水电站机组及厂房结构耦合振动特性研究
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摘要
随着经济与社会的发展,水力发电作为一种可再生的清洁能源日益得到重视和开发。水电机组单机容量和引用水头的急剧增大,厂房结构相应巨型化和复杂化,机组振动及其诱发的水电站厂房结构振动已成为其运行和设计的重要问题。目前水电站机组及厂房结构在电磁、水力、机械三方面振源耦合以及机组-厂房之间的耦合、机组与厂房的振动模态参数识别等方面的研究尚显不足。因此,本文通过有限元数值模拟,多种因素耦合建模,原型观测,识别反分析等多种方法,致力于水电站机组轴系统及厂房结构在各种振源作用下的动特性等方面的研究,所建立的模型及分析方法以及取得的研究成果,为今后机组轴系统及厂房结构的动力优化设计和安全稳定运行、各种动特性的研究和分析提供技术依据和参考。
第一章绪论部分介绍了水电站机组及其支承结构-水电站厂房的振动问题和研究现状,并对有关现场振动测试和参数识别方法进行了归纳和总结。
第二章用有限元法计算导轴承和推力轴承的动特性系数,建立了由两种轴承共同支承的立式水电机组轴系统的有限元模型,考虑导轴承和推力轴承动特性系数随轴系统相关参量变化而变化的非线性特征,分析了轴系统横向和纵向动力特性通过推力轴承的耦合关系和相互影响程度。
第三章分析机组轴系统在电磁刚度、密封刚度共同作用下的动力稳定性。通过非线性振动稳定性理论研究了电磁刚度和弹性支承对水轮发电机偏心转子振动稳定性的影响,并综合考虑电磁、密封刚度建立有限元模型,分析相关参数对机组稳定性的影响。
第四章考虑导轴承动力特性系数的非线性特性,研究机组与厂房耦合系统的动力学问题。通过不同计算模型的比较,对考虑厂房基础耦联作用的机组轴系统的动力特性进行了研究;进一步分析了机组振动作为厂房振动的振源,其动荷载的合理模拟和施加方式及其对厂房结构振动的影响。
第五章根据水电站机组及厂房联合现场振动测试数据,分析机组及厂房的振动规律,探讨了振源的幅值和频率等特性及其振动传递途径。根据国内外相关标准对机组及厂房的振动水平进行了评价,并对厂房结构动力响应进行了有限元数值反馈计算。
第六章采用多信号分类法定阶,将模态参数时域识别引入到水电机组轴系统振动特性研究中。针对传统油膜动特性系数参数识别方法的不足,提出了可以不受测点少,工况少等实际情况限制的遗传识别方法。利用机组轴系统的有限元数值模拟验证了模态参数和物理参数别方法与识别结果的正确性。
With the development of the economy and society, people pay more and more attention to the hydropower. And it has been developed rapidly as a regenerated energy source. The unit capacity has been sharply increasing. The hydropower house is becoming larger and more complex correspondingly. As a result, the vibration problem of water turbine generator set and hydropower house is standing out gradually, which become an important issue during the design and operation. Presently, the coupling among the magnetic, hydraulic and mechanical vibration sources, the coupling vibration between the generator set and the hydropower house and the parameters identification method of the generator set should be improved. Thus this paper studies on the dynamic characteristic of the generator set the vibration of hydropower house under all kinds of vibration sources loads. The methods of numerical simulation through finite element, model test and parameters identification according to prototype test are used in this paper. The analytical model, methods and conclusion provide a reliable technical support and reference for the structure dynamic design and study of generator set and power house.
Chapter one simply introduces the vibration of water turbine generator set and hydropower house and its study situation. This part also simply summarizes the dynamic characteristic of connecting structures such as journal bearing and thrust bearing, some vibration sources loads, the vibration of the hydropower house and some parameters identification methods.
In chapter two, the model of the generator set shaft system is constructed including the journal bearing and thrust bearing. The finite element method is used to calculate the dynamic characteristic coefficients of the bearings. The dynamic behaviors of the fluid supports are considered as nonlinear with the corresponding parameters. The influence of the axial thrust bearing is presented on the response of the shaft. The coupling effect is studied in particular between the bending vibrations and the axial dynamic behavior of the shaft.
In chapter three, the dynamic stability of the generator set shaft system is investigated considering the influence of the magnetic and seal stiffness. First, the dynamic equations are established including the magnetic stiffness and elastic support. The Liapunov nonlinear vibration stability theory is used to analyze the shaft system stability. Second, the model of the shaft system is constructed considering the magnetic and hydraulic seal vibration source. The influence of all kinds of system parameters is studied to the critical speed of the shaft system.
In chapter four, the coupling vibration is studied between the generator set and the hydropower house considering the constantly change characteristic of the journal bearings coefficients. The coupling vibration model is constructed. The dynamic characteristic and interaction between the generator set and the power house are analyzed. According to the comparison of different calculation models, the influence of the power house is studied as the supporting structures to the shaft system dynamic characteristic. Otherwise, the effect of the generator set vibration sources is also presented to the power house vibration.
In chapter five, the vibration mechanism is analyzed according to the prototype test. The characteristic of the vibration sources and its transmission routes are investigated. The vibration of the generator set and power house is evaluated according to the corresponding rules. The finite elements method is used to calculate the dynamic response of the power house.
In chapter six, the multiple signal classification method is used to determine the order of the vibration, the time domain identification is introuduced to the study of the generator set shaft system dynamic characteristics. Because of the deficiency of the classical identification methods for the bearing characteristic coefficients, the genetic method is presented which has few limits of actual conditions such as measuring points or operation cases. The identification coefficients are used to calculate the self-vibration characteristic of the shaft system. The results are in accordance with that of modal parameters identification.
第一章绪论部分介绍了水电站机组及其支承结构-水电站厂房的振动问题和研究现状,并对有关现场振动测试和参数识别方法进行了归纳和总结。
第二章用有限元法计算导轴承和推力轴承的动特性系数,建立了由两种轴承共同支承的立式水电机组轴系统的有限元模型,考虑导轴承和推力轴承动特性系数随轴系统相关参量变化而变化的非线性特征,分析了轴系统横向和纵向动力特性通过推力轴承的耦合关系和相互影响程度。
第三章分析机组轴系统在电磁刚度、密封刚度共同作用下的动力稳定性。通过非线性振动稳定性理论研究了电磁刚度和弹性支承对水轮发电机偏心转子振动稳定性的影响,并综合考虑电磁、密封刚度建立有限元模型,分析相关参数对机组稳定性的影响。
第四章考虑导轴承动力特性系数的非线性特性,研究机组与厂房耦合系统的动力学问题。通过不同计算模型的比较,对考虑厂房基础耦联作用的机组轴系统的动力特性进行了研究;进一步分析了机组振动作为厂房振动的振源,其动荷载的合理模拟和施加方式及其对厂房结构振动的影响。
第五章根据水电站机组及厂房联合现场振动测试数据,分析机组及厂房的振动规律,探讨了振源的幅值和频率等特性及其振动传递途径。根据国内外相关标准对机组及厂房的振动水平进行了评价,并对厂房结构动力响应进行了有限元数值反馈计算。
第六章采用多信号分类法定阶,将模态参数时域识别引入到水电机组轴系统振动特性研究中。针对传统油膜动特性系数参数识别方法的不足,提出了可以不受测点少,工况少等实际情况限制的遗传识别方法。利用机组轴系统的有限元数值模拟验证了模态参数和物理参数别方法与识别结果的正确性。
With the development of the economy and society, people pay more and more attention to the hydropower. And it has been developed rapidly as a regenerated energy source. The unit capacity has been sharply increasing. The hydropower house is becoming larger and more complex correspondingly. As a result, the vibration problem of water turbine generator set and hydropower house is standing out gradually, which become an important issue during the design and operation. Presently, the coupling among the magnetic, hydraulic and mechanical vibration sources, the coupling vibration between the generator set and the hydropower house and the parameters identification method of the generator set should be improved. Thus this paper studies on the dynamic characteristic of the generator set the vibration of hydropower house under all kinds of vibration sources loads. The methods of numerical simulation through finite element, model test and parameters identification according to prototype test are used in this paper. The analytical model, methods and conclusion provide a reliable technical support and reference for the structure dynamic design and study of generator set and power house.
Chapter one simply introduces the vibration of water turbine generator set and hydropower house and its study situation. This part also simply summarizes the dynamic characteristic of connecting structures such as journal bearing and thrust bearing, some vibration sources loads, the vibration of the hydropower house and some parameters identification methods.
In chapter two, the model of the generator set shaft system is constructed including the journal bearing and thrust bearing. The finite element method is used to calculate the dynamic characteristic coefficients of the bearings. The dynamic behaviors of the fluid supports are considered as nonlinear with the corresponding parameters. The influence of the axial thrust bearing is presented on the response of the shaft. The coupling effect is studied in particular between the bending vibrations and the axial dynamic behavior of the shaft.
In chapter three, the dynamic stability of the generator set shaft system is investigated considering the influence of the magnetic and seal stiffness. First, the dynamic equations are established including the magnetic stiffness and elastic support. The Liapunov nonlinear vibration stability theory is used to analyze the shaft system stability. Second, the model of the shaft system is constructed considering the magnetic and hydraulic seal vibration source. The influence of all kinds of system parameters is studied to the critical speed of the shaft system.
In chapter four, the coupling vibration is studied between the generator set and the hydropower house considering the constantly change characteristic of the journal bearings coefficients. The coupling vibration model is constructed. The dynamic characteristic and interaction between the generator set and the power house are analyzed. According to the comparison of different calculation models, the influence of the power house is studied as the supporting structures to the shaft system dynamic characteristic. Otherwise, the effect of the generator set vibration sources is also presented to the power house vibration.
In chapter five, the vibration mechanism is analyzed according to the prototype test. The characteristic of the vibration sources and its transmission routes are investigated. The vibration of the generator set and power house is evaluated according to the corresponding rules. The finite elements method is used to calculate the dynamic response of the power house.
In chapter six, the multiple signal classification method is used to determine the order of the vibration, the time domain identification is introuduced to the study of the generator set shaft system dynamic characteristics. Because of the deficiency of the classical identification methods for the bearing characteristic coefficients, the genetic method is presented which has few limits of actual conditions such as measuring points or operation cases. The identification coefficients are used to calculate the self-vibration characteristic of the shaft system. The results are in accordance with that of modal parameters identification.
引文
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