高速公路改扩建作业区交通组织及安全保障技术研究
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摘要
交通基础设施的完善度关乎国民经济的发展空间。近年来，随着我国对基础设施建设投资的加大，高速公路里程不断增长。但是公路在建成后，交通负荷也急剧增加，随着运营时间的推移，我国早期建成的高速公路不能满足日益增长的交通量需求，很多高速公路的交通量超过了其设计通行能力，服务水平不断下降，直接导致了高速公路交通拥堵，并且很多早期建成的高速公路路基路面破损严重，影响行车舒适度，存在安全隐患，导致交通事故。因此，大量的高速公路需要升级改造或者扩建。目前，高速公路改扩建已成为我国公路工程建设中的一个热点，对高速公路改扩建作业区的交通流进行有效的组织疏导是改扩建工程面临重要问题，因此对高速公路改扩建作业区交通组织及安全保障技术进行研究有着重要意义。论文主要以深汕西高速公路、陕川界（棋盘关）至广元段高速公路、西禹高速公路改扩建工程作为案例进行高速公路作业区的交通组织及安全研究。
在论述国内外相关研究现状的基础上，首先，对高速公路改扩建方案的影响因素进行了分析，确定了作业区交通基础数据调查与分析的方法，对依托工程深汕西公路的改扩建区的交通流进行了调查，并对运行特性做了细致的分析；然后，对作业区的交通事故特性进行了分析，讨论了交通事故的成因机理，分为主观因素与客观因素两大类，以依托工程的交通事故资料为基础，研究作业区的交通事故的各种分布规律（时间、空间、原因、形态），采用累计频率法对事故多发位置进行鉴别，并提出了深汕西高速公路作业区的事故多发位置处置措施。
对高速公路作业区的交通组织设计进行了研究。针对改扩建工程各种交通组织方案，探讨了交通组织方案的特点及适用性；结合高速公路改扩建工程交通组织影响因素，分别按施工方式、施工对象、点线面层次以及远中近结构的不同角度提出了交通组织策略及方法，重点提出了“远端分流，中端控制，近端管理”的交通流组织策略，确定了依托工程改扩建的交通组织方案。
以VISSIM软件为平台，建立高速公路改扩建交通流组织的建模方法及路网、路段仿真模型，得到基本路段的交通流组织关键参数值，结合依托工程的交通流数据，对交通流组织方案进行仿真验证和修改，最终得到深汕西高速公路施工作业区的交通流组织方案仿真模型。
讨论了高速公路改扩建作业区交通标志的设置方法，对标志标线、护栏以及其他安全设施的设置原则、方法及要求做了详细的论述；研究了作业区的速度控制技术，提出了具体的限速方案；重点进行了交通标志的视认性实验，对警示标志与限速标志分别进行了颜色与内容的视认度分析，对比分析了设计交通标志与现有交通标志下交通量差异，给出了施工作业区交通标志颜色与内容优化设计的建议。最后，制定了改扩建作业区应急预案。
本论文研究成果为我国高速公路改扩建作业区交通流组织方案提供了新的思路和方法，对改扩建作业区交通流组织及安全保障具有重要的参考价值。
Degree of perfection of transportation infrastructure is connected with the developmentof the national economy. In recent years, Chinese Investment in infrastructure construction isbecoming larger,highway mileage is increasing constantly.But after the road is built,supporting facilities is increasing more quikly,as the passage of service time,the earlierhighway can’t correspond with the increasingly traffic demand,many highway’s volume oftraffic exceeds the design traffic capacity, service level is declining constantly,leading to thehighway traffic jams directly,in addition, the earlier highway’s subgrade and pavement isbroken badly,influencing driving comfort and security,these changes hide potential safetyhazards,leading to the traffic accidents.Therefore,a large number of highway need upgrading，transforming or expansion. Currently,reconstruetion and extension of expressways havebecome a hot spot in China's expressway construction, it’s important that how to divert thetraffic flow in time during the renovation and expansion. Therefore, study of the trafficorganization program has an important significance.The paper mainly regardsShenzhen,shantou west-middle section of highway as the case for highway constructionoperation area of traffic organization and the safety research.
Based on the analysis of relevant research results,firstly,analysising the scheme ofreconstruetion and extension of expressways,determining the methods of investigating andanalysising transportation infrastructure data,investigating the traffic flow ofShenzhen,shantou west-middle section of highway and analysising the operating charactristicsof it meticulously;Then,analysising the traffic accident characteristics of operationarea,dicussing the factor of taffic accidents,the factor is divided into subjective factor andobjective factor,the basis is the traffic accident data
of the operation area,studying the various didribution regulation(time,space,cause,form)of the operation area’s traffic accidents, Multiple accident location identification methods isidentified by Cumulative frequency method,at the same time,in Shenzhen,shantouwest-middle section of highway, treatment measures is put forward.
Studying on the traffic organization design of the expressway work zone, according todifferent traffic organization schemes, we have made a discussion on the characteristics of thetraffic organization schemes, combined with the influential factors, from different aspectssuch as construction mode, construction projects, level and the gradation of the structure, wearise different schemes and method of traffic organization. The key point is:”separating the traffic in the far-end, and controlling in the mid-sections, as to the traffic flow nearby, paymore attention to the supervision.” At last, decide the traffic organization scheme based on thehighway expansion.
Based on the software named VISSIM, we established a model of road network, androad simulation model was established, too. The method to establish a model on the trafficorganization during the expansion of the expressway is put forward. from the model, the keyvalue of the traffic organization is obtained, combined with the traffic flow value of theproject, test and verify the schemes, after trial and error, we get the final road simulationmodel of traffic organization in the work zone of west Shen-Shan expressway.
Setting methods of highway operation area safety sign are discussed,settingdiscipline,methods and requirements of markline, guardrail and safety device are alsodiscussed in detail;Putting forward specific speed limit schemes by studying Speed controltechnology;Recognition experiments of traffic sign are mainly performed,analysising thedegree of color and sign content of warning sign and speed limit sign,telling the differencebetween the recognition character of designing traffic sign and the experiment results of thepresent signs,the conclusion that traffic sign color and content need optimal design isdrawn,meanwhile,recommendation of the sign of Construction operation area is putfoeward.Finally,emergency plan theory of reconstruetion and extension of construction area isdetermined.
This thesis research results provide new ideas and methods for the diverting schemes oftraffic flow of reconstruetion and extension of expressways,which is of vital value to thediverting of traffic flow of reconstruetion and extension area.
在论述国内外相关研究现状的基础上，首先，对高速公路改扩建方案的影响因素进行了分析，确定了作业区交通基础数据调查与分析的方法，对依托工程深汕西公路的改扩建区的交通流进行了调查，并对运行特性做了细致的分析；然后，对作业区的交通事故特性进行了分析，讨论了交通事故的成因机理，分为主观因素与客观因素两大类，以依托工程的交通事故资料为基础，研究作业区的交通事故的各种分布规律（时间、空间、原因、形态），采用累计频率法对事故多发位置进行鉴别，并提出了深汕西高速公路作业区的事故多发位置处置措施。
对高速公路作业区的交通组织设计进行了研究。针对改扩建工程各种交通组织方案，探讨了交通组织方案的特点及适用性；结合高速公路改扩建工程交通组织影响因素，分别按施工方式、施工对象、点线面层次以及远中近结构的不同角度提出了交通组织策略及方法，重点提出了“远端分流，中端控制，近端管理”的交通流组织策略，确定了依托工程改扩建的交通组织方案。
以VISSIM软件为平台，建立高速公路改扩建交通流组织的建模方法及路网、路段仿真模型，得到基本路段的交通流组织关键参数值，结合依托工程的交通流数据，对交通流组织方案进行仿真验证和修改，最终得到深汕西高速公路施工作业区的交通流组织方案仿真模型。
讨论了高速公路改扩建作业区交通标志的设置方法，对标志标线、护栏以及其他安全设施的设置原则、方法及要求做了详细的论述；研究了作业区的速度控制技术，提出了具体的限速方案；重点进行了交通标志的视认性实验，对警示标志与限速标志分别进行了颜色与内容的视认度分析，对比分析了设计交通标志与现有交通标志下交通量差异，给出了施工作业区交通标志颜色与内容优化设计的建议。最后，制定了改扩建作业区应急预案。
本论文研究成果为我国高速公路改扩建作业区交通流组织方案提供了新的思路和方法，对改扩建作业区交通流组织及安全保障具有重要的参考价值。
Degree of perfection of transportation infrastructure is connected with the developmentof the national economy. In recent years, Chinese Investment in infrastructure construction isbecoming larger,highway mileage is increasing constantly.But after the road is built,supporting facilities is increasing more quikly,as the passage of service time,the earlierhighway can’t correspond with the increasingly traffic demand,many highway’s volume oftraffic exceeds the design traffic capacity, service level is declining constantly,leading to thehighway traffic jams directly,in addition, the earlier highway’s subgrade and pavement isbroken badly,influencing driving comfort and security,these changes hide potential safetyhazards,leading to the traffic accidents.Therefore,a large number of highway need upgrading，transforming or expansion. Currently,reconstruetion and extension of expressways havebecome a hot spot in China's expressway construction, it’s important that how to divert thetraffic flow in time during the renovation and expansion. Therefore, study of the trafficorganization program has an important significance.The paper mainly regardsShenzhen,shantou west-middle section of highway as the case for highway constructionoperation area of traffic organization and the safety research.
Based on the analysis of relevant research results,firstly,analysising the scheme ofreconstruetion and extension of expressways,determining the methods of investigating andanalysising transportation infrastructure data,investigating the traffic flow ofShenzhen,shantou west-middle section of highway and analysising the operating charactristicsof it meticulously;Then,analysising the traffic accident characteristics of operationarea,dicussing the factor of taffic accidents,the factor is divided into subjective factor andobjective factor,the basis is the traffic accident data
of the operation area,studying the various didribution regulation(time,space,cause,form)of the operation area’s traffic accidents, Multiple accident location identification methods isidentified by Cumulative frequency method,at the same time,in Shenzhen,shantouwest-middle section of highway, treatment measures is put forward.
Studying on the traffic organization design of the expressway work zone, according todifferent traffic organization schemes, we have made a discussion on the characteristics of thetraffic organization schemes, combined with the influential factors, from different aspectssuch as construction mode, construction projects, level and the gradation of the structure, wearise different schemes and method of traffic organization. The key point is:”separating the traffic in the far-end, and controlling in the mid-sections, as to the traffic flow nearby, paymore attention to the supervision.” At last, decide the traffic organization scheme based on thehighway expansion.
Based on the software named VISSIM, we established a model of road network, androad simulation model was established, too. The method to establish a model on the trafficorganization during the expansion of the expressway is put forward. from the model, the keyvalue of the traffic organization is obtained, combined with the traffic flow value of theproject, test and verify the schemes, after trial and error, we get the final road simulationmodel of traffic organization in the work zone of west Shen-Shan expressway.
Setting methods of highway operation area safety sign are discussed,settingdiscipline,methods and requirements of markline, guardrail and safety device are alsodiscussed in detail;Putting forward specific speed limit schemes by studying Speed controltechnology;Recognition experiments of traffic sign are mainly performed,analysising thedegree of color and sign content of warning sign and speed limit sign,telling the differencebetween the recognition character of designing traffic sign and the experiment results of thepresent signs,the conclusion that traffic sign color and content need optimal design isdrawn,meanwhile,recommendation of the sign of Construction operation area is putfoeward.Finally,emergency plan theory of reconstruetion and extension of construction area isdetermined.
This thesis research results provide new ideas and methods for the diverting schemes oftraffic flow of reconstruetion and extension of expressways,which is of vital value to thediverting of traffic flow of reconstruetion and extension area.
引文
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