褐菖鲉早期仔鱼的生态因子最适范围研究
摘要
鉴于某种生物对某一个生态因子的耐受性限度会随着其他生态因子偏离其最适度的程度的增加而降低的生态学原理,研究了在饥饿条件下,褐菖鲉初生仔鱼在不同盐度下的油球吸收率、初次摄食率、不可逆点PNR、半致死时间和饥饿存活系数SAI,并对盐度影响仔鱼生存能力的机理进行了较为深入的探讨。结果表明,褐菖鲉初生仔鱼在盐度22条件下有最佳的生存能力:有较好的油球吸收率、最高的初次摄食率水平,不可逆点PNR最迟出现、半致死时间最长、饥饿存活系数SAI值最高。究其原因,有以下几点:褐菖鲉仔鱼在该盐度环境下有较高的内源营养转化效率;该盐度环境对褐菖鲉仔鱼提供的足够的浮力,节省了褐菖鲉仔鱼的运动能耗;该盐度环境能最好的维持褐菖鲉仔鱼体内的荷尔蒙水平,使其保持最高的摄食率水平。在适宜的盐度范围内,用于渗透调节的能耗不会对仔鱼的生存产生太大影响。褐菖鲉初生仔鱼的最适生存盐度在22附近,并且随着温度的不同而略有差异:在低温时较适合低盐度环境;在高温条件下更偏向于高盐度环境。
基于同样的生态学原理,对褐菖鲉仔鱼在不同盐度以及不同pH条件下的高温耐受性进行了研究,指标包括不同盐度条件下的高温耐受上限以及不同盐度、pH环境下的高温存活系数SAIht。结果表明,在4和28盐度条件下,褐菖鲉仔鱼的高温耐受上限相对较低;在pH8的环境中,褐菖鲉仔鱼有最好的高温存活能力,并且对pH10的碱性环境耐受性极低;不同盐度下的高温存活系数SAIht呈现出在等渗盐度最高的结果。
本研究得出的褐菖鲉仔鱼的最适盐度和pH范围,与前人的研究结果一致。因此,在不同盐度环境下的饥饿存活系数SAI可以作为对仔鱼的最适盐度范围进行测量的一个行之有效且简单易行的方法。同时,不同pH条件下的高温存活系数SAIht也可作为对仔鱼最适pH范围进行测量的简便方法。
Based on the ecological theory that the extension of one abiotic factor for survival will shrink with another abiotic factor deviating from its optimum, the study is emphasis on the oil sac absorption, first ingestion rate, point of no return(PNR) and survival activity index(SAI) of the unfed rockfish yolk sac larvae. The results indicated that at the salinity of 22, the best overall performance exhibited: the highest first ingestion rate, SAI and the latest PNR. And the reason for the best survival at the salinity was the preferable absorption and conversion of the yolk and oil sac, the lesser energy cost for activity with the sufficient buoyancy and the better hormone level to stimulate the best ingestion.
According to the same theory, the temperature upper limit of the larvae at different salinity, and the survival activity index at high temperature (SAIht) with various salinity and pH were measured. The results were: at 4 and 28 salinity, larvae showed a lower temperature upper limit, while highest SAIht were obtained at pH8..
The optimal salinity and pH for these rockfish larvae from the study were 22 (psu) and pH8, which is consistent with former reports studied by different authors. So these methods mentioned above were practicable for measuring the salinity and pH preference of fish larvae.
基于同样的生态学原理,对褐菖鲉仔鱼在不同盐度以及不同pH条件下的高温耐受性进行了研究,指标包括不同盐度条件下的高温耐受上限以及不同盐度、pH环境下的高温存活系数SAIht。结果表明,在4和28盐度条件下,褐菖鲉仔鱼的高温耐受上限相对较低;在pH8的环境中,褐菖鲉仔鱼有最好的高温存活能力,并且对pH10的碱性环境耐受性极低;不同盐度下的高温存活系数SAIht呈现出在等渗盐度最高的结果。
本研究得出的褐菖鲉仔鱼的最适盐度和pH范围,与前人的研究结果一致。因此,在不同盐度环境下的饥饿存活系数SAI可以作为对仔鱼的最适盐度范围进行测量的一个行之有效且简单易行的方法。同时,不同pH条件下的高温存活系数SAIht也可作为对仔鱼最适pH范围进行测量的简便方法。
Based on the ecological theory that the extension of one abiotic factor for survival will shrink with another abiotic factor deviating from its optimum, the study is emphasis on the oil sac absorption, first ingestion rate, point of no return(PNR) and survival activity index(SAI) of the unfed rockfish yolk sac larvae. The results indicated that at the salinity of 22, the best overall performance exhibited: the highest first ingestion rate, SAI and the latest PNR. And the reason for the best survival at the salinity was the preferable absorption and conversion of the yolk and oil sac, the lesser energy cost for activity with the sufficient buoyancy and the better hormone level to stimulate the best ingestion.
According to the same theory, the temperature upper limit of the larvae at different salinity, and the survival activity index at high temperature (SAIht) with various salinity and pH were measured. The results were: at 4 and 28 salinity, larvae showed a lower temperature upper limit, while highest SAIht were obtained at pH8..
The optimal salinity and pH for these rockfish larvae from the study were 22 (psu) and pH8, which is consistent with former reports studied by different authors. So these methods mentioned above were practicable for measuring the salinity and pH preference of fish larvae.
引文
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[8]郑曙明,吴青,李玉宏,等.pH 和硬度对曼龙鱼孵化率和稚鱼成活率的影响.水利渔业,1999,19(1):4～5.
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[10]许明海,褐菖鲉 Sebasticus marmoratus 渔业生物学初步研究.现代渔业信息,2000,15(2):17～20.
[11]林丹军,尤永隆.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖鲉胚胎及仔鱼的发育.台湾海峡,2002,21(1):45～52.
[12]林丹军,尤永隆.卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖鲉卵巢的周期发育研究.动物学研究,2000,21(4):269～274.
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[17]吴萍,宋学宏,蔡春芳,等.pH 对黄颡鱼红细胞脆性及血红蛋白含量的影响.水利渔业,2002,22(1):21～23.
[18]卢玲,卢健民,蔺玉华,等.低 pH 对鲤鱼血液电解质影响的研究.水产学杂志,2000,13(2):42～46.
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[20]周绪霞,李卫芬,许梓荣.盐度对鱼虾生长性状的影响.中国饲料,2004,(2):30～33.
[21]王云峰,朱鑫华.盐度对鱼类生态生理学特征的影响.海洋科学集刊,2002,44:151～158.
[22]Gilles Boeuf , Patrick Payan . How should salinity influence fish growth.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,2001,130:411～423.
[23]Perrot M N,Grierson C E,Hazon N,et al. Drinking behaviour in sea water and fresh water teleosts,the role of the renin-angiotensin system.Fish Physiol.Biochem, 1992,10,161～168.
[24]Fuentes J,Eddy F B.Drinking in Atlantic salmon presmolts and smolts in response to growth hormone and salinity.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1997,117A:87～91.
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