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秦巴山区乡村聚落规划与建设策略研究
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摘要
在社会主义新农村的洪潮下催生了很多乡村理论研究和社会实践的行动,并赋予了其时代的特征和历史意义。但是,现阶段的乡村聚落规划与建设的理论与技术的研究往往以城市的模型为主,脱离不了城市或城镇规划的影子。虽然不同的乡村聚落之间存在共性,但是不同地域的乡村聚落由于自身的自然环境和文化环境双重因素决定其之间的差异,因此不能用统一的规划与建设的模式套用所有的乡村聚落,本文主要针对秦巴山区这种特殊的地理环境的乡村聚落,对其的规划与建设策略进行研究。
     由于秦巴山区部分乡村聚落受到自然灾害的严重破坏,本文以此作为研究的实践对其进行规划与建设。为了实现研究目标,综合运用多学科理论,通过现状调查、问题分析、对策提出、实践探索的基本研究思路,采用实地调研与统计分析相结合、村民参与、适宜性探索的研究方法,针对乡村聚落的现状存在问题,探讨秦巴山区乡村聚落规划与建设策略。首先,对秦巴山区乡村聚落现状进行深入调研。通过对乡村聚落形态格局、宅院空间和住宅建筑等方面的现状考察,揭示秦巴山区乡村聚落的特点和肌理,明确其现状所存在的普遍问题和急需要解决的重点问题。其次,对现有各类乡村规划类型及规划体系进行全面分析和反思,结合秦巴山区乡村聚落的特点,借鉴国内外相关理论和经验,对乡村聚落方法进行梳理,尝试提出建立一套针对秦巴山区乡村聚落特点的、科学的规划与建设的策略。第三,对提出的策略详细展开论述,从宏观到微观的角度出发,尝提出将宅院建筑设计纳入到聚落规划层面的规划方法和建设策略:乡村聚落总体规划—乡村聚落建设规划—宅院及建筑设计,并在操作层面上详细界定各层级相应的内容。最后,以大坪村规划与建设实践为例,通过对其现状特点的分析,运用上述的规划与建设策略,对其实践性加以检验。
     本文试图借鉴国内外相关的乡村聚落规划方法与经验,以秦巴山区乡村聚落为背景,在深入调查和理论探究的基础上,站在乡村聚落内部看乡村聚落的角度和宏观的规划到微观的建筑设计的规划与建设程序,以完善乡村聚落规划与建设内容为基点对秦巴山区乡村聚落规划与建设策略进行研究。目前乡村规划内容完善还面临很多问题,尤其是针对落后的秦巴山区乡村聚落,本课题的研究有助于明确山区乡村规划定位与层级关系,加强山区乡村规划编制的科学性,指导秦巴山区健康、科学的发展。通过研究该地区的乡村聚落规划与建设策略为具有相似背景的其它山区乡村聚落规划与建设提供了理论根据和技术支撑,因而对科学指导山区乡村聚落建设具有重要的实践价值。同时对于完善整个乡村聚落规划与建设体系,指导乡村聚落规划与建设具有重要理论价值和实践意义。
Currently, the architecture and planning discipline practices mainly in the cities,the corresponding theoretical system of building and technical studies are often basedon urban models, due to its natural environment and cultural environment constructionof the dual factors in rural settlement. However, at this stage of planning andconstruction of rural settlements, the theory and technology research is often based onurban models, can not escape from the shadow of the city or town planning.Whiledifferent commonalities exist between rural settlements, rural settlements in differentregions but due to its natural environment and cultural environment of its double thedifference between factors and therefore can not use a unified planning andconstruction of the model applied to all rural settlements. This thesis is planning andbuilding strategy which is mainly for the special geographical environment of ruralsettlements in QinBa mountain regions.
     It is necessary to choice the Qin Ba mountain regions as the object of this study. Itwas mainly due to mountainous terrain conditions of rural settlements there is a bigproblem, but also by natural disasters, serious damage to rural settlements through theplanning and construction of much-needed way to improve villagers' living andproduce conditions. In order to achieve the research objectives, the integrated use ofmulti-disciplinary theories, the investigation in spot, problem analysis,countermeasures proposed, practical exploration of basic research ideas, based on fieldresearch and statistical analysis combined with villagers to participate, to explore theappropriateness of research methods for rural settlements status problems, try to findfavorable planning and building strategy of Qin Ba mountain regions of rural settlements.First of all, it must be research on the status of rural settlements in Qin Bamountain regions in-depth. Through of status inspection about rural settlements pattern,courtyard space and residential construction to reveals characteristics of Qin Bamountain regions of rural settlements and texture, and clear the status of the generalproblem and the urgent need to focus on solving the problem. Secondly, It has acomprehensive analysis and reflection with the existing types of rural planning and theplanning system, combined with the characteristics of rural settlements Qin Bamountain regions, learn the theory and experience of rural settlements about Domesticand foreign, and then to sort out the method, attempted to establish a scientificplanning and construction strategies for Qin Ba mountain regions characteristics ofrural settlements. Third, the proposed strategy in detail discussed, from the macro tothe micro perspective, try to put the overall planning of rural settlements, constructionplanning of rural settlement, courtyard space and architectural design three levels ofthe system, and its level of in-depth analysis of the content. Finally, Take the Da Pingvillage practice for planning and construction example, through to analyzing thecharacteristics of its status, use of the planning and building strategy, to be tested for itspracticality.
     This article attempts to introduce the theory of urban planning and constructionplanning of rural settlements, rural settlements in Qin Ba mountain regions as abackdrop to explore in-depth investigation and theoretical, based on the angle to seethe inside of rural settlements, and from macro–settlement planning to themicro-architecture design, through planning and construction process to improve thecontent of planning and construction of rural settlements anchored to the Qin Bamountain regions of rural settlements planning and development strategiesresearch.Content of rural planning is currently facing many problems also improved,especially for backward Qin Ba mountain regions of rural settlements, this researchwill help clear mountain village level planning position and the relationship tostrengthen the preparation of the scientific mountain rural planning, guiding the ruralsettlements in Qin Ba mountain regions to have a healthy and scientificdevelopment.By studying the Qin Ba mountain region's rural settlements planning andbuilding strategy for the background of the other mountains with similar planning and construction of rural settlements to provide a theoretical basis and technical support,thus building scientific guidance mountainous rural settlements has important practicalvalue. At the same time for the perfect planning and construction of rural settlementsthroughout the system to guide the planning and construction of rural settlements hasimportant theoretical and practical significance.
引文
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