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大跨度斜拉桥养护管理系统的数字化研究
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摘要
随着大型桥梁设计的轻柔化、结构设计的日趋复杂化以及桥梁安全事故的频频发生,大跨度桥梁的安全性问题日趋引起世界各国政府的重视。到目前为止,大跨度桥梁管理系统的研究取得了一定的成绩,但由于大跨度桥梁养护管理系统是一个复杂的系统工程,无论国内或国外,该领域的研究仍处于基础性的探索阶段,很多问题没有得到解决。基于此背景,本文就大跨度斜拉桥养护管理系统的几个关键问题展开研究。
     首先针对目前国内外大跨度桥梁管理系统的研究和应用现状进行了系统的总结和评述,提出了现有桥梁养护管理系统存在的一些问题,并针对这些问题进行了大跨度斜拉桥数字化养护管理系统的总体框图设计,该系统中提出了将桥梁健康监测数据与养护管理系统相融合的设计思想,以及大跨度斜拉桥的主动养护理念与实施方法,建立较为完整的大型桥梁检查、评估体系。
     基于不确定型层次分析法建立了一套相对完整、实用的大跨径斜拉桥的综合评估理论体系,该体系从评估指标的选择、标度的选择、判断矩阵的构造、区间数判断矩阵的一致性检验、区间数判断矩阵方法的选择,到专家客观权重的计算、指标权重的合成、最后到变权理论在评估结果综合中的应用都进行了深入、细致的研究。通过实例分析,验证了评估理论的可行性和实用性。此外,基于模糊评估理论,建立了一套适用于大跨度斜拉桥综合评估的模糊综合评判方法。该方法从评语等级的确定、隶属函数的建立到合成算子的选择,都对大跨度斜拉桥进行了针对性的研究。这两种评估理论同时应用,相互校核,保证了综合评估结果的客观性和科学性。
     将综合评估指标分为定性指标和定量指标,研究了定性指标的定量化和细致化方法,并根据大跨度斜拉桥评估指标的特点,构造了三类定量指标的“六点法”模型(包括基于“六点法”的正指标模型、逆指标模型和适度指标模型),最后通过三类模型的应用实例,验证了该模型的科学性与适用性。
     建立了大跨度斜拉桥病害诊断库和维修决策库,并应用到了哈尔滨四方台斜拉桥数字化养护管理系统中。该库的建立可为养护人员的病害识别和维修决策提供重要参考。利用耐久性和全时程时效分析理论对斜拉桥进行了长期性能预测,该预测结果为桥梁养护管理部门提供定量的参考。此外,研究了基于规范的承载能力评定理论,并将变权理论应用到其中。
     采用Visual studio.net 2003编程环境和SQL Sever 2000数据库软件,开发了哈尔滨四方台斜拉桥数字化养护管理系统DMMS。DMMS系统建立了比较完整的大跨度斜拉桥养护管理体系,该系统根据人工检查数据库、桥梁基本资料库和健康监测子系统的数据信息,通过对空间有限元模型的修正、计算,采用两种综合评估方法和承载力评估方法对桥梁的状态进行科学的评价,能够完成桥梁的病害诊断、构件预警、寿命预测、维修管理等功能。此外,该系统还建立了较为全面的斜拉桥病害维修知识库,提供了较为完整的斜拉桥养护管理指南和实验方法手册,为大跨度斜拉桥的养护管理工作提供了详细、具体的技术指导,为确保桥梁的安全运营提供可操作的技术手段。
Along with the design trend of pliability, complication and bridge accidents related to safety happening continually, governments of many countries have paid more attention to bridge security. Till now, although some achievements have been attained on management system of long-span bridges, this subject is still at the exploring level and there are still many key problems unsolved, because maintenance and management system of long-span bridges is a complicated systematic engineering. Based on this background, some problems of maintenance and management system of long-span cable-stayed bridges are researched in this thesis.
     First, summarize and appraise the present status of research and application of domestic and foreign bridge management system of long-span bridges, some questions of bridge management system in existence is proposed. Then, a collectivity frame of digitization maintenance and management system of long-span cable-stayed bridge is designed. In the system, the thought of combine bridge health monitoring data with bridge management system is proposed, and the conception of initiative maintenance of cable-stayed bridges is introduced, and then the integrity inspection system and assessment system are established.
     Based on uncertain type of AHP, a suit of integrity and applied theory system of comprehensive assessment of long-span cable-stayed bridges is established. The thorough research of the theories which including assessment indices choice, degree choice, judgment matrix formation, consistency checkout of interval number judgment matrix, calculation method choice of interval number judgment matrix, calculation of experts impersonality weights, synthesization of indices weights and application of variable weight theory is done. The feasibility and practicability of the theories are proved by an instance. Besides, based on fuzzy assessment theory, a fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is established, which is applicable to comprehensive assessment of long-span cable-stayed bridges. The profound study is carried out on assessment grade determination, establishment of subordinate function and composite operator choice. The simultaneous use of the two assessment methods would ensure the objectivity and scientificity of comprehensive assessment results.
     All the indices of comprehensive assessment can be divided into qualitative indices and quantitative indices. The method which makes qualitative indices quantitative and meticulous is studied. Then, three types of‘six-point’models are established,which include positive indices model, negative indices model and moderation indices model. The scientificity and practicability of‘six-point’method are proved by three instances.
     A disease diagnosis database and a maintenance decision-making database of cable-stayed bridges are established, which are applied to Digitization Maintenance and Management System of Harbin Sifangtai Cable-stayed Bridge. The database could provide important references of disease recognition and maintenance decision-making for maintenance personnel. The durability theory and aging analysis theory are used to predict the long-term performance of cable-stayed bridges, and the results could provide quantitive reference for bridge management department. Besides, bearing capacity theory based on criterion is studied, and the variable weight theory is applied.
     Digitization Maintenance and Management System of Harbin Sifangtai Cable-stayed Bridge, which called DMMS, is programmed with SQL Server 2000 and Visual studio.net 2003. DMMS establishes an integrative maintenance and management system for long-span cable-stayed bridges. Based on the data from Manual Inspection Database, Bridge Basic Database and Health Monitoring Subsystem, this system could accomplish the functions such as disease diagnosis, structural pre-warning, life prediction, maintenance and management by updating spatial FE models. DMMS adopts two sets of comprehensive assessment methods and bearing capacity assessment methods to evaluate the state of bridge scientifically. In addition, the system establishes an integrated database of maintenances and diseases for cable-stayed bridges, and provides more comprehensive Maintenance and Management Directory and Experiment Methods Manual. Therefore, the system provides detailed technical instruction for long-span cable-stayed bridges and assistant instrument to ensure the safe service of bridges.
引文
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