铁路客车空气调节系统的智能控制
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摘要
铁路客车空气调节控制系统采用变频控制技术可实现制冷量的无级调节、降低系统耗电、提高车内舒适度。铁路客车空气调节系统变频控制可使压缩机的转速随着负荷的大小而改变，由于客室温度波动小从而提高了舒适性。此外，铁路客车空气调节变频控制系统还有启动电流小，快速制冷、制热，噪音小等优点。本文的研究目标有两个。第一是研究铁路空调客车通风系统的控制方法。第二是研究铁路空调客车空气调节系统温度的控制方法。论文共分五个部分：
第一部分介绍了现有铁路客车空气调节控制系统概况。现有空调客车空调控制系统存在的不足铁路空调客车空调变频控制系统概况。
第二部分介绍客车空气调节控制系统的实现方法。文章在分析铁路客车变频调速系统各部分负载特点的基础上，提出了实现铁路客车变频调速的基本控制方法。
第三部分客车空气调节控制系统的智能控制策略。模糊控制技术采用模糊推理方法而且不需要系统的数学模型，具有其它控制方法无法比拟的优势。采用模糊控制将渐成为铁路客车空气调节控制系统发展的主要方向。根据铁路客车客室内的温度传感器测得客室温度值和得出相应的温度变化率，运用模糊控制推理确定新风的温度，进而控制变频压缩机的转速、电磁阀的开度和冷凝风机的转速，达到最佳的运行状况和最佳的节能效果。
文中介绍了这种控制方式的基本原理及方法，应用MATLAB／SIMULINK软件建立了模糊控制系统的仿真模型，并得出了仿真结果。
第四部分介绍了铁路客车空气调节控制系统硬件电路，该系统是由客车空气调节控制系统控制器、外围电路、变频器组组成。
最后介绍了铁路客车空气调节控制系统软件系统设计。
The air conditioner in the train passenger wagon apply the frequency conversion scheme. It can realize the stepless regulation of refrigeration, reduce the consuming of power of the system, and improve comfortation of the passenger wagon. The air conditioner system with frequency conversion can change the rotate speed of compressor with the variation of the load. Because the change of temperature is small, the comfortation of the passenger wagon can be greatly improved. Besides, the air conditioner system with frequency conversion has many virtues such as small start-up current, fast refrigeration or calefaction, low noises and so on. Two objects are to be researched in this paper. One is the control method of air conditioner system .The other is the control method of the temperature control system.
In the first part, the paper presents general condition of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon. Then it shows its disadvantage. It also presents the frequency conversion speed regulation of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon.
In the second part, It is introduced how to realize the air conditioner with frequency conversion. After analyzing the characteristic of the load of the air conditioner system, it is presented the basic control strategy on how to realize the air conditioner with frequency conversion.
In the third part, the paper presents the intelligent control strategies of the air conditioner system with frequency conversion scheme .The fuzzy control technology has obvious advantage because of its fuzzy illation without the math model of the system. The air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon with fuzzy control technology will lead to the development of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon in the future. In this system, the rotate speed of compressor, the extent of open of the electromagnet valve, the rotate speed of electric condensation fan all depend on the temperature data of the carriage from the temperature sensor and the temperature change ratio. Thus, the system can work in the most comfortable situation and save more energy sources.
The elementary principles and features of these control methods are introduced respectively. The simulation model of the system is set up with
MATLAB/SIMULINK. And the simulation results are presented and it proves the feasibility of these control strategies.
In the fourth part, the hard system of the air conditioner control system is described. The system mainly includes the air conditioner controller frequency conversion and other circuits.
Finally, it is presented the software of the air condition control system of rain passenger wagon.
第一部分介绍了现有铁路客车空气调节控制系统概况。现有空调客车空调控制系统存在的不足铁路空调客车空调变频控制系统概况。
第二部分介绍客车空气调节控制系统的实现方法。文章在分析铁路客车变频调速系统各部分负载特点的基础上，提出了实现铁路客车变频调速的基本控制方法。
第三部分客车空气调节控制系统的智能控制策略。模糊控制技术采用模糊推理方法而且不需要系统的数学模型，具有其它控制方法无法比拟的优势。采用模糊控制将渐成为铁路客车空气调节控制系统发展的主要方向。根据铁路客车客室内的温度传感器测得客室温度值和得出相应的温度变化率，运用模糊控制推理确定新风的温度，进而控制变频压缩机的转速、电磁阀的开度和冷凝风机的转速，达到最佳的运行状况和最佳的节能效果。
文中介绍了这种控制方式的基本原理及方法，应用MATLAB／SIMULINK软件建立了模糊控制系统的仿真模型，并得出了仿真结果。
第四部分介绍了铁路客车空气调节控制系统硬件电路，该系统是由客车空气调节控制系统控制器、外围电路、变频器组组成。
最后介绍了铁路客车空气调节控制系统软件系统设计。
The air conditioner in the train passenger wagon apply the frequency conversion scheme. It can realize the stepless regulation of refrigeration, reduce the consuming of power of the system, and improve comfortation of the passenger wagon. The air conditioner system with frequency conversion can change the rotate speed of compressor with the variation of the load. Because the change of temperature is small, the comfortation of the passenger wagon can be greatly improved. Besides, the air conditioner system with frequency conversion has many virtues such as small start-up current, fast refrigeration or calefaction, low noises and so on. Two objects are to be researched in this paper. One is the control method of air conditioner system .The other is the control method of the temperature control system.
In the first part, the paper presents general condition of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon. Then it shows its disadvantage. It also presents the frequency conversion speed regulation of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon.
In the second part, It is introduced how to realize the air conditioner with frequency conversion. After analyzing the characteristic of the load of the air conditioner system, it is presented the basic control strategy on how to realize the air conditioner with frequency conversion.
In the third part, the paper presents the intelligent control strategies of the air conditioner system with frequency conversion scheme .The fuzzy control technology has obvious advantage because of its fuzzy illation without the math model of the system. The air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon with fuzzy control technology will lead to the development of the air conditioner system of rain passenger wagon in the future. In this system, the rotate speed of compressor, the extent of open of the electromagnet valve, the rotate speed of electric condensation fan all depend on the temperature data of the carriage from the temperature sensor and the temperature change ratio. Thus, the system can work in the most comfortable situation and save more energy sources.
The elementary principles and features of these control methods are introduced respectively. The simulation model of the system is set up with
MATLAB/SIMULINK. And the simulation results are presented and it proves the feasibility of these control strategies.
In the fourth part, the hard system of the air conditioner control system is described. The system mainly includes the air conditioner controller frequency conversion and other circuits.
Finally, it is presented the software of the air condition control system of rain passenger wagon.
引文
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[13] Mohand Mokhatari，Michel Marie著．赵彦玲，吴淑红译．MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用．电子工业出版社．2001
[14] 诸静等．模糊控制原理与应用．北京，机械工业出版社．1996
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[20] 齐向东，一种改进模糊控制稳态性能的方法，太原重型机械学院学报，2000，4
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Adaptation in Enter-feed Induction Motor_Drives IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl 1987, IA-23(1)
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[31] T. G. Habet 1 er, "Direct Torque Control of Induction Machines Using SpaceVector Modultaion", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol, 28, No. 5, Sep/Oct, 1992
[32] Uwe Baader. " Direct self control(DSC) of inverter fed induction machine: A Basis for Speed Control Without Speed Measurement" IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 28, No. 3, May/Jun, 1992
[33] S. M. Elbuluk. "PI and Fuzzy Estimators for Turning the Stator Resistance in Direct Torque Control of Induction Machine", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 13, No. 2, Mar/Apr, 1992
[34] T. G. Habetler. "Control Strategies for Direct Torque Control of Using Discrete Pulse Space Modulation", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol .27, No. 5, Sep/Oct, 1991
[35] Kaura V, Blasko V. A new method to improve linearity of a sinusoidal PWM in the over modulation Region. IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol . 32 No. 5, Mar/Apt, 1996
[36] Kaura V. A new method to Linearize any triangle comparisorr based PWM
by reshaping the modulation command IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 33 , No. 5, May/Jun, 1977
[37] M. Masuda. Development of A Multi—system Air Conditioner for Residential use[J].ASHRAE, Vol. 97 Part 1
[38] The Basic Programming Guide[Z], CLI PS6 .Ⅰ Reference Manual Ⅰ. STB of NASA, 1999
[39] R. Mecke, B. Neumann, U. Riefenstahl. PWM current source inverter with reduced filter elements and sinusoidal line as well as motor current. Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives. Conference Publication No. 456 IEE 1998, 9
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[41] Nabae A, etal. An approach to flax control of induction motor operated with variable frequency supply. IEEE EA, 1981, 16. p282-288
[42] 王修才，冷京，张勇．单片机模糊控制器的软件设计．上海师范大学学报(自然科学版)Vol．27，No．1，Mar，1998
[43] 童时中．模块化与计算机软件设计．标准化报道．Vol．18 No．4，1997
[44] 陈焕新，胡益雄，向献红，李宁．铁路客车单元式空调机组性能检测装置的研制．中国铁道科学．Vol．22，No．3，June，2001
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[2] 肖建．现代控制系统综合与设计．北京，中国铁道出版社．2000
[3] 陈伯时．电力拖动自动控制系统．第2版．北京，机械工业出版社1999
[4] 陈国呈．PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术．北京，机械工业出版．2000
[5] 张晓华，朱峰等．电压空间矢量PWM逆变器——异步电机仿真模型的分析．电气传动自动化．2001，No，10
[6] 何立明．电动机的单片机控制．北京航空航天大学出版社．2002
[7] 章卫国，杨向忠．模糊控制理论与应用．西北工业大学出版社．2000．10
[8] 王福瑞等．单片机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社．1999
[9] 罗万钧，沈新，吴方中．汇编语言程序设计．成都，电子科技大学出版社．2002
[10] 李华，孙晓明等．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．1997
[11] 欧阳黎明．MATLAB控制系统设计．北京，国防工业出版社．2001
[12] 楼顺天，张伟．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计——模糊系统．西安，西安电子科技大学出版社．2001
[13] Mohand Mokhatari，Michel Marie著．赵彦玲，吴淑红译．MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用．电子工业出版社．2001
[14] 诸静等．模糊控制原理与应用．北京，机械工业出版社．1996
[15] 孙增沂等．智能控制理论与技术．北京，清华大学出版社．1997
[16] 谢宋和，甘勇等．单片机模糊控制系统设计与应用实例．电子工业出版社．2001
[17] 余永权，李小青等．单片机应用系统的功率接口技术．北京，北京航空航天大学出版社．1999
[18] 白瑞林，一种带有智能积分的模糊控制器，自动化与仪表，1995，10
[19] 王丰浩，余柄丰．复合型模糊空调控制效果分析，电子技术应用，1998，5
[20] 齐向东，一种改进模糊控制稳态性能的方法，太原重型机械学院学报，2000，4
[21] 苏彦民．交流调速系统的控制策略．北京，机械工业出版社．1998
[22] 陈伯时．电力拖动自动控制系统．北京，机械工业出版社．2001
[23] 何冠英．异步电动机变频调速的矢量变换控制系统．电气传动，1984，5
[24] R. Krishna and F. D. Doran. A Method of Sensing-line Voltages for Parameter
Adaptation in Enter-feed Induction Motor_Drives IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl 1987, IA-23(1)
[25] A. J. Pollman. Software Pulsewidth Modulation for Microprocessor Control of hC Drives, IEEE Transdnd. Appl. 1986, IA-22(1)
[26] A. Nabae, K. Tska, H. Uchino, R. Kurosawa. An Approach to Flux Control of Induction Motors Operated with Variable Frequency Supply. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1981, IA-i 6(1)
[27] Mizumoto M. and Tanaka K. The Four Operation of Arithmetic on Fuzzy Number. Syst. Comput. Contr, 1986, 7(5)
[28] Ouattara S. Loslever P. and Guerra T M. Towards a Methodology for Selecting CoodScaling Factor for a Fuzzy Controller, 1996, 83(1)
[29] M. Depenbroke. "direct self control(DSC) of inverter-fed inductionmotor", IEEETrans, Power Electronics, Vo13, No. 4, p420-429, Oct. 1998
[30] I .Takahashi and T. Noguchi. "a new quick response and high efficiency control strategy of induction motor", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol .IA-22, No. 5, p820-827, Sep/Oct, 1986
[31] T. G. Habet 1 er, "Direct Torque Control of Induction Machines Using SpaceVector Modultaion", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol, 28, No. 5, Sep/Oct, 1992
[32] Uwe Baader. " Direct self control(DSC) of inverter fed induction machine: A Basis for Speed Control Without Speed Measurement" IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 28, No. 3, May/Jun, 1992
[33] S. M. Elbuluk. "PI and Fuzzy Estimators for Turning the Stator Resistance in Direct Torque Control of Induction Machine", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 13, No. 2, Mar/Apr, 1992
[34] T. G. Habetler. "Control Strategies for Direct Torque Control of Using Discrete Pulse Space Modulation", IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol .27, No. 5, Sep/Oct, 1991
[35] Kaura V, Blasko V. A new method to improve linearity of a sinusoidal PWM in the over modulation Region. IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol . 32 No. 5, Mar/Apt, 1996
[36] Kaura V. A new method to Linearize any triangle comparisorr based PWM
by reshaping the modulation command IEEE Trans, Ind. App, Vol. 33 , No. 5, May/Jun, 1977
[37] M. Masuda. Development of A Multi—system Air Conditioner for Residential use[J].ASHRAE, Vol. 97 Part 1
[38] The Basic Programming Guide[Z], CLI PS6 .Ⅰ Reference Manual Ⅰ. STB of NASA, 1999
[39] R. Mecke, B. Neumann, U. Riefenstahl. PWM current source inverter with reduced filter elements and sinusoidal line as well as motor current. Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives. Conference Publication No. 456 IEE 1998, 9
[40] Tarn, T.J. Lecture on Nonlinear control, shanghai University of Technology, 1987
[41] Nabae A, etal. An approach to flax control of induction motor operated with variable frequency supply. IEEE EA, 1981, 16. p282-288
[42] 王修才，冷京，张勇．单片机模糊控制器的软件设计．上海师范大学学报(自然科学版)Vol．27，No．1，Mar，1998
[43] 童时中．模块化与计算机软件设计．标准化报道．Vol．18 No．4，1997
[44] 陈焕新，胡益雄，向献红，李宁．铁路客车单元式空调机组性能检测装置的研制．中国铁道科学．Vol．22，No．3，June，2001
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