be confirmed that there occurred large scale collision within the Kunlun terrane, since no continent-continent collision-related granites (CCG type) were found in the East Kunlun rock belt.
In the Jinshajiang suture zone, it lasted only a span of 9 Ma from the start of subduction (marked by the eruption of andesitic magmas and intrusion of intermediate rock of IAG type at about 227 Ma) to the end of subduction, con
一、参照国际先进实验室的流程，对我们的常规~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar阶段升温实验室在样品的预处理、样品的照射条件和系统空白测量及校正等方面进行了改进，使之产出的同位素年代数据更可靠并为国际同行所承认。
二、通过实验设备配制、样品对激光吸收能力试验、高真空熔样室设计加工、样品加工、样品照射及J值研究、干扰核反应校正、系统空白测定和实验流程的探索利优化等工作，建立起激光~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar定年实验室。用该方法可做如下工作：1．实现了微量样品乃至于单颗粒矿物测年和在岩石光片上寻找待测矿物直接进行微区(几十微米—几百微米)~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar测年。2．进行年轻样的~(40)Ar／~(39)Ar年龄分析。3．利用连续激光能量连续可调之特性进行矿物阶段升温测年。
三、在花岗岩类岩石成因判别的基础上，应用多种同位素测年手段，较为精确地测定了青藏高原腹地中生代以来板块俯冲、地体拼合碰撞及后期陆内演化等多期地质事件的时代及确定了阿尔金断裂形成时代和后期三次大规模活化的时代，初步建立起青藏高原中生代以来地质演化的同位素年代格架(把青藏高原腹地及其北缘中生代以来发生的板块俯冲、会聚、地体磁撞造山及后期陆内演化等大、中、小各期地质事件分成以下四大期十二小期)：
Ⅰ期：240-212Ma，板块俯冲；地体碰撞；岩浆侵位；阿尔金断裂形成。
Ⅰ_1：240-(＞)220Ma，巴颜喀拉洋壳向昆仑地体俯冲，以昆仑岩带和阿尼玛卿岩带中CAG型岩浆侵位为标志；阿尔金剪切作用发生。
Ⅰ_2：227-218Ma，巴颜喀拉和羌塘之间洋壳俯冲，以金沙江岩带IAG型岩浆侵位为标志。
Ⅰ_3：217-212Ma，造山后期岩浆侵位。以POG型花岗岩在巴颜喀拉地体内大量生成、在阿尼玛卿岩带中较多出现、在昆仑岩带利金沙江岩带少量出现为标志。
Ⅱ期：160-140Ma，断裂系活动；金沙江、东昆仑剪切作用发生；部分岩体动力变质变形。动力来源于拉萨地体和羌塘地体的碰撞。
Ⅱ_1：160-155Ma，金沙江岩带发生剪切变形，岩体局部糜棱岩化。
Ⅱ_2：150-145Ma，昆仑岩带、阿尼玛卿岩带岩石发生动力变质变形，岩体局部糜棱岩化。
Ⅲ_3：157-140Ma 阿尔金断裂系活化；大范围碱性岩浆侵位
中国地质大学（北京）博士论文
Ill期：120习0 Ma，强度不高但范围广泛的动、热构造事件发生。
断裂系、剪切带再活动。动力来源于北部。
Ill：120－100Ma，昆仑岩带、阿尼玛卿岩带部分岩体中矿物氟同位素体系重设。
Illa：119－90Ma 阿尔金断裂再次活动。
Illa：110－90 Ma 金沙江断裂再次活动。
IV期：45 Ma以来，高原快速抬升；断裂系活化，产生大规模走滑活动；
岩体或被断层切割、迁移，或抬升剥蚀。
IVI：45－25MI，岩体和整个青藏高原一起呈周期性的、脉动式抬升。
IVZ：～25M2，岩体揭顶。
IVs：25Ma以来，岩体剥蚀。
1. To improve the classic 40Ar/39 Ar dating technique
The 40Ar/39Ar dating technique is developed from the conventional K-Ar method. Several studies display that geological events sometimes result in excess Ar component within the minerals and often result in radiogenic Ar loss. In the two cases, the wrong ages obtained from the classical K-Ar method are higher than the true age (excess Ar present) or lower than the true age (radiogenic Ar loss). However, in the 40Ar/39Ar stepwise incremental heating method, the calculation technique of plateau age can avoid this error. Therefore, this method is especially useful for dating rocks that have undergone complex thermo-tectonic history in polymetamorphic areas. By improving the technique of sample preparing, sample irradiation in the nuclear reactor and correction of blanks, our laboratory has ability to produce more and more high precision ages of 40Ar/39Ar.
2. Fundamental of laser 40Ar/39Ar dating method:
Our Laboratory has successfully set up the laser microprobe 40Ar/39Ar geological dating method. Our works include adjustment of the high-gain electron multiplier in mass spectrometer and correction of mass discrimination, adjustment of the Laser, test for absorption ability of minerals to laser, designing and manufacturing high-vacuum sample chamber, sample preparation and irradiation, research on the variability of J values on the surface of rock chips, measuring atmospheric argon, determination and correction of blanks and ages, etc.
The laser microprobe technique is particularly effective for some geological samples. It can be used, for example, for research of distribution of the components in extremely small samples that are very difficult to be separated and purified and those which contain excess argon. If samples contain different generation of mineral fragments of same mineralogical species, then it is possible to analyze the different generation of minerals and receive information about their ages and migration of Ar isotopes during mineral grains were fully or partly recrystallized.
3. Isotope geochronology study in the central part of the Tibetan plateau
The central part of the Tibetan Plateau is consists of the Kunlun Terrane, Bayanhar Terrane, Qiantang Terrane and Lhasa Terrane . On the north of it is the Qaidam Basin. This area was controlled by four large-scale faults: South Kunlun suture, Jinsshajiang suture, Bangonghu Suture and Yaluzangbu suture.
This area has undergone polymetamorphism and deformation and at least three periods of magmatism. Continuous activities of magmatism, metamorphism were mainly controlled by collision of the Terranes. Combining the isotope geochronological results with the fieldwork observations, we could draw some conclusions as follows:
The Kunlun-Bayan Har terranes experienced the subduction of oceanic crust and collision somewhat earlier than the Bayan Har-Qiangtang terranes, with only a very short interval in between and even the collisions overlapped partially in time.
In the northern part, the oceanic crust occurring between the Bayan Har and Kunlun terranes started subduction from south to north at about 243 Ma, and did not stop until the development of post-orogenic POG-type granite in the Bayan Har terrane at 220 Ma, thus illustrating the orogeny in the form of subduction and collision kept active for over 20 Ma. But it remains to be identified whether the Bayan Har terrane collided with the Kunlun immediately after the termination of the subduction. Although the layers uplifted nearly 2 km prior to the emplacement of POG type granite in Xidatan and Xiaonanchuan, it can not be confirmed that there occurred large scale collision within the Kunlun terrane, since no continent-continent collision-related granites (CCG type) were found in the East Kunlun rock belt.
In the Jinshajiang suture zone, it lasted only a span of 9 Ma from the start of subduction (marked by the eruption of andesitic magmas and intrusion of intermediate rock of IAG type at about 227 Ma) to the end of subduction, con
引文
柏美祥，1992，阿尔金活动断裂带的运动学和动力学特征。新疆地质，第10卷，第1期，第57～61页。
常承法，Shackleton,R.M.,Deway,J.F.,孙亦因，青藏高原的构造。中英青藏高原综合地质考察队：青藏高原地质演化。北京：科学出版社，1990，384～415。
陈富文，李华芹，王登红，蔡红，陈文，1998，中国阿尔泰造山带燕山期成岩成矿同位素年代学新证据，科学通报，第44卷，第11期，第1142-1147页。
陈文寄，T.M.Harrison,M.T.Heizler,O.M.Lovera，1993，钾长石中过剩~(40)Ar的校正-~(40)Ar_F与Cl的相关性及其应用，《壳幔演化与成岩成矿同位素地球化学》，地震出版社，第174页。
陈文寄，哈里森TM洛弗拉O.M1992．哀牢山-红河剪切带的热年代学研究-多重扩散域模式的应用实例，地震地质，14(2)：121-128．
陈文寄，李齐，郝杰等．1997．冈底斯岩带热演化史的MDD模式新证据Ⅰ．地质学报(增刊)，18：86-88．
陈文寄，李齐，郝杰等．1998．冈底斯岩带热演化史的MDD模式新证据Ⅱ．科学通报，43(21)：2332-2335．
陈文寄，李齐，马宗晋．1996．构造非平稳运动定量研究的MDD模式制约．地球科学，21(3)：277-279．
陈文寄，李齐，汪一鹏，1996．．哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带中新世抬升的时间序列．地质论评，42(5)：385-390．
陈文寄，李齐，周新华等．1996．西藏高原南部两次快速冷却事件的构造含义．地震地质，18(2)：109-115．
程裕淇主编，1994，中国区域地质概论。地质出版社。
陈文，N.Arnaud(法国)，1997，巴颜喀拉地体POG型花岗岩同位素年代学研究，地球学报，第18卷，第3期，第261-266页。
陈文，1994，激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年方法研究，地球学报，No．1-2，第197-205页。
陈文，葛肖虹，叶慧文，刘新宇，刘永江，张思红。2000。用激光微区定年技术测定阿尔金断裂系多期活动的时代。质谱学报，第21卷，第3，4期，第189-120页。
陈文，郭彦如，崔彬，刘新宇，张思红。2001。基于MM1200B质谱系统的MDD模式~(40)Ar/~39)Ar实验技术及其在阿尔金山中生代冷却史研究中的应用。质谱学报，第22卷第3期，第8-14页。
陈文，郭彦如，崔彬，N.,Arnaud。2002a。东昆仑西大滩岩系变质和变形事件的同位素年代学研究。地质论评，第48卷，增刊(待刊)。
陈文，刘新宇，张思红。2002b。连续激光阶段升温~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar地质年代测定方法研究。地质论评，第48卷，增刊(待刊)。
崔彬，赵磊，2002，铜官山铜矿床石榴石成因矿物学研究，地质论评，增刊。
崔彬，赵磊，2002，湘南东坡矿田钨锡成矿系列硫同位素特征，地质论评，增刊。
崔军文，1986，藏南若干阿尔卑斯橄榄岩体的变形。地质学报，第60卷，第1期，第44～54页。
崔军文，1987a，哀牢山变质岩的原岩建造及其构造意义。中国区域地质，第4期，第349～358页。
崔军文，1987b，藏南超基性岩的塑性流变。中国地质科学院院报，第17号，89～101页。
崔军文，1992，青藏高原的伸展构造及对建立陆内碰撞模式的意义。中国地质学会主编，“七*五”地质科技重要成果学术交流会议论文选集，第152～155页，北京科学技术出版社。
崔军文，1994a，岩石圈深层扩张和青藏高原隆升——岩石圈深层扩张模式初论。地质论评，第40卷，第2期，第106～110页。
崔军文，1996，阿尔金选区大陆科学钻探意义。许志琴，耿瑞伦等主编，中国大陆科学钻探先行研究。第211～217页。地质出版社。
崔军文，1997，喜马拉雅碰撞带的构造演化。地质学报，第71卷，第2期，105～112页。
崔军文，唐哲民，邓晋福，岳永君，孟令顺，余钦范，阿尔金断裂系，地质出版社，1998．1～249。
崔军文、武长得、朱红，1994b，青藏高原的构造演化和喜马拉雅隆升的动力机制。
崔军文、武长得、朱红、邓宗策、冯晓枫，1990，喜马拉雅碰撞带陆壳增厚和隆升机制。中国地质科学院院报，第21号，第55～65页。
崔军文、朱红、武长德等。青藏高原岩石圈变形及其动力学，北京：地质出版社，1992。
丁国瑜，1995，阿尔金活断层的古地震与分段。第四纪研究，第2期，第97～106页。
甘肃省地质矿产局，1989，甘肃省区域地质志。地质出版社。
高延林、吴向农、左国朝、张国伟，1990，关于中国南北板块界线的新认识—昆仑-秦岭缝合带。中国地质学会构造专业委员会：造山带、盆地、球太平洋构造，第7～15页，地质出版社。
葛肖虹，1992，阿尔金断裂与西北大地构造格局的新认识。地球科学进展，中国地质大学出版社。
姜春发、杨经绥、冯秉贵、朱直之、赵民、柴耀楚，1992，昆仑开合构造。地质出版社。
金成伟、N.B.W.Harris、许荣华、C.L.Lewis。拉萨至格尔木的深成岩。青藏高原地质演化，北京：科学出版社，1990，第141-173页。
李春昱、王荃、刘雪亚、汤耀庆，1982，亚洲大地构造图。地图出版社。
李廷栋，1995，青藏高原隆升的过程和机制。地球学报，第1期，第1～9页。
刘良、车自成、罗金海、王焰、向章鉴，1996，阿尔金山西段榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义。科学通报，第41卷，第16期，第1485～1488页。
马杏垣主编，1992，中国岩石圈动力学地图集，中国地图出版社。
马宗晋，张家声，汪一朋，青藏高原三维变形运动学的时段划分和新构造分区。地质学报，1998。72(3)，211～227。
孟令顺、高锐等，1992，青藏高原重力测量与岩石圈构造。地质出版社。
潘桂棠、王培生、徐耀荣、焦淑沛、向元秀，1990，青藏高原新生代构造演化。地质出版社。
青海省地质矿产局，1991，青海省区域地质志。北京：地质出版社。
邱华宁、戴撞谟，~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法测定矿物流体包裹体年龄。科学通报，1989，34(9)：687-689。
任纪舜、姜春发、张正坤、秦德余等，1980，中国大地构造及其演化。科学出版社。
孙桂英、张德全、徐洪林。格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域花岗岩类的岩石化学特征与构造环境判别。地球物理学报，1995，第38卷，增刊Ⅱ，第145-158页。
唐哲民、崔军文，1996，青藏高原北缘新构造运动特征。新疆地质，14(3)：213～220。
王鸿祯、刘本培、李思田，1990，中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发育阶段。王鸿祯、杨森南、刘本培主编，中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理，第3～34页，中国地质大学出版社。
王乃文，1984，青藏印度古陆及其与华夏古陆的拼合。中法喜马拉雅考察成果，第39～62页，地质出版社。
王松山，桑海清，裘冀，1997，Ar-Ar等时线的局限及Cl-Ar等时线的潜力，地球学报，第18卷，增刊，第272-274页。
王松山等，Gordani,U.G.,1991．氩—氩定年法国际标准物质BSP-1角闪石的研制、专著。
吴汉泉，1982，北祁连高压变质带的岩石学及矿物学。西安地矿所所刊，4(7)：5～21。
西藏自治区地质矿产局，1993，西藏自治区区域地质志。地质出版社。
肖庆辉等，1993，当代地质科学前沿。中国地质大学出版社。
肖序常、陈国铭、朱志直，1978，祁连山古蛇绿岩的地质意义。地质学报，52(4)：281～295。
肖序常、李廷栋、李光岑、常承法，1988，喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论。地质出版社。
肖序常、高延林，1986，再论青藏高原的板块构造。中国地质科学院院报，14：7～19。
许荣华、N.B.W.Harris、C.L.Lewis、C.J.Hawkesworth、张玉泉。拉萨至格尔木的同位素地球化学。青藏高原地质演化，北京：科学出版社，1990，第282-302页。
许荣华、张玉泉、谢应雯、陈福坤，Ph.Vidal.N.Amaud,张巧大、赵敦敏，1994，西昆仑山北部早古生代构造岩浆带的发现。地质科学，第29卷，第4期，第313～328页。
许志琴，韧性推覆剪切带及喜马拉雅山链的变形机制。喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论，北京：地质出版社，1988，121～140。
许志琴、崔军文，1996，大陆山链变形构造动力学。冶金工业出版社。
许志琴、徐惠芬、张建新等，1994，北祁连走廊南山加里东俯冲杂岩增生地体及其动力学。地质学报，第68卷，第1期，第1～15页。
许志琴、张建新、徐惠芬等，1997，中国主要大陆山链韧性剪切带及动力学。地质出版社。
杨经绥、柴耀楚等。东昆仑万宝沟群中的基性火山岩特征及其成冈探讨。岩石矿物学杂志，1987，第2期，第121-130页。
杨经绥、许志琴等，1998，我国西部柴北缘地区发现榴辉岩。科学通报，第43卷，第14期，第1544～1548页。
袁见齐，朱上庆，翟裕生，1985，矿床学。北京：地质出版社。
岳永君，1996。青藏高原北缘的沉积岩和花岗岩。《阿尔金断裂系》课题评审报告，第35页。
曾融生，朱介寿，周兵，青藏高原及其东部邻区的三维地震波速度结构与大陆碰撞模型。地震学报，1992，14(增刊)，523～533。
翟裕生，1981，矿床学的研究现状和展望。地球科学。
翟裕生，林新多，1993，矿田构造学。北京：地质出版社。
翟裕生，张湖，宋鸿林，邓军，1997，大型构造与超大型矿床，北京：地质出版社。
张德全、孙桂英。关于花岗岩成因分类的讨论。中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊，1986，第15号，第58-65页。
张德全、孙桂英。中国东部花岗岩，武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1988。
张以絈，1993，青藏高原北部地质构造演化初论。青海地质，第2卷，第2期，第1～7页。
张治洮，1985，阿尔金断裂的地质特征。中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊，9：20～31。
郑剑东，1988a，阿尔金断裂与大陆走滑断裂。内陆地震，第2卷，第2期，第123～130页。
郑剑东，青藏高原地球动力学初探。现代地质，1988b，2(2)：194～206。
钟大赉、丁林，1996，青藏高原隆升过程及其机制探讨。中国科学(D辑)，第26卷，第4期，第289～295页。
朱志澄，1991，逆冲推覆构造。中国地质大学出版社。
左国朝、何国琦，1990，北山板块构造及成矿。北京大学出版社。
Albarede, F., 1978, The recovery of spatial isotope distributions from step-wise degassing data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 39, p. 387-397.
Aldrich, L T.,and A. O. Nier (1948)Argon 40 in potassium minerals. Phys. Rev.,74, 876-877.
Alexander, E. C., Jr. and D. W. Schwartzman, 1976, Argon isotopic evolution of upper mantle. Nature, 259,104-106.
Allegre, C. J. and Ben Othman D., 1980, Nd-Sr isotopic relationship in granitoid rocks and continental crust development: a chemical approach to orogenesis. Nature 286, 335-342.
Allegre, C. J., Structure evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogenic belt. Nature, 1984, 307 (5946):17～22
An Yin and Harrison T. M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.Annu. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci, 2000, 28:211-280．
Arnaud N. O.and Kelley S., 1995a. Evidence for excess Ar during high pressure metamorphism in the Dora-Maira (Western Alps, Italy).Using a Ultra-Violet Laser Ablation Microprobe 40Ar/39Ar technique. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 121:1-11．
Arnaud, N., Brunei, M.,Malaville, J., Scharer, U., Chen Wen and Tapponnier, 1995b. Age and regime of deformation on the eastern Kunlun fault. Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet (Abstracts), p1, Universite Montpellier II et CNRS-INSU, FRANCE.
Beckinsale, R. D.,and N. H. Gale (1969) A reappraisal of the decay constants and branching ratio of 40K. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 6, 289-294．
Boundy, T. M., C.M.Hall, G.Li, 1997, Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneities and fluids in the deep crust: a 40Ar/39Ar laser ablation and TEM study of muscovites from a granulite-eclogite transition zone, E.P.S.L., 148:223-242．
Bray,C,J.,E.T.C.Spooner, C.M.Hall, D.York, T.M.Bills, and H.W.Krueger, 1987． Laser probe 40Ar/39Ar and conventional K/Ar dating of illites associated with the McClean unconformity-related uranium deposits, north Saskachewan, Canada, Can.J. Earth Sci. 24:10-23．
Brereton, N. R. (1970) Corrections for interfering isotopes in the 40Ar/39Ar dating method. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 8, 427-433．
Brereton, N. R. (1972) A reappraisal of the Ar40/Ar39 stepwise degassing technique. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 27,449-478．
Brown, G. C.. Cale-alkaline intrusive rocks:their deversity,evolution and relation to volcanic arcs. In Andesites (ed. R. S. Thorpe). New York and London: John Wiley and Sons, 1982,437-461．
Casnedi, R., Desio, A., Forcelle, F., Nicoletti, M. & Petrucciani, C. 1978 Absolute age of some granitoid rocks between Hindu Raj and Gilgit River. Rend. Sci. fis. mat. e nat. 64, 204-210．
Chang chenfa et al.. Preliminary conclusions of the Royal Socity and Academia Sinica 1985 geotraverse of Tibet. Nature, 1986, 323:501-507．
Chang Chengfa & Pan Yushen 1981 A brief discussion on the tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Proceedings on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, 1, 1-18． Beijing.
Chappll, B. W., and White, A. J. R.. Two contrasting granite type. Pacific Geol., 1974,8:293-305．
Chen Wen Xu Zhiqin, 1996, Using The Laser Microprobe 40Ar/39Ar Dating Technique and the 40Ar/39Ar Stepwise Incremental Heating Technique to Date the Ages of Xidatan Shear Zone(Kunlun Terrane, Tibetan Plateau), ACTA GEOSCIENTIA SINICA, Special Issue, pp228-232．
Chen Wen, 1995a, Research on laser microprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating. Proceedings of BCEIA, Beijing:
Peking University Press, B13．
Chen Wen, 1998, U-Pb and 39Ar-40Ar Laser Microprobe Dating of Xidatan Mylonite From South Kunlun Shear Zone, Northern Tibetan Plateau, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.43, Supplement, P23．
Chen Wen, Xu Zhiqing, 1995b, Isotope Geochronology of Magmatism, Metamorphism and Deformation in the Northern Margin of Tibetan Plateau : An Example from Golmud to Kunlun Pass, Symposium on Uplift, Deformation and Deep Structure of Northern Tibet, Universite Montpellier II et CNRS-INSU, France, p7．
Coleman, M. et al.. 1995． Evidence for Tibetan Plateau uplift before 14 My ago from a new minimum age for east-west extension. Nature, 374:49-52．
Copeland P, Harrison T M, Yun P, Kidd W S F, Roden M, Yuquan Z. 1995． Thermal evolution of the Gangdese batholith southern Tibet: A history of episodic unroofing. Tectonic, 14(2) :223-236
Coulon, C., Maluski, H., Bollinger, C. & Wang, S.. 1986． Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks from central and southern Tibet: 39Ar-40Ar deling, petrological characteristics and geodynamical signficance, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 80:281-302．
Cui Junwen and Xu Zhiqin, 1996, The Tethyan Himalayan orogenic complex. Institute of Geology, CAGS, Continental Dynamics, 1 (1) , p.20-29．
Dallmeyer, R. D. 1975． Ar40/Ar39 ages of biotite and hornblende from a progressively remetamorphosed basement terrane: Their bearing on interpretation of release spectra. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 39, 1655-1669．
Dallmeyer, R. D., J. F. Sutler, and D. J. Baker. 1975． Incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages of biotite and hornblende from the northeastern Reading Prong: Their bearing on late Proterozoic thermal and tectonic history. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 86,1435-1443．
Dalrymple, G. B. 1972． Potassium-argon dating of geomagnetic reversals and North American glaciations, 107-134． In Calibration of Hominoid Evolution, W. W. Bisnop and J. A. Miller, eds. Scott. Acad. Press.
Dalrymple, G. B. and J. G. Moore .1968． Argon-40: Excess in subinarine pillow basalts from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Science, 161, 1132-1135．
Dalrymple, G. B., and Duffield, W. A., 1988． High precision 39Ar-40Ar dating of Oligocene rhyolites from the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field using a continuous laser system, geophysical Research Letters, V. 15, P. 463-466．
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere. 1969． Potassium-Argon dating. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 258 p.
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere .1971． 40Ar/39Ar technique of K/Ar dating: A
comparison with the conventional technique. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 12, 300-308．
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere . 1974． 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial sample. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 715-738．
Dalrymple, G. B., R. D. Jarrard. And D. A. Clague . 1975． K-Ar age of some volcanic rocks from tne Cook and Austral Islands. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 86, 1463-1467．
Dalrymple, G.B., 1994． 40Ar/39Ar dating on a microscopic scale with a continuous laser system: a enlightening approach to geochronology. Abstracts of the 8th International Conferece on Geochronology, Cosmochromol ogy and Isotope Geology, 73．
Davies, G. F. , 1990． Mantle plumes, mantle stirring and hotspot chemistry. Earth Planet. Sci, Lett., 99, p.94-109．
Debon, R, Le Fort, P., Dantel, D., Sonet, J. & Zimmermann, J. L.. 1987． Granited of western Karakorum and northern Kohistan (Pakistan): A composite Mid-Cretaceous to Upper Cenozoic magmatism. Lithos.,20:19-40．
Debon, F., Le Fort, P., Sheppard, S. M. F. & Sonet J. 1986． The four plutonic belts of the Transhimalaya-Hinalaya: a chemical, mineralogical, isotopic and chromological synthesis along a Tibet-Nepal section. J. etrol. 27, 219-250．
Debon, F., Sonet, J., Lin Guohue, Jin Chengwei & Xu Ronghua 1982． Caracteres chimico-mineralogiques et datations par Rb-Sr des trois ceintures plutoniques du Tibet meridional. C. R. Acad Sci Paris 295, 213-218．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R., Halliday, A.N. and Pevear, D.R. 2000a. Thermal 40Ar/39Ar separation of diagenetic from detrital illitic clays in Gulf Coast shales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 175, 309-325．
Dong, H., Fredrickson, J. K.., Kennedy, D.W., Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K. and Onstort, T.C. 2000b. Mineral transformation associated with the microbial reduction of magnetite, Chemical Geology Special Volume on Advances in Geomicrobiology, 169, 299-318．
Dong, H., Onstott, T.C., DeFlaun, M.F., Fuller, M.E., Gillespie, K., and Fredrickson, J.K. 1999． Development of radiographic and microscopic techniques for the characterization of bacterial transport in intact sediment cores from Oyster, VA. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 37, 139-154．
Dong, H., Peacor, D.R., Murphy, S.F. 1998． TEM study of progressive alteration of igneous biotite to kaolinite throughout a weathered soil profile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 1881-1887．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Halliday, A.N. and Peacor, D.R. 1997a. 40Ar/39Ar illite dating of late Caledonian (Acadian) metamorphism and cooling of K-bentonites and slates from the Welsh Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150, 337-357．
Dong, H., Peacor, D.R. and Freed, R.L. 1997b. Phase relations among smectite, R1 I/S and illite. American Mineralogist, 82, 379-391．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Halliday, A.M. and Peacor, D.R. 1997c. Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of microgram-size illite samples and implication for thin section dating. Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta, 61, 3803-3808．
Dong, H. and Peacor, D.R. 1996． TEM observations of coherent stacking relations in smectite, I/S and illite of shales: evidence for MaEwan crystallites and dominance of 2M1 polytypism. Clays & Clay Minerals, 44, 257-275．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R. and Halliday, A.N. 1995． Mechanisms of argon retention in clays revealed by laser40Ar/39Ar dating. Science, 267, 355-359．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R. and Halliday, A.N., 1994． Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of bentonites and shale from Wales. Abstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology, p84．
Eichhorn, G., James, O. B., Schaeffer, O.A. and Muller, H. W., 1978． Laser 39Ar-40Ar dating of two clasts from consortium breccia 73215． Proc. 9th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., pp. 855-876．
Fechtig, H., and Kalbitzer, S., 1966, The diffusion of argon in potassium bearing solids, in Schaeffer, O.A., and Zahringer, J., eds., Potassium-Argon Dating: Heidelberg, Springer, p. 68-106．
Fitch, F. J., J. A. Miller, and J. G. Mitchell .1969． A new approach to radio-isotopic dating in erogenic belts. In Time and Place in Orogeny, P. E. Kent, G. E. Sattherthwaite, and A. M. Spencer, eds., Gool. Soc. Lond. Spee. Publ. No. 3, 157．
Gariepy, C., Allegre, C. J. & Xu Ronghua 1985 The Pb isotope geochemistry of granitoids from the Himalaya-Tibet collision zone: implications for crustal evolution. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 74, 220-234．
Glass,B.P.,C.M.Hall, and D.York, 1986． 40Ar/39Ar laser probe dating of North American tektite fragments from Barbados and the age of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, Chem. Geol., 59:181-186．
Guo Zhenfu, Deng Jinfu, Zhao Hailing, and Luo Zhaohua. Triassic Andes-type granitoid arc in the eastern Kunlun mountains, Qinghai province, north-western China. Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Hacker,B.R., Qingchen Wang, 1995, Ar/Ar geochronology of ultrahigh-pressure metamor-phism in central China, TECTONICS, Vol.14, No.4, pp994-1006．
Hall C. M., Frozen in time: imaging fossil argon concentration variations in micas using the laser 40Ar / 39Ar technique. Eos 73 (1992) 363．
Hames W. E , K. V. Hodges. Laser 40Ar / 39Ar evaluation of Slow cooling and episodic loss of Ar
from a sample of phymetamorphic muscovite. Science 261 (1993) 1721-1723．
Harris, N. B. W., Holland, T. J. B., and Tindle, A. G.. Metamorphic rock of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud, Phil. Printed in Great Britain, Trans. R. Soc. Lond.,1988a,A327:203-213．
Harris, N. B. W.,Xu Ronghua, Lewis, C. L., and Jin Chengwei. Plutonic rocks of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud, Phil. Printed in Great Britain, Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A326,1988b,145-168．
Harris，N．B．、T．J．B．Holland、A．G．Tindle。拉萨至格尔木的变质岩。青藏高原地质演化，北京： 科学出版社，1990，第206-216页。
Harrison T M, Chen wenji, Leloup P H, Ryerson F J, Tapponnier P, Scharer U. 1992a. An early Miocene transition in deformation regine the Red River fault Zone ,Yunnan, and its significance for Indo-Asian tectonics. J. Geophys. Res., 97(B5) :7159-7182．
Harrison T. M., Mark T., Copeland P., Kidd W. S. F., Yin A. Raising Tibet. Science, 1992b, 255,1663-1670．
Hart, S. R. 1964． The petrology and isotopic-mineral age relation of a contact zone in the Front Range, Colorado. J. Geol., 72, 493-525． .
Heizler M T, Lux D R, Decker E R. 1988, The age and cooling history of the China of Ponds and Big Island Pond Plutons and The Spider lake Granite, West-central Maine and Quebec. Am. J. Sci., 288:925-952．
Husain, L. (1974) 40Ar-Ar39 chronology and cosmic ray exposure ages of the Apollo 15 samples. J. Geophys, Res., 79, 2588-2606．
Husain, L., and O.A. Schaeffer (1973) Lunar volcanism: Age of the glass in the Apollo 17 orange soil. Science. 180． 1358-1360．
Husain,L., J. F. Sutter, and O. A. Schaeffer (1971) Ages of crystalline rocks from Fra Mauro. Science, 173, 1235-1236．
Husain,L., O. A. Schaeffer. and J. F. Sutter (1972) Age of lunar anorthosite. Science. 175, 428-430．
Jessbergr, E. K., Schaeffer, O.A., Warasila, R., Walker, R. and Lobotka, T., 1981． Unmasking "extra 40Ar in ALHA 77005 by the Laser extraction technique. Meteoritics, 16(4) : 331 (abstract).
Lanphere, M. A., and A. L. Albee(1974) 40Ar/39Ar age measurements in the Worcester Mountains: Evidence of Ordovician and Devonian metamorphic events in northern Vermont. Am. J. Sci. 274． 545-555．
Lanphere, M. A., and G. B. Dalrympie (1971) A test of the 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique on some terrestrial material. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 12． 359-372．
Layer, P.W., C.M.Hall, and D.York, 1987, The derivation of 40Ar/39Ar age spectre of single grains of hornblende and biotite by laser step-heating, Geophs. Res. Lett.(14) , 757-760．
Leloup P H, Harrison T M, Ryerson F J, Wenji Chen, Qi Li, Tapponnier P, Lacassin R. 1993． Strectural, Petrological and Thermal evolution of a Tertiary ductile strike-slip shear zone, Diancang shan, Yunnan, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B4) :6715-6743．
Li, J. et al., Palaeo-magnetic age and model series of at Cenozoic Era layer in Lingxia basin.Studies on the formation, evolution, environmental changes and ecosystems of Qinhai-Xizang plateau, Beijing:Science Press, 1994．
Li, J. et al.. Uplift of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau and global change.Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press, 1995:207．
Li, S., S. Wang, Y.Chen, 1994, Excess argon in phengite from eclogite:Evidence from the dating of eclogite minerals by the Sm-Nd,Rb-Sr and 40Ar/39Ar methods, Chem. Geol.,112,343-350．
Liu D. Y., Shen, Q. H., Zhang, Z. Q., Jahn, B. M., Auvray, B.. Archean crustal evolution in China: U-Pb geochronology of the Qianxi Complex. Precambrian Res. ,1990,48:223-244．
Liu Hefu, Dynamic classification of sedimentary basin and their structural styles. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences. 18, 6, pp. 699-724,1993．
Lo Bello, Ph., G. Feraud, C.M.Hall, D.York, P.Lavina, and M.Bernat, 1987． 40Ar/39Ar step heating and laser fusion dating of a Quaternary volcanic from Neschers, Massif Central, France: The defeat of xenocrystic contamination, Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 66:61-71．
Maluski H., Monic P., Kicnast J. R., and Rahmani A., 1990． Location of extraneous excess argon in granulitic facics minerals: a paired microprobe laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar analysis. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect. )80:193-271．
Maluski, H. and Monie, P., 1988． 39Ar-40Ar Laser Probe Multi-dating Inside Single Biotites of a Variscan Orthogneiss (Pinet, Massif Central, France). Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 73: 245-263．
Maluski, H. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1981． Utilisation d'une sonde laser pour l' analyse radiometrique des mineraux par la methode 39Ar-40Ar. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7(4) :401-21-27．
Maluski, H. and Schaeffer,O. A., 1982． 39Ar-40Ar Laser probe dating of terrestrial rockes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 59:21-27．
Maluski, H., 1985． Methode Argon39-Argon40-Principe et application aux mineraux des roches terrestres. In: E. Roth and B. Poty, Methodes de dataion par les phenomenes nucleaires naurels-Applications. Masson, Paris, pp. 341-372．
Maluski, H., Proust, F. & Xiao X. C. 39Ai/40Ar dating of the Trans-Himalayan calc-alkaline magmatism of southern Tibet. Nature, Lond., 1982,298:152-154．
Maniar, P. D., Piccoli, P. M.. Tectonic discrimination of granitails, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989,101:635-643．
McConville, P., 1983． A laser probes study of argon isotopes in lunarimpact melt glasses. Meteoritics, 18(4) : 350-351．
McDougall, I . (1996) Precision methods of potassium-argon isotopic age determination on young rocks. In Methods and Techniques in Geophysics, Vol. 2, pp. 279-304． Interscienca, New York.
McDougall, I ., and D. H. Green (1964) Excess radiogenic argon in pyroxenes and isotopic ages on minerals from Norwegian eclogites. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr., 44, 183-196．
McDougall, I. (1974) The 40Ar/39Ar method of K-Ar age determination of rocks using HIFAR reactor. Atom. Energy Australia. Aust. Atom. Energy Comm., 17． No. 3． 3-12．
McDougall, I., H. A. Polach, and J. J. Stipp (1969) Excess radiogenic argon in young subaerial basalts from tne Aukland volcanic field. New Zealand. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 33． 1485-1520．
Megrue, G. H., 1967． Isotopic analysis of trace gases with a laser microprobe. Science, 157(3786) : 1555-1556．
Merrihue C and Turner G. 1966． Potassium-argon dating by activation with fast neutrons. J. Geophys. Res., 71:2852-2857．
Merrihue, C. M. (1965) Trace-element determinations and potassium-argon dating by mass spectroscopy of neutron-irradiated samples. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union. 46． 125．
Mitchell, J. G. (1968) The argon-40/argon-39 method for potassium-argon age determination. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 32． 781-790．
Mock, C. and Arnnaud, N.. An early unroofing in the eastern Kunlun: 40Ar/39Ar deta from granites in the eastern Kunlun range(Northern Tibet). Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Molnar P and England P. 1990． Temperature, heat flux and frictional stress near major thrust faults. J. Geophys. Res.,95:4833-4856．
Molnar P., Tapponnier, P. Active tectonics of Tibet. J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83: 5361-5375．
Molnar P. , Tapponnier, P., Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of continental tectonics. Nature, 1975, 284 (5584) : 319-324．
Molnar P., Chen W. P. Depths and fault plane solutions of earthquakes under the Tibetan plateau. J. Geophys. Res., 1983, 88:1180-1196．
Molnar P., Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics, Nature, 1988, 355, 131-137．
Molnar, P. B.C. Burchfiel, Zhao Ziyun, L.Kuangyi, Wang Shuji and Huang Minmin, 1987, Geologic evolution of Northern Tibet; results of an expedition to Ulugh Muztagh. Science.
235, p.299-304．
Molnar, P. and Q. Deng, 1984, Faulting Associated with Large Earthquakes and the Average Rate of Deformation in Central and Eastern Asia,J.Geophys. Resear, 89, p.6203-6228．
Monie, P. and Maluski, H.. Donnees geochronologiques 39Ar-40Ar sur le socle ante-permien du massif de HArgentera-Mercantour (Alpes maritimes, France). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr.,1983, (7) , 25 (2) : 247-257．
Muller, H. W., Pleininger, T., James, O. B. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1977． Laser probe 39Ar-40Ar dating of materials from consortium breccia 73215． Proc. 8th Lunar Sci. Conf., pp. 2551-2565．
Musset, A. E., and G. B. Dalrymple (1968) An investigation of the source of air Ar contamination in K-Ar dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 4． 422-426．
Nier, A. O. (1950) A redetermination of the relative abundances of the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and potassium .Phys. Rev., 77, 789-793．
Onstott, T.C., Dong, H., Fredrickson, J.K., and Murphy, E., 1998, South Oyster site geochemistry, DOE/NABIR Acceleration Stocktaking Meeting-South Oyster Investigators Field Program Meeting, November, 1998．
Onstott, T.C., Tobin, K.J., Dong, H., DeFlaun, M.F., Fredrickson, J.K., Bailey, T., Brockman, F., Kieft, T., Peacock, A., White, D.C., Balkwill, D., Phelps, T.J., and Boone, D.R. (1997) The deep gold mines of South Africa: Windows into the subsurface biosphere", SPIE 42nd Annual Mtg. Proceedings, 3111, 344-357．
Onstott, T.C., Moser, D., Dong, H., and 20 other authors (1999) The Witwatersrand Deep Microbiology Project: A Window Into the Extreme Environment of Deep Subsurface Microbial Communities. AGU Fall Meeting.
Pearce, J. A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G. , 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25(4) , 956-983．
Pearce，J-A．、梅厚钧，1990，拉萨至格尔木的火山岩。中英青藏高原综合地质考察队，青 藏高原地质演化，第174～205页。科学出版社。
Petterson, M. G. & Windley, B. F.. Rb-Sr dating of the Kohistan arc batholith in the Trans-Hi-malaya of north Pakistan and tectonic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ,1985,74:45-57．
Phillips D., Argon isotope and halogen chemistry of phlogopite from South Africa kimberlites: a combined step-heating, laser probe, electron microprobe and TEM study. Chcm. Geol. 87 (1991) 71-98．
Pleininger, T. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1976． Laser Probe 39Ar-40Ar ages of individual mineral grains in lunar basalt 15607 and lunar breccia 15465． Proc. 7th Lunar sci. Conf., pp. 2055-2066．
Renne,P.R., Shorp, W.D., Deino,A.L.,1997, 40Ar/39Ar Dating into the Historical Realm:Calibration Against Pline the Younger. Science, 277(5330) : 1279-1280．
Ruffet, G., Amouric, M., 1991． Comparison of40Ar-39Ar conventional and laser dating of biotites from the North Trgor Batholith. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 1675-1688．
Ruffet, G., Feraud, G., Ballevre, M., Kienast, J.R., 1995, Plateau ages and excess argon on phengites: a 40Ar-39Ar laser probe study of alpine micas (Sesia zone) . Chem. Geol.(Isot. Geosci.Sect.)121:327-343．
Ruffet, G., Gruau,G., Ballevre, M., Feraud, G., Philippot,P., 1997, Rb-Sr and 40Ar-39Ar laser probe dating of high-pressur phengites from the Sesia zone(Western Alps): underscoring of excess argon and new age constraints on the high-pressur metamorphism. Chem. Geol.(Isot. Geosci.Sect.)141:1-18．
Ruxton, B. P. and McDougall, I.. Denudation rate in NE Papua from K-Ar dating of lavas. American Journal of Science,1967,265:545-561．
Scaillet S., 1991． Continental collision and isotopic evolution of high-pressure white micas during overprinting. A structural and isotopic 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe study of the middle part of the Dora-Maira nappe, Val Pelice internal western Alps (Northern Italy). Ph. D. dissertation, Univer. Nice-Sophia Antipolis.
Scaillet S., Feraud G., Lagabriell Y, Ballevre M., and Ruffet G., 1990． 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe dating by step-heating and spot-fusion of phengites from the Dora-Maira nappe of the western Alps, Italy. Geology 18:741-744．
Scaillet S., Feraud G., Lagabrielle Y, Ballevre M., and Amouric M.,1992, Mg/Fe and [(Mg,Fe)Si-Al2] on argon behaviour in high-pressure white micas: a 40Ar-39Ar continuous laser probe from the Dora Maira nappe of the internal Western Alps, Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56:2851-2872．
Scaillet, S., 1996． Excess 40Ar transpot scale and mechanism in high-pressue phengites: a case study study from an eclogitized metabasite of Dra Maira nappe, Western Alps. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1075-1090．
Scaillet, S., Feraud, G., Lagabrielle, Y, Ballevre, M., Amouric, 1997． on argon behaviour in high-pressure white micas: a 40Ar-39Ar continuous laser probe from the Dora Maira nappe of the internal Western Alps, Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2851-2872．
Schaeffer, O. A., and J. Zahringer, eds. (1966) Potassium Argon Dating. Springer-Verlag, New York, 234 p.
Schaeffer, O. A., Muller, H. W. and Grove, T. L.. Laser 39Ar-40Ar Study of Appollo 17 basalts Proc. 8th Lunar.Sci. Conf. ,1977,1489-1499．
Scharer, U., Arnaud, N., Brunei, M., Malavieille, J. and Chen Wen. Upper triassic and Cretaceous
age signatures of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Rb-Sr Mineral ages.Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Scharer, U., Hamet, J. & Allegre, C. J.,.1983, The Trans-himalaya(Gandese) plutonism in the Ladakh region: an U-Pb and Rb/Sr study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67:327-339．
Scharer, U., Xu Ronghua & Allegre, C. J.. 1984, U-Pb geochronology of the Gandese (Trans-himalaya) plutonism in the Lhasa-Xigaze region,Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67:311-320．
Schearer U, Tapponnier P, Lacassin R H, Zhong D, Ji S. 1990． Intraplate tectonics in Asia: a precise age for Tertiary large-scale movement along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear belt, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 97:65-77．
Shafiqullah, M., and P. E. Damon (1974) Evolution of K-Ar isochron methods. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 38, 1341-1358．
Sheng, X. J..Tectonically thermal evolution mechanism of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Geological Science, 1986,2:101-113．
Sutter, J., Hartung, J. and Kunk, M., 1986． In situ 39Ar-40Ar ages of single mineral grains using a laser microprobe. 6th Int. Conf. on Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology. Terra Cognita, 6:149(abstrat).
Tapponnier and P.Molnar, 1977, Active Faulting and Cenozoic Tectonics of China. J. Geophys. Res., 82(20) , p.2905-2930．
Tapponnier P. and P. Molnar, 1976, Slip line field theory and large-scale continental tectonics, Nature, 264, p.319-324．
Tapponnier P., G. Peltzer and R. Armijo, 1986, On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia, in Collision Tectonics, edited by M.P.Coward and A.C. Ries, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 19, p. 115-157．
Tapponnier, P., Meyer, B., Avouac, J. P., Peltzer, G., Gaudemer, Y., Shunmin Quo, Hongfa Xiang, Kelun Yin, Zhitai Chen, Shuahua Cai, and Huagang Dai, Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 97, 382-403, 1990a.
Tapponnier P., R. Lacassin, P.H. Leloup, U. Scharer, Zhong Dalai, Liu Xiaohan, Ji Shaocheng, Zhang Lianshang and Zhong Jiayou, 1990b, The Ailao Shan / Red River metamorphic belt; Tertiary left lateral shear between Indochina and South China,Nature, 343, p.431-437．
Tapponnier, P., et al., The Tibetan side of the India-Eurasia collision. Nature, 1981, 294: 405-410．
Turner S. P. Foden J. D and Morrison R. S., 1992, Derivation of some A-type magmas by fractionation of basaltic magma: An example from the Padthaway Ridge, South Australia. Lithos, 28, 151-179．
Turner, G. (1968) The distribution of potassium and argon in chonddrites. 387-398． In Origin and Distribution of the Element. L. H. Ahrens. Ed. Pergamon Press. London.
Turner, G. (1969) Thermal histories of meteorites by the 39Ar-40Ar method. In meteorite Research. PM. Millman. ed., pp. 407-417． Reidel Publ. Co.
Turner, G. (1970) 40Ar-39Ar age determination of lunar rock 12013． Earth Planet. Sci. Letters.9． 177-180．
Turner, G. (1971a)Argon-40-argon-39 dating: The optimization of irradiation parameters. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 10． 227-234．
Turner, G., A. Miller, and R. L. Grasty (1966) The thermal history of the Bruderheim meteorite.
Turner, G., J. C. Huneke, F. A. Podosek, and G. J. Wasserburg (1971b)40Ar-39Ar ages and codmic-ray exposure ages of Apollo 14 samples. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 12． 19-35．
Wang Zejiu, Wu Gongjian and Xiao Xuchang etal., 1997, Global Geoscience transect, Golmud-Ejin transect China. Beijing, China Geological Map Printing House.
Wang,S.S., 1998, Excess argon-bearing phengite from UHPM eclogite: a new geochronological evidence, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.43 Supp., pp140．
White, A. J. R., and Chappll, B. W.. Ultrmetamorphism and granitoid genesis. Tecnophysics, 1977, 43:7-22．
Xiao Xuchang and Li Tingdong, Tectonic evolution and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Episodes, 1995, 18 (1-2) , 31-35．
Xu Ronghua, Scharer, U.,& Allegre, C. J.. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa Block (Tibet): a geochronological study. J. Geol., 1985,93:41-57．
Xu Ronghua, Zhang Yuquan, Ph. Vidal, N. Arnaud, Zhang Qiaoda. 1994, A discovery of an early Paleozoic tectonic-Magmatic belt in the northern part of West Kunlun Mountains. Scientia Geological Sinica, 29(4) :313-328．
YANG Jingsui,XU Zhiqin, Li Haibing, WU Cailai, CUI Junwen, ZHANG Jianxin & CHEN Wen,1998, Discovery of eclogite at northern margin Of Qaidam Basin, NW China, Chinese Science Bulletin Vol.43, No.20, p. 1755-1760．
Yin A, Harrison T M, Ryerson R J, Chen Wenji, Kidd W S F, Copeland R, 1994． Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese thrust system, southeastern Tibet. J. Geophys. Res., 99(18) : 175-201．
York, D., Hall, C. M., Yanase.Y., Hanes, J. A. and Kenon, J., 1981． 39Ar-40Ar dating of terrestrial minerals with a continuous laser. Geophys, Res. Lett., 8(11) : 1136-1138．
常承法，Shackleton,R.M.,Deway,J.F.,孙亦因，青藏高原的构造。中英青藏高原综合地质考察队：青藏高原地质演化。北京：科学出版社，1990，384～415。
陈富文，李华芹，王登红，蔡红，陈文，1998，中国阿尔泰造山带燕山期成岩成矿同位素年代学新证据，科学通报，第44卷，第11期，第1142-1147页。
陈文寄，T.M.Harrison,M.T.Heizler,O.M.Lovera，1993，钾长石中过剩~(40)Ar的校正-~(40)Ar_F与Cl的相关性及其应用，《壳幔演化与成岩成矿同位素地球化学》，地震出版社，第174页。
陈文寄，哈里森TM洛弗拉O.M1992．哀牢山-红河剪切带的热年代学研究-多重扩散域模式的应用实例，地震地质，14(2)：121-128．
陈文寄，李齐，郝杰等．1997．冈底斯岩带热演化史的MDD模式新证据Ⅰ．地质学报(增刊)，18：86-88．
陈文寄，李齐，郝杰等．1998．冈底斯岩带热演化史的MDD模式新证据Ⅱ．科学通报，43(21)：2332-2335．
陈文寄，李齐，马宗晋．1996．构造非平稳运动定量研究的MDD模式制约．地球科学，21(3)：277-279．
陈文寄，李齐，汪一鹏，1996．．哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带中新世抬升的时间序列．地质论评，42(5)：385-390．
陈文寄，李齐，周新华等．1996．西藏高原南部两次快速冷却事件的构造含义．地震地质，18(2)：109-115．
程裕淇主编，1994，中国区域地质概论。地质出版社。
陈文，N.Arnaud(法国)，1997，巴颜喀拉地体POG型花岗岩同位素年代学研究，地球学报，第18卷，第3期，第261-266页。
陈文，1994，激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年方法研究，地球学报，No．1-2，第197-205页。
陈文，葛肖虹，叶慧文，刘新宇，刘永江，张思红。2000。用激光微区定年技术测定阿尔金断裂系多期活动的时代。质谱学报，第21卷，第3，4期，第189-120页。
陈文，郭彦如，崔彬，刘新宇，张思红。2001。基于MM1200B质谱系统的MDD模式~(40)Ar/~39)Ar实验技术及其在阿尔金山中生代冷却史研究中的应用。质谱学报，第22卷第3期，第8-14页。
陈文，郭彦如，崔彬，N.,Arnaud。2002a。东昆仑西大滩岩系变质和变形事件的同位素年代学研究。地质论评，第48卷，增刊(待刊)。
陈文，刘新宇，张思红。2002b。连续激光阶段升温~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar地质年代测定方法研究。地质论评，第48卷，增刊(待刊)。
崔彬，赵磊，2002，铜官山铜矿床石榴石成因矿物学研究，地质论评，增刊。
崔彬，赵磊，2002，湘南东坡矿田钨锡成矿系列硫同位素特征，地质论评，增刊。
崔军文，1986，藏南若干阿尔卑斯橄榄岩体的变形。地质学报，第60卷，第1期，第44～54页。
崔军文，1987a，哀牢山变质岩的原岩建造及其构造意义。中国区域地质，第4期，第349～358页。
崔军文，1987b，藏南超基性岩的塑性流变。中国地质科学院院报，第17号，89～101页。
崔军文，1992，青藏高原的伸展构造及对建立陆内碰撞模式的意义。中国地质学会主编，“七*五”地质科技重要成果学术交流会议论文选集，第152～155页，北京科学技术出版社。
崔军文，1994a，岩石圈深层扩张和青藏高原隆升——岩石圈深层扩张模式初论。地质论评，第40卷，第2期，第106～110页。
崔军文，1996，阿尔金选区大陆科学钻探意义。许志琴，耿瑞伦等主编，中国大陆科学钻探先行研究。第211～217页。地质出版社。
崔军文，1997，喜马拉雅碰撞带的构造演化。地质学报，第71卷，第2期，105～112页。
崔军文，唐哲民，邓晋福，岳永君，孟令顺，余钦范，阿尔金断裂系，地质出版社，1998．1～249。
崔军文、武长得、朱红，1994b，青藏高原的构造演化和喜马拉雅隆升的动力机制。
崔军文、武长得、朱红、邓宗策、冯晓枫，1990，喜马拉雅碰撞带陆壳增厚和隆升机制。中国地质科学院院报，第21号，第55～65页。
崔军文、朱红、武长德等。青藏高原岩石圈变形及其动力学，北京：地质出版社，1992。
丁国瑜，1995，阿尔金活断层的古地震与分段。第四纪研究，第2期，第97～106页。
甘肃省地质矿产局，1989，甘肃省区域地质志。地质出版社。
高延林、吴向农、左国朝、张国伟，1990，关于中国南北板块界线的新认识—昆仑-秦岭缝合带。中国地质学会构造专业委员会：造山带、盆地、球太平洋构造，第7～15页，地质出版社。
葛肖虹，1992，阿尔金断裂与西北大地构造格局的新认识。地球科学进展，中国地质大学出版社。
姜春发、杨经绥、冯秉贵、朱直之、赵民、柴耀楚，1992，昆仑开合构造。地质出版社。
金成伟、N.B.W.Harris、许荣华、C.L.Lewis。拉萨至格尔木的深成岩。青藏高原地质演化，北京：科学出版社，1990，第141-173页。
李春昱、王荃、刘雪亚、汤耀庆，1982，亚洲大地构造图。地图出版社。
李廷栋，1995，青藏高原隆升的过程和机制。地球学报，第1期，第1～9页。
刘良、车自成、罗金海、王焰、向章鉴，1996，阿尔金山西段榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义。科学通报，第41卷，第16期，第1485～1488页。
马杏垣主编，1992，中国岩石圈动力学地图集，中国地图出版社。
马宗晋，张家声，汪一朋，青藏高原三维变形运动学的时段划分和新构造分区。地质学报，1998。72(3)，211～227。
孟令顺、高锐等，1992，青藏高原重力测量与岩石圈构造。地质出版社。
潘桂棠、王培生、徐耀荣、焦淑沛、向元秀，1990，青藏高原新生代构造演化。地质出版社。
青海省地质矿产局，1991，青海省区域地质志。北京：地质出版社。
邱华宁、戴撞谟，~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法测定矿物流体包裹体年龄。科学通报，1989，34(9)：687-689。
任纪舜、姜春发、张正坤、秦德余等，1980，中国大地构造及其演化。科学出版社。
孙桂英、张德全、徐洪林。格尔木-额济纳旗地学断面走廊域花岗岩类的岩石化学特征与构造环境判别。地球物理学报，1995，第38卷，增刊Ⅱ，第145-158页。
唐哲民、崔军文，1996，青藏高原北缘新构造运动特征。新疆地质，14(3)：213～220。
王鸿祯、刘本培、李思田，1990，中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发育阶段。王鸿祯、杨森南、刘本培主编，中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理，第3～34页，中国地质大学出版社。
王乃文，1984，青藏印度古陆及其与华夏古陆的拼合。中法喜马拉雅考察成果，第39～62页，地质出版社。
王松山，桑海清，裘冀，1997，Ar-Ar等时线的局限及Cl-Ar等时线的潜力，地球学报，第18卷，增刊，第272-274页。
王松山等，Gordani,U.G.,1991．氩—氩定年法国际标准物质BSP-1角闪石的研制、专著。
吴汉泉，1982，北祁连高压变质带的岩石学及矿物学。西安地矿所所刊，4(7)：5～21。
西藏自治区地质矿产局，1993，西藏自治区区域地质志。地质出版社。
肖庆辉等，1993，当代地质科学前沿。中国地质大学出版社。
肖序常、陈国铭、朱志直，1978，祁连山古蛇绿岩的地质意义。地质学报，52(4)：281～295。
肖序常、李廷栋、李光岑、常承法，1988，喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论。地质出版社。
肖序常、高延林，1986，再论青藏高原的板块构造。中国地质科学院院报，14：7～19。
许荣华、N.B.W.Harris、C.L.Lewis、C.J.Hawkesworth、张玉泉。拉萨至格尔木的同位素地球化学。青藏高原地质演化，北京：科学出版社，1990，第282-302页。
许荣华、张玉泉、谢应雯、陈福坤，Ph.Vidal.N.Amaud,张巧大、赵敦敏，1994，西昆仑山北部早古生代构造岩浆带的发现。地质科学，第29卷，第4期，第313～328页。
许志琴，韧性推覆剪切带及喜马拉雅山链的变形机制。喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论，北京：地质出版社，1988，121～140。
许志琴、崔军文，1996，大陆山链变形构造动力学。冶金工业出版社。
许志琴、徐惠芬、张建新等，1994，北祁连走廊南山加里东俯冲杂岩增生地体及其动力学。地质学报，第68卷，第1期，第1～15页。
许志琴、张建新、徐惠芬等，1997，中国主要大陆山链韧性剪切带及动力学。地质出版社。
杨经绥、柴耀楚等。东昆仑万宝沟群中的基性火山岩特征及其成冈探讨。岩石矿物学杂志，1987，第2期，第121-130页。
杨经绥、许志琴等，1998，我国西部柴北缘地区发现榴辉岩。科学通报，第43卷，第14期，第1544～1548页。
袁见齐，朱上庆，翟裕生，1985，矿床学。北京：地质出版社。
岳永君，1996。青藏高原北缘的沉积岩和花岗岩。《阿尔金断裂系》课题评审报告，第35页。
曾融生，朱介寿，周兵，青藏高原及其东部邻区的三维地震波速度结构与大陆碰撞模型。地震学报，1992，14(增刊)，523～533。
翟裕生，1981，矿床学的研究现状和展望。地球科学。
翟裕生，林新多，1993，矿田构造学。北京：地质出版社。
翟裕生，张湖，宋鸿林，邓军，1997，大型构造与超大型矿床，北京：地质出版社。
张德全、孙桂英。关于花岗岩成因分类的讨论。中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊，1986，第15号，第58-65页。
张德全、孙桂英。中国东部花岗岩，武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1988。
张以絈，1993，青藏高原北部地质构造演化初论。青海地质，第2卷，第2期，第1～7页。
张治洮，1985，阿尔金断裂的地质特征。中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊，9：20～31。
郑剑东，1988a，阿尔金断裂与大陆走滑断裂。内陆地震，第2卷，第2期，第123～130页。
郑剑东，青藏高原地球动力学初探。现代地质，1988b，2(2)：194～206。
钟大赉、丁林，1996，青藏高原隆升过程及其机制探讨。中国科学(D辑)，第26卷，第4期，第289～295页。
朱志澄，1991，逆冲推覆构造。中国地质大学出版社。
左国朝、何国琦，1990，北山板块构造及成矿。北京大学出版社。
Albarede, F., 1978, The recovery of spatial isotope distributions from step-wise degassing data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 39, p. 387-397.
Aldrich, L T.,and A. O. Nier (1948)Argon 40 in potassium minerals. Phys. Rev.,74, 876-877.
Alexander, E. C., Jr. and D. W. Schwartzman, 1976, Argon isotopic evolution of upper mantle. Nature, 259,104-106.
Allegre, C. J. and Ben Othman D., 1980, Nd-Sr isotopic relationship in granitoid rocks and continental crust development: a chemical approach to orogenesis. Nature 286, 335-342.
Allegre, C. J., Structure evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogenic belt. Nature, 1984, 307 (5946):17～22
An Yin and Harrison T. M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.Annu. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci, 2000, 28:211-280．
Arnaud N. O.and Kelley S., 1995a. Evidence for excess Ar during high pressure metamorphism in the Dora-Maira (Western Alps, Italy).Using a Ultra-Violet Laser Ablation Microprobe 40Ar/39Ar technique. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 121:1-11．
Arnaud, N., Brunei, M.,Malaville, J., Scharer, U., Chen Wen and Tapponnier, 1995b. Age and regime of deformation on the eastern Kunlun fault. Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet (Abstracts), p1, Universite Montpellier II et CNRS-INSU, FRANCE.
Beckinsale, R. D.,and N. H. Gale (1969) A reappraisal of the decay constants and branching ratio of 40K. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 6, 289-294．
Boundy, T. M., C.M.Hall, G.Li, 1997, Fine-scale isotopic heterogeneities and fluids in the deep crust: a 40Ar/39Ar laser ablation and TEM study of muscovites from a granulite-eclogite transition zone, E.P.S.L., 148:223-242．
Bray,C,J.,E.T.C.Spooner, C.M.Hall, D.York, T.M.Bills, and H.W.Krueger, 1987． Laser probe 40Ar/39Ar and conventional K/Ar dating of illites associated with the McClean unconformity-related uranium deposits, north Saskachewan, Canada, Can.J. Earth Sci. 24:10-23．
Brereton, N. R. (1970) Corrections for interfering isotopes in the 40Ar/39Ar dating method. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 8, 427-433．
Brereton, N. R. (1972) A reappraisal of the Ar40/Ar39 stepwise degassing technique. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 27,449-478．
Brown, G. C.. Cale-alkaline intrusive rocks:their deversity,evolution and relation to volcanic arcs. In Andesites (ed. R. S. Thorpe). New York and London: John Wiley and Sons, 1982,437-461．
Casnedi, R., Desio, A., Forcelle, F., Nicoletti, M. & Petrucciani, C. 1978 Absolute age of some granitoid rocks between Hindu Raj and Gilgit River. Rend. Sci. fis. mat. e nat. 64, 204-210．
Chang chenfa et al.. Preliminary conclusions of the Royal Socity and Academia Sinica 1985 geotraverse of Tibet. Nature, 1986, 323:501-507．
Chang Chengfa & Pan Yushen 1981 A brief discussion on the tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Proceedings on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, 1, 1-18． Beijing.
Chappll, B. W., and White, A. J. R.. Two contrasting granite type. Pacific Geol., 1974,8:293-305．
Chen Wen Xu Zhiqin, 1996, Using The Laser Microprobe 40Ar/39Ar Dating Technique and the 40Ar/39Ar Stepwise Incremental Heating Technique to Date the Ages of Xidatan Shear Zone(Kunlun Terrane, Tibetan Plateau), ACTA GEOSCIENTIA SINICA, Special Issue, pp228-232．
Chen Wen, 1995a, Research on laser microprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating. Proceedings of BCEIA, Beijing:
Peking University Press, B13．
Chen Wen, 1998, U-Pb and 39Ar-40Ar Laser Microprobe Dating of Xidatan Mylonite From South Kunlun Shear Zone, Northern Tibetan Plateau, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.43, Supplement, P23．
Chen Wen, Xu Zhiqing, 1995b, Isotope Geochronology of Magmatism, Metamorphism and Deformation in the Northern Margin of Tibetan Plateau : An Example from Golmud to Kunlun Pass, Symposium on Uplift, Deformation and Deep Structure of Northern Tibet, Universite Montpellier II et CNRS-INSU, France, p7．
Coleman, M. et al.. 1995． Evidence for Tibetan Plateau uplift before 14 My ago from a new minimum age for east-west extension. Nature, 374:49-52．
Copeland P, Harrison T M, Yun P, Kidd W S F, Roden M, Yuquan Z. 1995． Thermal evolution of the Gangdese batholith southern Tibet: A history of episodic unroofing. Tectonic, 14(2) :223-236
Coulon, C., Maluski, H., Bollinger, C. & Wang, S.. 1986． Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks from central and southern Tibet: 39Ar-40Ar deling, petrological characteristics and geodynamical signficance, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 80:281-302．
Cui Junwen and Xu Zhiqin, 1996, The Tethyan Himalayan orogenic complex. Institute of Geology, CAGS, Continental Dynamics, 1 (1) , p.20-29．
Dallmeyer, R. D. 1975． Ar40/Ar39 ages of biotite and hornblende from a progressively remetamorphosed basement terrane: Their bearing on interpretation of release spectra. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 39, 1655-1669．
Dallmeyer, R. D., J. F. Sutler, and D. J. Baker. 1975． Incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages of biotite and hornblende from the northeastern Reading Prong: Their bearing on late Proterozoic thermal and tectonic history. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 86,1435-1443．
Dalrymple, G. B. 1972． Potassium-argon dating of geomagnetic reversals and North American glaciations, 107-134． In Calibration of Hominoid Evolution, W. W. Bisnop and J. A. Miller, eds. Scott. Acad. Press.
Dalrymple, G. B. and J. G. Moore .1968． Argon-40: Excess in subinarine pillow basalts from Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Science, 161, 1132-1135．
Dalrymple, G. B., and Duffield, W. A., 1988． High precision 39Ar-40Ar dating of Oligocene rhyolites from the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field using a continuous laser system, geophysical Research Letters, V. 15, P. 463-466．
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere. 1969． Potassium-Argon dating. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 258 p.
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere .1971． 40Ar/39Ar technique of K/Ar dating: A
comparison with the conventional technique. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 12, 300-308．
Dalrymple, G. B., and M. A. Lanphere . 1974． 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial sample. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 715-738．
Dalrymple, G. B., R. D. Jarrard. And D. A. Clague . 1975． K-Ar age of some volcanic rocks from tne Cook and Austral Islands. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 86, 1463-1467．
Dalrymple, G.B., 1994． 40Ar/39Ar dating on a microscopic scale with a continuous laser system: a enlightening approach to geochronology. Abstracts of the 8th International Conferece on Geochronology, Cosmochromol ogy and Isotope Geology, 73．
Davies, G. F. , 1990． Mantle plumes, mantle stirring and hotspot chemistry. Earth Planet. Sci, Lett., 99, p.94-109．
Debon, R, Le Fort, P., Dantel, D., Sonet, J. & Zimmermann, J. L.. 1987． Granited of western Karakorum and northern Kohistan (Pakistan): A composite Mid-Cretaceous to Upper Cenozoic magmatism. Lithos.,20:19-40．
Debon, F., Le Fort, P., Sheppard, S. M. F. & Sonet J. 1986． The four plutonic belts of the Transhimalaya-Hinalaya: a chemical, mineralogical, isotopic and chromological synthesis along a Tibet-Nepal section. J. etrol. 27, 219-250．
Debon, F., Sonet, J., Lin Guohue, Jin Chengwei & Xu Ronghua 1982． Caracteres chimico-mineralogiques et datations par Rb-Sr des trois ceintures plutoniques du Tibet meridional. C. R. Acad Sci Paris 295, 213-218．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R., Halliday, A.N. and Pevear, D.R. 2000a. Thermal 40Ar/39Ar separation of diagenetic from detrital illitic clays in Gulf Coast shales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 175, 309-325．
Dong, H., Fredrickson, J. K.., Kennedy, D.W., Zachara, J.M., Kukkadapu, R.K. and Onstort, T.C. 2000b. Mineral transformation associated with the microbial reduction of magnetite, Chemical Geology Special Volume on Advances in Geomicrobiology, 169, 299-318．
Dong, H., Onstott, T.C., DeFlaun, M.F., Fuller, M.E., Gillespie, K., and Fredrickson, J.K. 1999． Development of radiographic and microscopic techniques for the characterization of bacterial transport in intact sediment cores from Oyster, VA. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 37, 139-154．
Dong, H., Peacor, D.R., Murphy, S.F. 1998． TEM study of progressive alteration of igneous biotite to kaolinite throughout a weathered soil profile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 1881-1887．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Halliday, A.N. and Peacor, D.R. 1997a. 40Ar/39Ar illite dating of late Caledonian (Acadian) metamorphism and cooling of K-bentonites and slates from the Welsh Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 150, 337-357．
Dong, H., Peacor, D.R. and Freed, R.L. 1997b. Phase relations among smectite, R1 I/S and illite. American Mineralogist, 82, 379-391．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Halliday, A.M. and Peacor, D.R. 1997c. Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of microgram-size illite samples and implication for thin section dating. Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta, 61, 3803-3808．
Dong, H. and Peacor, D.R. 1996． TEM observations of coherent stacking relations in smectite, I/S and illite of shales: evidence for MaEwan crystallites and dominance of 2M1 polytypism. Clays & Clay Minerals, 44, 257-275．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R. and Halliday, A.N. 1995． Mechanisms of argon retention in clays revealed by laser40Ar/39Ar dating. Science, 267, 355-359．
Dong, H., Hall, C.M., Peacor, D.R. and Halliday, A.N., 1994． Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of bentonites and shale from Wales. Abstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology, p84．
Eichhorn, G., James, O. B., Schaeffer, O.A. and Muller, H. W., 1978． Laser 39Ar-40Ar dating of two clasts from consortium breccia 73215． Proc. 9th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., pp. 855-876．
Fechtig, H., and Kalbitzer, S., 1966, The diffusion of argon in potassium bearing solids, in Schaeffer, O.A., and Zahringer, J., eds., Potassium-Argon Dating: Heidelberg, Springer, p. 68-106．
Fitch, F. J., J. A. Miller, and J. G. Mitchell .1969． A new approach to radio-isotopic dating in erogenic belts. In Time and Place in Orogeny, P. E. Kent, G. E. Sattherthwaite, and A. M. Spencer, eds., Gool. Soc. Lond. Spee. Publ. No. 3, 157．
Gariepy, C., Allegre, C. J. & Xu Ronghua 1985 The Pb isotope geochemistry of granitoids from the Himalaya-Tibet collision zone: implications for crustal evolution. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 74, 220-234．
Glass,B.P.,C.M.Hall, and D.York, 1986． 40Ar/39Ar laser probe dating of North American tektite fragments from Barbados and the age of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, Chem. Geol., 59:181-186．
Guo Zhenfu, Deng Jinfu, Zhao Hailing, and Luo Zhaohua. Triassic Andes-type granitoid arc in the eastern Kunlun mountains, Qinghai province, north-western China. Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Hacker,B.R., Qingchen Wang, 1995, Ar/Ar geochronology of ultrahigh-pressure metamor-phism in central China, TECTONICS, Vol.14, No.4, pp994-1006．
Hall C. M., Frozen in time: imaging fossil argon concentration variations in micas using the laser 40Ar / 39Ar technique. Eos 73 (1992) 363．
Hames W. E , K. V. Hodges. Laser 40Ar / 39Ar evaluation of Slow cooling and episodic loss of Ar
from a sample of phymetamorphic muscovite. Science 261 (1993) 1721-1723．
Harris, N. B. W., Holland, T. J. B., and Tindle, A. G.. Metamorphic rock of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud, Phil. Printed in Great Britain, Trans. R. Soc. Lond.,1988a,A327:203-213．
Harris, N. B. W.,Xu Ronghua, Lewis, C. L., and Jin Chengwei. Plutonic rocks of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud, Phil. Printed in Great Britain, Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A326,1988b,145-168．
Harris，N．B．、T．J．B．Holland、A．G．Tindle。拉萨至格尔木的变质岩。青藏高原地质演化，北京： 科学出版社，1990，第206-216页。
Harrison T M, Chen wenji, Leloup P H, Ryerson F J, Tapponnier P, Scharer U. 1992a. An early Miocene transition in deformation regine the Red River fault Zone ,Yunnan, and its significance for Indo-Asian tectonics. J. Geophys. Res., 97(B5) :7159-7182．
Harrison T. M., Mark T., Copeland P., Kidd W. S. F., Yin A. Raising Tibet. Science, 1992b, 255,1663-1670．
Hart, S. R. 1964． The petrology and isotopic-mineral age relation of a contact zone in the Front Range, Colorado. J. Geol., 72, 493-525． .
Heizler M T, Lux D R, Decker E R. 1988, The age and cooling history of the China of Ponds and Big Island Pond Plutons and The Spider lake Granite, West-central Maine and Quebec. Am. J. Sci., 288:925-952．
Husain, L. (1974) 40Ar-Ar39 chronology and cosmic ray exposure ages of the Apollo 15 samples. J. Geophys, Res., 79, 2588-2606．
Husain, L., and O.A. Schaeffer (1973) Lunar volcanism: Age of the glass in the Apollo 17 orange soil. Science. 180． 1358-1360．
Husain,L., J. F. Sutter, and O. A. Schaeffer (1971) Ages of crystalline rocks from Fra Mauro. Science, 173, 1235-1236．
Husain,L., O. A. Schaeffer. and J. F. Sutter (1972) Age of lunar anorthosite. Science. 175, 428-430．
Jessbergr, E. K., Schaeffer, O.A., Warasila, R., Walker, R. and Lobotka, T., 1981． Unmasking "extra 40Ar in ALHA 77005 by the Laser extraction technique. Meteoritics, 16(4) : 331 (abstract).
Lanphere, M. A., and A. L. Albee(1974) 40Ar/39Ar age measurements in the Worcester Mountains: Evidence of Ordovician and Devonian metamorphic events in northern Vermont. Am. J. Sci. 274． 545-555．
Lanphere, M. A., and G. B. Dalrympie (1971) A test of the 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum technique on some terrestrial material. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 12． 359-372．
Layer, P.W., C.M.Hall, and D.York, 1987, The derivation of 40Ar/39Ar age spectre of single grains of hornblende and biotite by laser step-heating, Geophs. Res. Lett.(14) , 757-760．
Leloup P H, Harrison T M, Ryerson F J, Wenji Chen, Qi Li, Tapponnier P, Lacassin R. 1993． Strectural, Petrological and Thermal evolution of a Tertiary ductile strike-slip shear zone, Diancang shan, Yunnan, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B4) :6715-6743．
Li, J. et al., Palaeo-magnetic age and model series of at Cenozoic Era layer in Lingxia basin.Studies on the formation, evolution, environmental changes and ecosystems of Qinhai-Xizang plateau, Beijing:Science Press, 1994．
Li, J. et al.. Uplift of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau and global change.Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press, 1995:207．
Li, S., S. Wang, Y.Chen, 1994, Excess argon in phengite from eclogite:Evidence from the dating of eclogite minerals by the Sm-Nd,Rb-Sr and 40Ar/39Ar methods, Chem. Geol.,112,343-350．
Liu D. Y., Shen, Q. H., Zhang, Z. Q., Jahn, B. M., Auvray, B.. Archean crustal evolution in China: U-Pb geochronology of the Qianxi Complex. Precambrian Res. ,1990,48:223-244．
Liu Hefu, Dynamic classification of sedimentary basin and their structural styles. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences. 18, 6, pp. 699-724,1993．
Lo Bello, Ph., G. Feraud, C.M.Hall, D.York, P.Lavina, and M.Bernat, 1987． 40Ar/39Ar step heating and laser fusion dating of a Quaternary volcanic from Neschers, Massif Central, France: The defeat of xenocrystic contamination, Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 66:61-71．
Maluski H., Monic P., Kicnast J. R., and Rahmani A., 1990． Location of extraneous excess argon in granulitic facics minerals: a paired microprobe laser-probe 40Ar/39Ar analysis. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect. )80:193-271．
Maluski, H. and Monie, P., 1988． 39Ar-40Ar Laser Probe Multi-dating Inside Single Biotites of a Variscan Orthogneiss (Pinet, Massif Central, France). Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 73: 245-263．
Maluski, H. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1981． Utilisation d'une sonde laser pour l' analyse radiometrique des mineraux par la methode 39Ar-40Ar. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7(4) :401-21-27．
Maluski, H. and Schaeffer,O. A., 1982． 39Ar-40Ar Laser probe dating of terrestrial rockes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 59:21-27．
Maluski, H., 1985． Methode Argon39-Argon40-Principe et application aux mineraux des roches terrestres. In: E. Roth and B. Poty, Methodes de dataion par les phenomenes nucleaires naurels-Applications. Masson, Paris, pp. 341-372．
Maluski, H., Proust, F. & Xiao X. C. 39Ai/40Ar dating of the Trans-Himalayan calc-alkaline magmatism of southern Tibet. Nature, Lond., 1982,298:152-154．
Maniar, P. D., Piccoli, P. M.. Tectonic discrimination of granitails, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989,101:635-643．
McConville, P., 1983． A laser probes study of argon isotopes in lunarimpact melt glasses. Meteoritics, 18(4) : 350-351．
McDougall, I . (1996) Precision methods of potassium-argon isotopic age determination on young rocks. In Methods and Techniques in Geophysics, Vol. 2, pp. 279-304． Interscienca, New York.
McDougall, I ., and D. H. Green (1964) Excess radiogenic argon in pyroxenes and isotopic ages on minerals from Norwegian eclogites. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr., 44, 183-196．
McDougall, I. (1974) The 40Ar/39Ar method of K-Ar age determination of rocks using HIFAR reactor. Atom. Energy Australia. Aust. Atom. Energy Comm., 17． No. 3． 3-12．
McDougall, I., H. A. Polach, and J. J. Stipp (1969) Excess radiogenic argon in young subaerial basalts from tne Aukland volcanic field. New Zealand. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 33． 1485-1520．
Megrue, G. H., 1967． Isotopic analysis of trace gases with a laser microprobe. Science, 157(3786) : 1555-1556．
Merrihue C and Turner G. 1966． Potassium-argon dating by activation with fast neutrons. J. Geophys. Res., 71:2852-2857．
Merrihue, C. M. (1965) Trace-element determinations and potassium-argon dating by mass spectroscopy of neutron-irradiated samples. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union. 46． 125．
Mitchell, J. G. (1968) The argon-40/argon-39 method for potassium-argon age determination. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 32． 781-790．
Mock, C. and Arnnaud, N.. An early unroofing in the eastern Kunlun: 40Ar/39Ar deta from granites in the eastern Kunlun range(Northern Tibet). Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Molnar P and England P. 1990． Temperature, heat flux and frictional stress near major thrust faults. J. Geophys. Res.,95:4833-4856．
Molnar P., Tapponnier, P. Active tectonics of Tibet. J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83: 5361-5375．
Molnar P. , Tapponnier, P., Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of continental tectonics. Nature, 1975, 284 (5584) : 319-324．
Molnar P., Chen W. P. Depths and fault plane solutions of earthquakes under the Tibetan plateau. J. Geophys. Res., 1983, 88:1180-1196．
Molnar P., Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics, Nature, 1988, 355, 131-137．
Molnar, P. B.C. Burchfiel, Zhao Ziyun, L.Kuangyi, Wang Shuji and Huang Minmin, 1987, Geologic evolution of Northern Tibet; results of an expedition to Ulugh Muztagh. Science.
235, p.299-304．
Molnar, P. and Q. Deng, 1984, Faulting Associated with Large Earthquakes and the Average Rate of Deformation in Central and Eastern Asia,J.Geophys. Resear, 89, p.6203-6228．
Monie, P. and Maluski, H.. Donnees geochronologiques 39Ar-40Ar sur le socle ante-permien du massif de HArgentera-Mercantour (Alpes maritimes, France). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr.,1983, (7) , 25 (2) : 247-257．
Muller, H. W., Pleininger, T., James, O. B. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1977． Laser probe 39Ar-40Ar dating of materials from consortium breccia 73215． Proc. 8th Lunar Sci. Conf., pp. 2551-2565．
Musset, A. E., and G. B. Dalrymple (1968) An investigation of the source of air Ar contamination in K-Ar dating. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 4． 422-426．
Nier, A. O. (1950) A redetermination of the relative abundances of the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and potassium .Phys. Rev., 77, 789-793．
Onstott, T.C., Dong, H., Fredrickson, J.K., and Murphy, E., 1998, South Oyster site geochemistry, DOE/NABIR Acceleration Stocktaking Meeting-South Oyster Investigators Field Program Meeting, November, 1998．
Onstott, T.C., Tobin, K.J., Dong, H., DeFlaun, M.F., Fredrickson, J.K., Bailey, T., Brockman, F., Kieft, T., Peacock, A., White, D.C., Balkwill, D., Phelps, T.J., and Boone, D.R. (1997) The deep gold mines of South Africa: Windows into the subsurface biosphere", SPIE 42nd Annual Mtg. Proceedings, 3111, 344-357．
Onstott, T.C., Moser, D., Dong, H., and 20 other authors (1999) The Witwatersrand Deep Microbiology Project: A Window Into the Extreme Environment of Deep Subsurface Microbial Communities. AGU Fall Meeting.
Pearce, J. A., Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G. , 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25(4) , 956-983．
Pearce，J-A．、梅厚钧，1990，拉萨至格尔木的火山岩。中英青藏高原综合地质考察队，青 藏高原地质演化，第174～205页。科学出版社。
Petterson, M. G. & Windley, B. F.. Rb-Sr dating of the Kohistan arc batholith in the Trans-Hi-malaya of north Pakistan and tectonic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. ,1985,74:45-57．
Phillips D., Argon isotope and halogen chemistry of phlogopite from South Africa kimberlites: a combined step-heating, laser probe, electron microprobe and TEM study. Chcm. Geol. 87 (1991) 71-98．
Pleininger, T. and Schaeffer, O. A., 1976． Laser Probe 39Ar-40Ar ages of individual mineral grains in lunar basalt 15607 and lunar breccia 15465． Proc. 7th Lunar sci. Conf., pp. 2055-2066．
Renne,P.R., Shorp, W.D., Deino,A.L.,1997, 40Ar/39Ar Dating into the Historical Realm:Calibration Against Pline the Younger. Science, 277(5330) : 1279-1280．
Ruffet, G., Amouric, M., 1991． Comparison of40Ar-39Ar conventional and laser dating of biotites from the North Trgor Batholith. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 1675-1688．
Ruffet, G., Feraud, G., Ballevre, M., Kienast, J.R., 1995, Plateau ages and excess argon on phengites: a 40Ar-39Ar laser probe study of alpine micas (Sesia zone) . Chem. Geol.(Isot. Geosci.Sect.)121:327-343．
Ruffet, G., Gruau,G., Ballevre, M., Feraud, G., Philippot,P., 1997, Rb-Sr and 40Ar-39Ar laser probe dating of high-pressur phengites from the Sesia zone(Western Alps): underscoring of excess argon and new age constraints on the high-pressur metamorphism. Chem. Geol.(Isot. Geosci.Sect.)141:1-18．
Ruxton, B. P. and McDougall, I.. Denudation rate in NE Papua from K-Ar dating of lavas. American Journal of Science,1967,265:545-561．
Scaillet S., 1991． Continental collision and isotopic evolution of high-pressure white micas during overprinting. A structural and isotopic 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe study of the middle part of the Dora-Maira nappe, Val Pelice internal western Alps (Northern Italy). Ph. D. dissertation, Univer. Nice-Sophia Antipolis.
Scaillet S., Feraud G., Lagabriell Y, Ballevre M., and Ruffet G., 1990． 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe dating by step-heating and spot-fusion of phengites from the Dora-Maira nappe of the western Alps, Italy. Geology 18:741-744．
Scaillet S., Feraud G., Lagabrielle Y, Ballevre M., and Amouric M.,1992, Mg/Fe and [(Mg,Fe)Si-Al2] on argon behaviour in high-pressure white micas: a 40Ar-39Ar continuous laser probe from the Dora Maira nappe of the internal Western Alps, Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56:2851-2872．
Scaillet, S., 1996． Excess 40Ar transpot scale and mechanism in high-pressue phengites: a case study study from an eclogitized metabasite of Dra Maira nappe, Western Alps. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1075-1090．
Scaillet, S., Feraud, G., Lagabrielle, Y, Ballevre, M., Amouric, 1997． on argon behaviour in high-pressure white micas: a 40Ar-39Ar continuous laser probe from the Dora Maira nappe of the internal Western Alps, Italy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 2851-2872．
Schaeffer, O. A., and J. Zahringer, eds. (1966) Potassium Argon Dating. Springer-Verlag, New York, 234 p.
Schaeffer, O. A., Muller, H. W. and Grove, T. L.. Laser 39Ar-40Ar Study of Appollo 17 basalts Proc. 8th Lunar.Sci. Conf. ,1977,1489-1499．
Scharer, U., Arnaud, N., Brunei, M., Malavieille, J. and Chen Wen. Upper triassic and Cretaceous
age signatures of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Rb-Sr Mineral ages.Symposium on uplift, deformation and deep strcture of northern Tibet, 1995．
Scharer, U., Hamet, J. & Allegre, C. J.,.1983, The Trans-himalaya(Gandese) plutonism in the Ladakh region: an U-Pb and Rb/Sr study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67:327-339．
Scharer, U., Xu Ronghua & Allegre, C. J.. 1984, U-Pb geochronology of the Gandese (Trans-himalaya) plutonism in the Lhasa-Xigaze region,Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67:311-320．
Schearer U, Tapponnier P, Lacassin R H, Zhong D, Ji S. 1990． Intraplate tectonics in Asia: a precise age for Tertiary large-scale movement along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear belt, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 97:65-77．
Shafiqullah, M., and P. E. Damon (1974) Evolution of K-Ar isochron methods. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 38, 1341-1358．
Sheng, X. J..Tectonically thermal evolution mechanism of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Geological Science, 1986,2:101-113．
Sutter, J., Hartung, J. and Kunk, M., 1986． In situ 39Ar-40Ar ages of single mineral grains using a laser microprobe. 6th Int. Conf. on Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology. Terra Cognita, 6:149(abstrat).
Tapponnier and P.Molnar, 1977, Active Faulting and Cenozoic Tectonics of China. J. Geophys. Res., 82(20) , p.2905-2930．
Tapponnier P. and P. Molnar, 1976, Slip line field theory and large-scale continental tectonics, Nature, 264, p.319-324．
Tapponnier P., G. Peltzer and R. Armijo, 1986, On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia, in Collision Tectonics, edited by M.P.Coward and A.C. Ries, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 19, p. 115-157．
Tapponnier, P., Meyer, B., Avouac, J. P., Peltzer, G., Gaudemer, Y., Shunmin Quo, Hongfa Xiang, Kelun Yin, Zhitai Chen, Shuahua Cai, and Huagang Dai, Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 97, 382-403, 1990a.
Tapponnier P., R. Lacassin, P.H. Leloup, U. Scharer, Zhong Dalai, Liu Xiaohan, Ji Shaocheng, Zhang Lianshang and Zhong Jiayou, 1990b, The Ailao Shan / Red River metamorphic belt; Tertiary left lateral shear between Indochina and South China,Nature, 343, p.431-437．
Tapponnier, P., et al., The Tibetan side of the India-Eurasia collision. Nature, 1981, 294: 405-410．
Turner S. P. Foden J. D and Morrison R. S., 1992, Derivation of some A-type magmas by fractionation of basaltic magma: An example from the Padthaway Ridge, South Australia. Lithos, 28, 151-179．
Turner, G. (1968) The distribution of potassium and argon in chonddrites. 387-398． In Origin and Distribution of the Element. L. H. Ahrens. Ed. Pergamon Press. London.
Turner, G. (1969) Thermal histories of meteorites by the 39Ar-40Ar method. In meteorite Research. PM. Millman. ed., pp. 407-417． Reidel Publ. Co.
Turner, G. (1970) 40Ar-39Ar age determination of lunar rock 12013． Earth Planet. Sci. Letters.9． 177-180．
Turner, G. (1971a)Argon-40-argon-39 dating: The optimization of irradiation parameters. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 10． 227-234．
Turner, G., A. Miller, and R. L. Grasty (1966) The thermal history of the Bruderheim meteorite.
Turner, G., J. C. Huneke, F. A. Podosek, and G. J. Wasserburg (1971b)40Ar-39Ar ages and codmic-ray exposure ages of Apollo 14 samples. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters. 12． 19-35．
Wang Zejiu, Wu Gongjian and Xiao Xuchang etal., 1997, Global Geoscience transect, Golmud-Ejin transect China. Beijing, China Geological Map Printing House.
Wang,S.S., 1998, Excess argon-bearing phengite from UHPM eclogite: a new geochronological evidence, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.43 Supp., pp140．
White, A. J. R., and Chappll, B. W.. Ultrmetamorphism and granitoid genesis. Tecnophysics, 1977, 43:7-22．
Xiao Xuchang and Li Tingdong, Tectonic evolution and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Episodes, 1995, 18 (1-2) , 31-35．
Xu Ronghua, Scharer, U.,& Allegre, C. J.. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa Block (Tibet): a geochronological study. J. Geol., 1985,93:41-57．
Xu Ronghua, Zhang Yuquan, Ph. Vidal, N. Arnaud, Zhang Qiaoda. 1994, A discovery of an early Paleozoic tectonic-Magmatic belt in the northern part of West Kunlun Mountains. Scientia Geological Sinica, 29(4) :313-328．
YANG Jingsui,XU Zhiqin, Li Haibing, WU Cailai, CUI Junwen, ZHANG Jianxin & CHEN Wen,1998, Discovery of eclogite at northern margin Of Qaidam Basin, NW China, Chinese Science Bulletin Vol.43, No.20, p. 1755-1760．
Yin A, Harrison T M, Ryerson R J, Chen Wenji, Kidd W S F, Copeland R, 1994． Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese thrust system, southeastern Tibet. J. Geophys. Res., 99(18) : 175-201．
York, D., Hall, C. M., Yanase.Y., Hanes, J. A. and Kenon, J., 1981． 39Ar-40Ar dating of terrestrial minerals with a continuous laser. Geophys, Res. Lett., 8(11) : 1136-1138．