基于工作流的Web应用框架研究及实践
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摘要
工作流系统是实现业务流程再造的有效途径，而领域框架是面向领域的复用，两者结合能为领域软件提供良好的业务流程再造、提升软件复用度。本文提出了一种面向关键业务的J2EE Web应用领域的框架，能有效的为Web应用提供业务流程动态配置及再造，同时论文从系统体系结构、支撑服务、关键技术等方面对其进行深入研究。
论文共分七章，具体内容如下：
第一章，介绍了论文研究背景，并对国内外学者就工作流和Web应用框架等方面的理论和实践研究进行综述。在此基础上，详细阐述了文章的主要研究内容和总体结构。
第二章，对工作流相关概念、参考模型、工作流技术的现状和发展等方面研究的基础上，开发了一个基于关系结构的工作流管理系统，并从工作流模型定义、工作流引擎、任务指派、用户接口等各方面全面描述。
第三章，系统全面地讨论了框架相关理论和基于框架结构的开发方式，并对典型的Web应用框架进行论述。
第四章，以面向实现关键业务的Web应用为研究对象，在分析其系统结构、用例图及对象交互图的基础上，提出并实现了基于工作流的Web应用框架。
第五章，构建了面向工作流的Web组件，探索了组件构成、连接与管理及参数设置的原理，实现了通用表单生成、数据上报组件和通用数据审批等典型的Web组件。
第六章，基于工作流的Web应用框架，实现了灾害救助快速反应系统，能有效的实现业务流程动态配置和再造。
第七章，总结了本文的研究开发工作，对工作流系统、Web应用框架等技术的发展进行了展望。
Workflow Technology is a useful way to implement Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), while domain engineering extends software engineering, and the design of domain framework is the most important thing of domain engineering. The combination of above two cannot support BPR but also can help achieve software reuse. This paper put up with a framework for the domain of the J2EE web Application implementing work flows and critical businesses, then describe and analysis it in terms of architecture, supporting services and key technologies.
Chapter 1 the background and status of web framework and workflow is firstly introduced. Then followed by a brief introduction to the dissertation's architecture.
Chapter 2 Introduction to the technology of workflow is presented first it is described in detail from the aspects of conception, reference model and the current status and development, and then a workflow management system which is based on the Relational Database and developed for the Web Application is analyzed through the presentations of flow definition, engineer, tasks assigning and WAPI.
Chapter 3 Systematically discuss the technology of framework and web framework, some prevalent examples of web framework are also given.
Chapter 4 put forward a Web Application Framework based on Workflow which is based on the research of the web applications for critical businesses, and then analyze it from its architecture, use cases, sequence diagrams.
Chapter 5 introduce the Conception of Web Component for Workflow, and then discuss it from the views of business logic implementation, data exchanging between Web Components, web components management and Web Component setting, etc. Finally two examples of the web component are analyzed.
Chapter 6 provide an example called Disaster Ministration Rapid Reaction System, which is based on the web application framework based on workflow, it can
implement the business process building dynamically and reengineering. .
Chapter 7 summarizes the research work in this dissertation, and gives the future worked of this research.
论文共分七章，具体内容如下：
第一章，介绍了论文研究背景，并对国内外学者就工作流和Web应用框架等方面的理论和实践研究进行综述。在此基础上，详细阐述了文章的主要研究内容和总体结构。
第二章，对工作流相关概念、参考模型、工作流技术的现状和发展等方面研究的基础上，开发了一个基于关系结构的工作流管理系统，并从工作流模型定义、工作流引擎、任务指派、用户接口等各方面全面描述。
第三章，系统全面地讨论了框架相关理论和基于框架结构的开发方式，并对典型的Web应用框架进行论述。
第四章，以面向实现关键业务的Web应用为研究对象，在分析其系统结构、用例图及对象交互图的基础上，提出并实现了基于工作流的Web应用框架。
第五章，构建了面向工作流的Web组件，探索了组件构成、连接与管理及参数设置的原理，实现了通用表单生成、数据上报组件和通用数据审批等典型的Web组件。
第六章，基于工作流的Web应用框架，实现了灾害救助快速反应系统，能有效的实现业务流程动态配置和再造。
第七章，总结了本文的研究开发工作，对工作流系统、Web应用框架等技术的发展进行了展望。
Workflow Technology is a useful way to implement Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), while domain engineering extends software engineering, and the design of domain framework is the most important thing of domain engineering. The combination of above two cannot support BPR but also can help achieve software reuse. This paper put up with a framework for the domain of the J2EE web Application implementing work flows and critical businesses, then describe and analysis it in terms of architecture, supporting services and key technologies.
Chapter 1 the background and status of web framework and workflow is firstly introduced. Then followed by a brief introduction to the dissertation's architecture.
Chapter 2 Introduction to the technology of workflow is presented first it is described in detail from the aspects of conception, reference model and the current status and development, and then a workflow management system which is based on the Relational Database and developed for the Web Application is analyzed through the presentations of flow definition, engineer, tasks assigning and WAPI.
Chapter 3 Systematically discuss the technology of framework and web framework, some prevalent examples of web framework are also given.
Chapter 4 put forward a Web Application Framework based on Workflow which is based on the research of the web applications for critical businesses, and then analyze it from its architecture, use cases, sequence diagrams.
Chapter 5 introduce the Conception of Web Component for Workflow, and then discuss it from the views of business logic implementation, data exchanging between Web Components, web components management and Web Component setting, etc. Finally two examples of the web component are analyzed.
Chapter 6 provide an example called Disaster Ministration Rapid Reaction System, which is based on the web application framework based on workflow, it can
implement the business process building dynamically and reengineering. .
Chapter 7 summarizes the research work in this dissertation, and gives the future worked of this research.
引文
[1] 范玉顺．工作流管理技术基础—实现企业业务过程重组、过程管理与过程自动化的核心技术．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001．
[2] Hollingsworth D. The Workflow Reference Model. Workflow Management Coalition, 1994
[3] Gaspari M,Motta E, Stutt A. An Open Framework for Cooperative Problem Sloving. IEEE Expert, 1995
[4] 左爱群，黄水松 基于组件的软件开发方法研究．计算机应用第18卷第11期1998．11 p4-7
[5] 齐勇等 基于软构件的应用服务器框架及其组件管理器的研究．计算机工程及应用 2001 9 p40
[6] Sommerville I SoftWare Engineering Fourth Edition Addioson Wesley, 1993
[7] 罗海滨 范玉顺 吴澄等 工作流技术综述．软件学报2000，11(7)p899—907
[8] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋等 工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学2001年第23卷第1期
[9] 史美林 杨光信 向勇 伍尚广 一个基于Web的工作流管理系统 软件学报 Vol.10，No.11
[10] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋 工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学 2001年第23卷第1期
[11] Miller J A,Sheth A P, Kochut K J, etal. CORBA-Based Run-Time Architecture for Workflow Management Systems. Journal of Database Management, 1996,7(1)p16-27
[12] Smith T. The Future of Workflow Software. INFORM[C], 1993.50-51
[13] Schael T. Workflow Management for Process Organizations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol1096. Springer-Verlag, 1996
[14] Das S. ORBWork: adistributed CORBA-based runtime for the METEOR 2 workflow management system [MSThesis]. University of Georgia, 1997
[15] Palaniswami D. Development of WebWork: METEOR 2's web-based workflow management system [MSThesis]. University of Georgia, 1997
[16] Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi E A et al. Exotica/FMQM: a persistent message-based architecture for distributed workflow management. Technical Report, RJ9912, IBM Almaden Research Center, 1994
[17] Geppert A, Tombros D. Event-Based distributed workflow execution with EVE. Technical Report, 96.05, University of Zurich, 1996
[18] Cai Ting, Gloor A, Nog S. DartFlow: a workflow management system on the web using transportable agents. Technical Report, PCS-TR96-283, Dartmouth College,1996
[19] Kanmath M, Alonso G, Guenthorer R, etal. Providing High Availability in Very Large Workflow Management Systems [A]. In: Proc 5th Int'l Conf on Extending Database Tech-nology [C], Avignon, France, 1996
[20] Wodtke D, Weissenfels J, Weikum G, etal. The Mentor Project: Steps Towards Enterprise-Wide Workflow Man-agement [A]. In: Proc 11th Int'l Conf on Data Engineering, New Orleans, 1996
[21] Muth P, Wodtke D, Weissenfels J, etal. From Centralized Workflow Specification to Distributed Workflow Execution [J]. JIIS Special Issue on Workflow Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, 10(2): 159-184
[22] Web编程中MVC模型的应用 姚慧广，赵岳松 微机发展 2002年第3期p9-10
[23] 戚欣，熊前兴 基于MVC设计模式的电子商务Web应用框架 武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版 第25卷 第2期2003年4月 p40-43
[24] 张世琨，张文娟，常欣，王立福，杨芙清 基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装 软件学报 1000-9825/2001/12(09)1351-1359
[25] 童立 面向对象的水下声场仿真应用框架研究 博士学位论文 西北工业大学 2001．12．1
[26] 胡书能 可拔插的企业应用框架模型的研究 硕士学位论文 华中科技大学 2002.5.10
[27] 卢涛 可配置进销存系统应用框架的设计和实现 硕士学位论文 四川大学 2002．5．10
[28] 段智勇 基于构件技术的分布式应用框架研究 硕士学位论文 河海大学 2002．3．1
[29] 孙延涛 基于组件和设计模式的仓库系统框架设计 硕士学位论文 山东大学 2001．11．22
[30] Tapestry:Java Web Components:Summary http://sourceforge.net/projects/tapestry/ 2004.3.5
[31] JSF:Java Web Components:Summary http://sourceforge.net/projects/JSF/ 2004.3.5
[32] Leo Lahav Hobbes Framework-an adaptable solution to web-driven applications Computer Standards & Interfaces 25 (2003) 271-274
[33] 用WebWork、JSP、Velocity建立注册页面 http://study.vipcn.com/InfoView/ Article_1163.html 2004.3.7
[34] 周鹏 Web再工程辅助工作台框架原型的构筑 北京工业大学 硕士学位论文 2002.5.1
[35] 唐敏 Web报表工具及其支撑框架的设计与实现 北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 2001.2.1
[36] Grudin J. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: History and Focus. IEEE Computer, 1994-05
[37] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology and glossary. Technical Report, WfMCTC-1011, Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition, 1996
[38] Mohan C. Recent trends in workflow management products, standards, and research. 1997. http://www.almaden.ibmcom/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps
[39] Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi E A et al. Functionality and limitations of current workflow management systems. 1997 http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfmsys.ps
[40] Rusinkiew icz M, Sheth A. Specification and execution of transactional workflows. In: W on K im ed. Modem Databas Systems: The Object Model,
Interoperability, and Beyond. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995
[41] Van der A alst W M P. Three good reasons for using a Petri-net-based workflow management system. In: Navathe S, Wakayama T eds. Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Information and Process Integrationin Enterprises (IPIC'96). Camebridge, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.179-201
[42] 张锦，汤一平 基于LDAP和JNDI的通用用户管理组件的开发 计算机与应用 2003.12增刊 第23卷 p131-133
[2] Hollingsworth D. The Workflow Reference Model. Workflow Management Coalition, 1994
[3] Gaspari M,Motta E, Stutt A. An Open Framework for Cooperative Problem Sloving. IEEE Expert, 1995
[4] 左爱群，黄水松 基于组件的软件开发方法研究．计算机应用第18卷第11期1998．11 p4-7
[5] 齐勇等 基于软构件的应用服务器框架及其组件管理器的研究．计算机工程及应用 2001 9 p40
[6] Sommerville I SoftWare Engineering Fourth Edition Addioson Wesley, 1993
[7] 罗海滨 范玉顺 吴澄等 工作流技术综述．软件学报2000，11(7)p899—907
[8] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋等 工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学2001年第23卷第1期
[9] 史美林 杨光信 向勇 伍尚广 一个基于Web的工作流管理系统 软件学报 Vol.10，No.11
[10] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋 工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学 2001年第23卷第1期
[11] Miller J A,Sheth A P, Kochut K J, etal. CORBA-Based Run-Time Architecture for Workflow Management Systems. Journal of Database Management, 1996,7(1)p16-27
[12] Smith T. The Future of Workflow Software. INFORM[C], 1993.50-51
[13] Schael T. Workflow Management for Process Organizations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol1096. Springer-Verlag, 1996
[14] Das S. ORBWork: adistributed CORBA-based runtime for the METEOR 2 workflow management system [MSThesis]. University of Georgia, 1997
[15] Palaniswami D. Development of WebWork: METEOR 2's web-based workflow management system [MSThesis]. University of Georgia, 1997
[16] Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi E A et al. Exotica/FMQM: a persistent message-based architecture for distributed workflow management. Technical Report, RJ9912, IBM Almaden Research Center, 1994
[17] Geppert A, Tombros D. Event-Based distributed workflow execution with EVE. Technical Report, 96.05, University of Zurich, 1996
[18] Cai Ting, Gloor A, Nog S. DartFlow: a workflow management system on the web using transportable agents. Technical Report, PCS-TR96-283, Dartmouth College,1996
[19] Kanmath M, Alonso G, Guenthorer R, etal. Providing High Availability in Very Large Workflow Management Systems [A]. In: Proc 5th Int'l Conf on Extending Database Tech-nology [C], Avignon, France, 1996
[20] Wodtke D, Weissenfels J, Weikum G, etal. The Mentor Project: Steps Towards Enterprise-Wide Workflow Man-agement [A]. In: Proc 11th Int'l Conf on Data Engineering, New Orleans, 1996
[21] Muth P, Wodtke D, Weissenfels J, etal. From Centralized Workflow Specification to Distributed Workflow Execution [J]. JIIS Special Issue on Workflow Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, 10(2): 159-184
[22] Web编程中MVC模型的应用 姚慧广，赵岳松 微机发展 2002年第3期p9-10
[23] 戚欣，熊前兴 基于MVC设计模式的电子商务Web应用框架 武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版 第25卷 第2期2003年4月 p40-43
[24] 张世琨，张文娟，常欣，王立福，杨芙清 基于软件体系结构的可复用构件制作和组装 软件学报 1000-9825/2001/12(09)1351-1359
[25] 童立 面向对象的水下声场仿真应用框架研究 博士学位论文 西北工业大学 2001．12．1
[26] 胡书能 可拔插的企业应用框架模型的研究 硕士学位论文 华中科技大学 2002.5.10
[27] 卢涛 可配置进销存系统应用框架的设计和实现 硕士学位论文 四川大学 2002．5．10
[28] 段智勇 基于构件技术的分布式应用框架研究 硕士学位论文 河海大学 2002．3．1
[29] 孙延涛 基于组件和设计模式的仓库系统框架设计 硕士学位论文 山东大学 2001．11．22
[30] Tapestry:Java Web Components:Summary http://sourceforge.net/projects/tapestry/ 2004.3.5
[31] JSF:Java Web Components:Summary http://sourceforge.net/projects/JSF/ 2004.3.5
[32] Leo Lahav Hobbes Framework-an adaptable solution to web-driven applications Computer Standards & Interfaces 25 (2003) 271-274
[33] 用WebWork、JSP、Velocity建立注册页面 http://study.vipcn.com/InfoView/ Article_1163.html 2004.3.7
[34] 周鹏 Web再工程辅助工作台框架原型的构筑 北京工业大学 硕士学位论文 2002.5.1
[35] 唐敏 Web报表工具及其支撑框架的设计与实现 北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 2001.2.1
[36] Grudin J. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: History and Focus. IEEE Computer, 1994-05
[37] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology and glossary. Technical Report, WfMCTC-1011, Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition, 1996
[38] Mohan C. Recent trends in workflow management products, standards, and research. 1997. http://www.almaden.ibmcom/cs/exotica/wfnato97.ps
[39] Alonso G, Agrawal D, Abbadi E A et al. Functionality and limitations of current workflow management systems. 1997 http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/exotica/wfmsys.ps
[40] Rusinkiew icz M, Sheth A. Specification and execution of transactional workflows. In: W on K im ed. Modem Databas Systems: The Object Model,
Interoperability, and Beyond. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1995
[41] Van der A alst W M P. Three good reasons for using a Petri-net-based workflow management system. In: Navathe S, Wakayama T eds. Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Information and Process Integrationin Enterprises (IPIC'96). Camebridge, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.179-201
[42] 张锦，汤一平 基于LDAP和JNDI的通用用户管理组件的开发 计算机与应用 2003.12增刊 第23卷 p131-133
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