基于WEB服务的应用系统时间性能优化策略研究及实现
摘要
Web服务通过先进的软件架构，利用网络数据传输协议和标准数据格式来协调众多的职能信息处理设备和网站，从而提供更为简明、更为个性化和更为有效的互联网服务。Web服务以SOA理论为基础，包含传输、描述、发现三个核心组件。Web服务架构中通过SOAP定义用于客户端和服务进行通信的格式和协议，通过WSDL文档描述一个Web服务提供了哪些功能、如何与服务进行通信，通过UDDI注册服务实现发现机制。如今，使用Web服务构建应用系统已经成为一种新的系统集成途径。然而，Web服务技术仍是一个新兴的发展中的技术，实际应用中有许多业务处理要求相当高的实时响应速度，在基于Web服务构建的应用系统中时间效率问题日益明显。
在深入研究Web服务框架与标准的基础上，通过分析基于Web服务的应用系统结构模型和系统数据流图，可定位出系统时间瓶颈存在于四个环节：客户端与服务器交互频繁、网络传输的SOAP包有时比较大、客户端生成Web服务代理类时效率不高、数据库访问效率不高。针对这些瓶颈，有六点方法可以改进系统时间性能：减少网络的Round-Trip、压缩SOAP包以减少传递的数据量、静态绑定Web服务、提前在客户端生成Web服务代理、使用Pooling技术、提高数据库访问速度。
针对一个实时性要求较高的应用系统——安阳119消防指挥调度系统，应用了基于Web服务的系统时间性能改进的一些策略。
Based on advanced software framework and using network data transmission procotols and standard data formats to coordinate numerous equipment and websites, Web Service offers more concise, more effective and more individualized internet service. Web Service technology, based on the theory of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), includes three core components: transmission, description and discovery. Web Service Architecture defines formats and protocols which clients and servers use to communicate by SOAP, describes what functions the Web Service offers and how to communicate with the server by WSDL and realizes the discovery by UDDI. Nowadays, Web Service is becoming a new way to integrate system. However, Web Service technology is developing and immediate correspondence is required in many fields in practice, therefore the efficiency of the application system structured on the basis of Web Service is becoming more and more prominent.
After the further research of Web Service framework and standards, the analysis of the model of application system based on Web Service and the system data flow chart, four bottlenecks of the efficiency of the system were ascertained: frequent interaction between service and clients, big SOAP Datagrams, low efficiency in creating Web service proxy at the clients, low efficiency in accessing the dataBase. To solve these problems and improve the system efficiency, six strategies were proposed: reducing web Round-Trip, compressing SOAP Datagram, static Web Service binding, creating Web Service proxy in the client in advance, using Pooling technology and improving the efficiency of dataBase.
Making use of the strategies mentioned above, a system which requires high efficiency was developed: the Fire Protection Command & Attemper System of Anyang City.
在深入研究Web服务框架与标准的基础上，通过分析基于Web服务的应用系统结构模型和系统数据流图，可定位出系统时间瓶颈存在于四个环节：客户端与服务器交互频繁、网络传输的SOAP包有时比较大、客户端生成Web服务代理类时效率不高、数据库访问效率不高。针对这些瓶颈，有六点方法可以改进系统时间性能：减少网络的Round-Trip、压缩SOAP包以减少传递的数据量、静态绑定Web服务、提前在客户端生成Web服务代理、使用Pooling技术、提高数据库访问速度。
针对一个实时性要求较高的应用系统——安阳119消防指挥调度系统，应用了基于Web服务的系统时间性能改进的一些策略。
Based on advanced software framework and using network data transmission procotols and standard data formats to coordinate numerous equipment and websites, Web Service offers more concise, more effective and more individualized internet service. Web Service technology, based on the theory of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), includes three core components: transmission, description and discovery. Web Service Architecture defines formats and protocols which clients and servers use to communicate by SOAP, describes what functions the Web Service offers and how to communicate with the server by WSDL and realizes the discovery by UDDI. Nowadays, Web Service is becoming a new way to integrate system. However, Web Service technology is developing and immediate correspondence is required in many fields in practice, therefore the efficiency of the application system structured on the basis of Web Service is becoming more and more prominent.
After the further research of Web Service framework and standards, the analysis of the model of application system based on Web Service and the system data flow chart, four bottlenecks of the efficiency of the system were ascertained: frequent interaction between service and clients, big SOAP Datagrams, low efficiency in creating Web service proxy at the clients, low efficiency in accessing the dataBase. To solve these problems and improve the system efficiency, six strategies were proposed: reducing web Round-Trip, compressing SOAP Datagram, static Web Service binding, creating Web Service proxy in the client in advance, using Pooling technology and improving the efficiency of dataBase.
Making use of the strategies mentioned above, a system which requires high efficiency was developed: the Fire Protection Command & Attemper System of Anyang City.
引文
[1] Graham Glass.The Web Services Revohtion.Microsoft Techinic Article. September 2006
[2] 张海藩．软件工程导论．北京：清华大学出版社，1998：23-26
[3] 许炜，杨宗凯，夏静．基于Web服务的工作流技术在物流系统集成中的应用．物流技术，2005(8)：16-19
[4] Vincent Ryan(美)．Web服务的革新．“CIO Today Magazine”．2006．9
[5] 冯百明．Web服务详解—与Web服务相关技术问题．中科院计算所，2004．12．23
[6] samuel．Web服务到底是什么?．企业商务智能研究所．2004．10．26
[7] Fennivel Chai.The Web Services Simple Page. 中国企业Web服务,2005.11.12
[8] 柴晓路．架构Web Service：为什么需要Web服务．IBM：developerWorks中国网站，2006
[9] 黄永刚．Web服务原理及实现．甘肃科技纵横，2004(6)：40-43
[10] Paolo Predonzani, Alberto Sillitti, Tullio Vemazza. Components and Data-Flow Applied to the Integration of Web Services. The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2002
[11] Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal. Professional ASR NET Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd., 2005:145-162
[12] Alex Homer, Dave Sussman. Professional ASP. NET1.0. Published by Wrox Press Inc, Feburary, 2004:349
[13] T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen. Extensible Markup hanguage(XML) 1.0. WK Recommendation, February 1998
[14] Stephen Walther, ASP. NET Unleashed. Second Edition, Sams Publishing, July 18, 2005:460-489
[15] XML Schema Part 0: Primer, W3C Recommendation, May 2 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmischema-0
[16] Timothy M. Chester. Cross-Platform Integration with XML and SOAP. IEEE IT Pro, Sep/Oct 2004:23-35
[17] Microsoft, BizTalk Framework 2. 0: Document and Message Specification, 2004
[18] World Wide Web Consortium, Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1. 1, May 2003
[19] 李大成．SOAP技术及其扩展性研究．[硕士论文]：武汉大学，2002：26-29
[20] Scott Seely，SOAP：XML跨平台Web Service开发技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2002：47-64
[21] W3C, SOAP Versionl. 2 Part1: Messaging Framework, http://www. w3.org/rR/2OO2/CR-soapl2-partl-20021219
[22] Nikhil Kothari, Vandana Datje. Developing Microsoft ASP. NET Server Controls and Components. Microsoft Press, September 28, 2002:316-325
[23] Web Services Description Language WSDL 1. 1, WK Note 15 March 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
[24] UDDI Universal Description Discovery and Integration. The UDDI Community, http://www.uddi.org
[25] 董昕．Web Services关键技术及应用研究．[硕士论文]：上海交通大学，2003：32-40
[26] Barbara Mckee, Dave Ehnebuske and Dan Rogers, UDDI Version 2. 0 API Specification UDDI Open Draft Specification. UDDI. org, June 8, 2001, http://www. uddi.org/pubs/ProgrammersAPI-V2. 00-Open-20010609.pdf
[27] 邢春晓．Web服务标准和协议综述报告．科技部科技基础工作专项资金重大项目研究成果，2003．8：4
[28] Russ Basiura，Mike BatongBacal等著．ASP．NET Web服务高级编程．第1版．康博译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002：5
[29] Dino Esposito. Building Web Solutions with ASP. NET and ADO. NET. Microsoft Press, 2004
[30] IBM Web Services Architecture Team. Web Services Architecture Overview. IBM Techinic Article, September 2003
[31] 李照奎．基于．NET的多层体系结构的应用研究．[硕士论文]：辽宁大学，2003：27-32
[32] 席静，褚兴军，徐志伟．一种提高Web服务器性能的方法．计算机研究与发展，2002(4)：26-31
[33] 杜薇．基于Web Service和J2EE的网络计算研究与应用．[硕士论文]：湖北大学，2003：105-108
[34] 柴艳秋．交易中间件在多层分布式系统中的应用．[硕士论文]，中国国家图书馆，2003：13-17
[35] Yourdon E, Constantine LL. Structured Design: foundamentals of discipline of computer program and system design. Yourdon Press, 1987:138
[36] 李维．Delphi 6／Kylix2 SOAP／web Service程序设计篇．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．3．第1版：299-329
[37] 郑源．Web数据库多表查询的关键技术与优化．中南工业大学学报，2002(1)：100-102
[38] 武苍林，罗晃．Web数据库的ASP开发方案．计算机工程与科学，1999(1)：65-68
[39] 柴晓路．Web Service Case Study．Web Services／UDDI中国论坛，2003：3
[40] Francisco Curbers, Matthew Duftler, et. Unraveling the Web Services Web: An Introduction to SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. IEEE Internet Computing, April 2001
[41] Don Box, Chris Sells. Essential. NET, Volume 1: The Common Language Runtime. Addison Wesley, November 01, 2002
[42] 张萍，夏幼明，乔冯生．Web环境中的数据库连接技术．云南师范大学学报，2005(1)：23-26
[43] Francisco Curbera, Mathew Duftler, Rania Kha]af, William Nagy. Unraveling theWeb Services Web. IEEE Internet Computing, Mar/Apt 2002:80-97
[44] Jeffrey Richter, Applied Microsoft. NET Framework Programming. Microsoft Press, 2005:5
[45] David Chappell, Tyler Jewell. Java Web Services. O'Reilly, March 2002
[46] Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols. Web Services: Beyond the Hype. IEEE Computer, February 2005: 18-21
[47] Francisco Curbera, Mathew Duftler, Rania Khalaf, William Nagy. Unraveling theWeb Services Web. IEEE Internet Computing, Mar/Apr 2004: 86-93
[2] 张海藩．软件工程导论．北京：清华大学出版社，1998：23-26
[3] 许炜，杨宗凯，夏静．基于Web服务的工作流技术在物流系统集成中的应用．物流技术，2005(8)：16-19
[4] Vincent Ryan(美)．Web服务的革新．“CIO Today Magazine”．2006．9
[5] 冯百明．Web服务详解—与Web服务相关技术问题．中科院计算所，2004．12．23
[6] samuel．Web服务到底是什么?．企业商务智能研究所．2004．10．26
[7] Fennivel Chai.The Web Services Simple Page. 中国企业Web服务,2005.11.12
[8] 柴晓路．架构Web Service：为什么需要Web服务．IBM：developerWorks中国网站，2006
[9] 黄永刚．Web服务原理及实现．甘肃科技纵横，2004(6)：40-43
[10] Paolo Predonzani, Alberto Sillitti, Tullio Vemazza. Components and Data-Flow Applied to the Integration of Web Services. The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2002
[11] Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal. Professional ASR NET Web Services. Wrox Press Ltd., 2005:145-162
[12] Alex Homer, Dave Sussman. Professional ASP. NET1.0. Published by Wrox Press Inc, Feburary, 2004:349
[13] T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen. Extensible Markup hanguage(XML) 1.0. WK Recommendation, February 1998
[14] Stephen Walther, ASP. NET Unleashed. Second Edition, Sams Publishing, July 18, 2005:460-489
[15] XML Schema Part 0: Primer, W3C Recommendation, May 2 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/xmischema-0
[16] Timothy M. Chester. Cross-Platform Integration with XML and SOAP. IEEE IT Pro, Sep/Oct 2004:23-35
[17] Microsoft, BizTalk Framework 2. 0: Document and Message Specification, 2004
[18] World Wide Web Consortium, Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1. 1, May 2003
[19] 李大成．SOAP技术及其扩展性研究．[硕士论文]：武汉大学，2002：26-29
[20] Scott Seely，SOAP：XML跨平台Web Service开发技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2002：47-64
[21] W3C, SOAP Versionl. 2 Part1: Messaging Framework, http://www. w3.org/rR/2OO2/CR-soapl2-partl-20021219
[22] Nikhil Kothari, Vandana Datje. Developing Microsoft ASP. NET Server Controls and Components. Microsoft Press, September 28, 2002:316-325
[23] Web Services Description Language WSDL 1. 1, WK Note 15 March 2001, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
[24] UDDI Universal Description Discovery and Integration. The UDDI Community, http://www.uddi.org
[25] 董昕．Web Services关键技术及应用研究．[硕士论文]：上海交通大学，2003：32-40
[26] Barbara Mckee, Dave Ehnebuske and Dan Rogers, UDDI Version 2. 0 API Specification UDDI Open Draft Specification. UDDI. org, June 8, 2001, http://www. uddi.org/pubs/ProgrammersAPI-V2. 00-Open-20010609.pdf
[27] 邢春晓．Web服务标准和协议综述报告．科技部科技基础工作专项资金重大项目研究成果，2003．8：4
[28] Russ Basiura，Mike BatongBacal等著．ASP．NET Web服务高级编程．第1版．康博译．北京：清华大学出版社，2002：5
[29] Dino Esposito. Building Web Solutions with ASP. NET and ADO. NET. Microsoft Press, 2004
[30] IBM Web Services Architecture Team. Web Services Architecture Overview. IBM Techinic Article, September 2003
[31] 李照奎．基于．NET的多层体系结构的应用研究．[硕士论文]：辽宁大学，2003：27-32
[32] 席静，褚兴军，徐志伟．一种提高Web服务器性能的方法．计算机研究与发展，2002(4)：26-31
[33] 杜薇．基于Web Service和J2EE的网络计算研究与应用．[硕士论文]：湖北大学，2003：105-108
[34] 柴艳秋．交易中间件在多层分布式系统中的应用．[硕士论文]，中国国家图书馆，2003：13-17
[35] Yourdon E, Constantine LL. Structured Design: foundamentals of discipline of computer program and system design. Yourdon Press, 1987:138
[36] 李维．Delphi 6／Kylix2 SOAP／web Service程序设计篇．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．3．第1版：299-329
[37] 郑源．Web数据库多表查询的关键技术与优化．中南工业大学学报，2002(1)：100-102
[38] 武苍林，罗晃．Web数据库的ASP开发方案．计算机工程与科学，1999(1)：65-68
[39] 柴晓路．Web Service Case Study．Web Services／UDDI中国论坛，2003：3
[40] Francisco Curbers, Matthew Duftler, et. Unraveling the Web Services Web: An Introduction to SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. IEEE Internet Computing, April 2001
[41] Don Box, Chris Sells. Essential. NET, Volume 1: The Common Language Runtime. Addison Wesley, November 01, 2002
[42] 张萍，夏幼明，乔冯生．Web环境中的数据库连接技术．云南师范大学学报，2005(1)：23-26
[43] Francisco Curbera, Mathew Duftler, Rania Kha]af, William Nagy. Unraveling theWeb Services Web. IEEE Internet Computing, Mar/Apt 2002:80-97
[44] Jeffrey Richter, Applied Microsoft. NET Framework Programming. Microsoft Press, 2005:5
[45] David Chappell, Tyler Jewell. Java Web Services. O'Reilly, March 2002
[46] Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols. Web Services: Beyond the Hype. IEEE Computer, February 2005: 18-21
[47] Francisco Curbera, Mathew Duftler, Rania Khalaf, William Nagy. Unraveling theWeb Services Web. IEEE Internet Computing, Mar/Apr 2004: 86-93
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