基于构件的分布式软件体系结构及其开发工具的研究与实现
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摘要
网络环境下的分布式系统是日前计算机软件研究和开发的热点和主流。但由于其固有的分布性、异构性和自治性，使得分布式系统的开发十分困难。实践表明，通过集成(组装)已有软件构件得到新系统，是构造大型分布式系统的有效途径。在这种基于构件的分布式系统开发方式中，软件体系结构是指导构件组装的蓝图，其正确、合理与否，不仅关系到系统开发的成败和开发的效率，而且影响到系统的维护和演化，因此软件体系结构是分布式系统设计中一个非常关键、必须深入研究和解决的问题。
在分析当前基于构件的分布式系统开发技术的不足和问题的基础上，本文提出了一个在软件体系结构指导下的基于构件的分布式系统构造方法(Architecture-Based Distributed System Construction with Component，ADiSC)，重点研究和讨论了将软件体系结构和基于构件的软件开发方法相结合、支持大型分布式系统构造的原理、要求和实现途径，设计并初步实现了一个分布式系统构造环境，并通过一个媒体流应用的例子验证了系统设计的可行性和有效性。
论文所包含的研究、设计和实现工作主要有以下四个方面：
(1)设计了一个基于构件的分布式软件体系结构形式化描述语言ADEAG，并实现了其编译器。ADEAG通过构件实例、连接器和构件间通过连接器建立的绑定关系定义一个系统的体系结构。ADEAG既支持系统结构的文本形式定义又支持图形方式的定义。文本方式便于定义复杂的系统结构，而图形方式直观、清晰、便于理解。
(2)设计并实现了一个以ADEAG为基础的分布式系统可视化工具CDisTool。CDisTool允许用户以图形的方式对分布式系统体系结构进行构件化的分析、设计；通过CDisTool可以将体系结构的图形表示转化为ADEAG文本表示，支持系统性质的分析和验证。同时，可以进一步从系统的体系结构描述导出构件接口的IDL描述，并生成相应编程语言的框架。
(3)对媒体流这个特定的分布式应用领域进行了领域分析、抽象，提取了面向领域的风格模板，并扩充到CDisTool中，从而使CDisTool在特定领域的应用更加有效。
(4)应用CDisTool对一个媒体流领域的特定应用(视频点播／组播)进行了分析和设计，抽象出系统体系结构和可复用构件，生成中间件接口和底层模板，并进行实现。通过实例表明了所完成的研究、开发和实现工作的可行性、正确性和有效性。
Network based Distributed System (DS) is one of hotspots in the field of computer software research and development. It is quite difficult to develop a DS because of its hetemophorism and autonomism. Experience in software research and development has showed that an efficient way to build a large DS is to reuse existed components, that is, using component based software development (CBSD) method. In CBSD, Software Architecture (SA) plays a role of blueprint to guide the system composition and integration with components. SA's validity and availability not only affect the system development efficiency, but also determine the system's maintenance and evolution costs.
After investigating and analyzing current technologies on CBSD and SA and their problems, in the thesis, a method of Architecture-based Distributed Software Construction with Component, called ADiSC, is proposed. A distributed SA description language named ADEAG and a component based distributed software design CASE tool named CDisTool are presented and discussed.
Main contributions in the thesis are:
1. Design and implementation of a distributed software architecture description language ADEAG;
2. Design and implementation of a component based distributed software design toolkit CDisTool. With CDisTool, system designer can describe the system architecture in a visualized way with the GUI and the graphical description can be translated into ADEAG text context, based on which the system analysis and verification can be realized, and the CORBA IDL declaration and the corresponding programming language mappings can be produced.
3. Extansion to a specific domain. We chose Media stream as the application domain, generalize the specific domain style templates, and extand them into CDisTool.
4. A real case study (E-Cinama) on voice on demand(VOD).
在分析当前基于构件的分布式系统开发技术的不足和问题的基础上，本文提出了一个在软件体系结构指导下的基于构件的分布式系统构造方法(Architecture-Based Distributed System Construction with Component，ADiSC)，重点研究和讨论了将软件体系结构和基于构件的软件开发方法相结合、支持大型分布式系统构造的原理、要求和实现途径，设计并初步实现了一个分布式系统构造环境，并通过一个媒体流应用的例子验证了系统设计的可行性和有效性。
论文所包含的研究、设计和实现工作主要有以下四个方面：
(1)设计了一个基于构件的分布式软件体系结构形式化描述语言ADEAG，并实现了其编译器。ADEAG通过构件实例、连接器和构件间通过连接器建立的绑定关系定义一个系统的体系结构。ADEAG既支持系统结构的文本形式定义又支持图形方式的定义。文本方式便于定义复杂的系统结构，而图形方式直观、清晰、便于理解。
(2)设计并实现了一个以ADEAG为基础的分布式系统可视化工具CDisTool。CDisTool允许用户以图形的方式对分布式系统体系结构进行构件化的分析、设计；通过CDisTool可以将体系结构的图形表示转化为ADEAG文本表示，支持系统性质的分析和验证。同时，可以进一步从系统的体系结构描述导出构件接口的IDL描述，并生成相应编程语言的框架。
(3)对媒体流这个特定的分布式应用领域进行了领域分析、抽象，提取了面向领域的风格模板，并扩充到CDisTool中，从而使CDisTool在特定领域的应用更加有效。
(4)应用CDisTool对一个媒体流领域的特定应用(视频点播／组播)进行了分析和设计，抽象出系统体系结构和可复用构件，生成中间件接口和底层模板，并进行实现。通过实例表明了所完成的研究、开发和实现工作的可行性、正确性和有效性。
Network based Distributed System (DS) is one of hotspots in the field of computer software research and development. It is quite difficult to develop a DS because of its hetemophorism and autonomism. Experience in software research and development has showed that an efficient way to build a large DS is to reuse existed components, that is, using component based software development (CBSD) method. In CBSD, Software Architecture (SA) plays a role of blueprint to guide the system composition and integration with components. SA's validity and availability not only affect the system development efficiency, but also determine the system's maintenance and evolution costs.
After investigating and analyzing current technologies on CBSD and SA and their problems, in the thesis, a method of Architecture-based Distributed Software Construction with Component, called ADiSC, is proposed. A distributed SA description language named ADEAG and a component based distributed software design CASE tool named CDisTool are presented and discussed.
Main contributions in the thesis are:
1. Design and implementation of a distributed software architecture description language ADEAG;
2. Design and implementation of a component based distributed software design toolkit CDisTool. With CDisTool, system designer can describe the system architecture in a visualized way with the GUI and the graphical description can be translated into ADEAG text context, based on which the system analysis and verification can be realized, and the CORBA IDL declaration and the corresponding programming language mappings can be produced.
3. Extansion to a specific domain. We chose Media stream as the application domain, generalize the specific domain style templates, and extand them into CDisTool.
4. A real case study (E-Cinama) on voice on demand(VOD).
引文
[房鼎益2001]房鼎益，基于构件交互机制的分布式软件体系结构研究，西北工业大学博士论文，2001年9月
[张世琨2000]张世琨，王立福，杨芙清，基于COTS构件的系统开发，《计算机科学》Vol．27，No．1，2000，6-8
[王千祥99]王千祥，刘畅，赵鲁印．分布对象技术与软件复用[J]．计算机科学，1999，26(5)：61—64．
[杨芙清99]杨芙清．梅宏．李克勤．软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999年，No．2，Vol．27 68-75
[郑张2000]郑建丹，张广泉．软件体系结构描述语言ADL重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版)2000年12月Vol．17 No．4 P4-8
[于卫等2000]于卫、杨万海、蔡希尧，软件体系结构的描述方法研究，《计算机研究与发展》，Vol．37，No10，2000．
[李刚2002]计算机科学 29卷第二期 适应性软件体系结构研究 李刚 金茂忠2002／2
[周之英2000]周之英编著，现代软件工程(上、中、下)，科学出版社，2000
[邵维忠98]．邵维忠、杨芙清，面向对象的系统分析，清华大学出版社、广西科学技术出版社，1998
[AST95]Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Distributed Operating Systems. Prentice Hall 95
[omg99]Object Management Group, The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, 2.3 ed., June 1999.
[PV2000]Paul J. Perrone and Venkata S.R.K.R. Chaganti Building,Java Enterprise Solutions with J2EE 清华大学出版社2001年6
[AG98]K. Arnold and J. Gosling. The Java Programming Language, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1998. ISBN 0-201-31006-6.
[MH98]V. Matena and M. Hapner. Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 1.0. Sun Microsystems, 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303. March 1998.
[GDSM94]Garlan D,Shaw M.An Introduction to Software Architecture[R].CMU-CS-94-166,1994.
[KABC96]R. Kazman, G. Abowd, L. Bass and P. Clements. Scenario-Based Analysis of Software Architecture. In IEEE Software, Vol. 13, No. 6, pages 47-55, November 1996.
[GD95]Garlan D,et al. Architectural mismatch.In:Proc.Intl. Conf.OnSoftware Engineering, 1995
[CABB95]Cristina Gacek, Ahmed Abd-Allah, Bradford Clark, and Barry Boehm. On the definition of software system architecture. Technical Report USC/CSE-95-TR500, Centre for Software Engineering, University of Southern California, April 1995.
[CEWK96]C. Hofmann, E. Horn, W. Keller, K. Renzel, M. Schmidt. The Field of Software Architecture. Technical Report TUM-I9641, Technische Universit?t M(?)nchen, 1996
[MSDG96]Mary Shaw, David Garlan.Software architecture: perspectives on an emerging discipline 1996 by Prentice Hall,Inc.
[GMW97]D. Garlan, R. Monroe, and D. Wile. ACME: An Architecture Description Interchange Language. Submitted for publication, January 1997.
[Purt94]J. Purtillo. The POLYLITH Software Bus. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 16(1), January 1994, pp 151-174.
[BBMV98a]R. Balter, L. Bellissard, F. Boyer, M. Riveill and J.Y. Vion-Dury. Architecturing and
Configuring Distributed Applications with Olan. Proc. IFIP Int. Conf. on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middle-ware'98) , The Lake District, 15-18 September 1998．
[BBMV98b] L. Bellissard, F. Boyer, M. Riveill and J.Y. Vion-Dury. System Services for Distributed Application Configuration. Proc. of the 4th IEEE Intn'l Conf. on Configurable Distributed Systems (ICCDS'98) , Annapolis MD, 4-6 May 1998．
[MBVR97] V.Marangozov,L.Bellissard,J.-Y.Vion-Dury,M.Riveill. Connectors: a Key Feature for Building Distributed Component-Based Architectures. Proc. 2nd European Research Seminar on Advances in Distributed Systems (ERSADS'97) , Zinai, 17-21 March 1997, pp. 246-251．
[SDKR95] M. Shaw, R. DeLine, D. Klein, T. Ross, D. Young, and G. Zelesnik. Abstractions for Software Architecture and Tools to Support Them. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, April 1995．
[SDZ96] M. Shaw, R. DeLine, and G. Zelesnik. Abstractions and Implementations for Architectural Connections. Third International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems, May 1996．
[GAO94] David Garlan, Robert Allen, John Ockerbloom. Exploiting Style in Architectural Design Environments. Proceedings of SIGSOFT '94 Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineerng, December 1994．
[Monr96] Robert T. Monroe. Capturing Design Expertise in Customized Software Architecture Design Environments. Proc. of the Second International Software Architecture Workshop, October 1996．
[Garlan98] D. Garlan. Higher-Order Connectors. Presented at the Workshop on Compositional Software Architectures, Monterey, CA, January 6-7, 1998．
[book8] David ,Lary C ,Augustin M,et al.Specification and Analysis of System Architecture Using Rapid[J] IEEE Transactions on Softvvare Engineering ,1995,21(4) :336-355．
[Gian95] D. Giannakopoulou. The TRACTA Approach for Behaviour Analysis of Concurrent Systems. Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine DoC 95/16, Sep-tember 1995．
[GKC99] D. Giannakopoulou, J. Kramer, and S.C. Cheung. Analysing the Behaviour of Distributed Systems using Tracta. Journal of Automated Softvvare Engineering, special issue on Automated Analysis of Software, vol. 6(1) , pp. 7-35, January 1999． R. Cleaveland and D. Jackson, Eds.
[OMG98] The Object Management Group. The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, Version 2． 2． The Object Management Group, OMG Headquarters, 492 Old Connecticut Path, Framington, MA 01701, USA. July 1998．
[EE98] G. Eddon and H. Eddon. Inside Distributed COM. Microsoft Press, 1998． ISBN 157231849X.
[Will95] WilI Tracz, "Confessions of Used Program Salesman-Institutionalizing Software Reuse", Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., NewYork, NY, Aprol 1995
[张世琨2000]张世琨，王立福，杨芙清，基于COTS构件的系统开发，《计算机科学》Vol．27，No．1，2000，6-8
[王千祥99]王千祥，刘畅，赵鲁印．分布对象技术与软件复用[J]．计算机科学，1999，26(5)：61—64．
[杨芙清99]杨芙清．梅宏．李克勤．软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999年，No．2，Vol．27 68-75
[郑张2000]郑建丹，张广泉．软件体系结构描述语言ADL重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版)2000年12月Vol．17 No．4 P4-8
[于卫等2000]于卫、杨万海、蔡希尧，软件体系结构的描述方法研究，《计算机研究与发展》，Vol．37，No10，2000．
[李刚2002]计算机科学 29卷第二期 适应性软件体系结构研究 李刚 金茂忠2002／2
[周之英2000]周之英编著，现代软件工程(上、中、下)，科学出版社，2000
[邵维忠98]．邵维忠、杨芙清，面向对象的系统分析，清华大学出版社、广西科学技术出版社，1998
[AST95]Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Distributed Operating Systems. Prentice Hall 95
[omg99]Object Management Group, The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, 2.3 ed., June 1999.
[PV2000]Paul J. Perrone and Venkata S.R.K.R. Chaganti Building,Java Enterprise Solutions with J2EE 清华大学出版社2001年6
[AG98]K. Arnold and J. Gosling. The Java Programming Language, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1998. ISBN 0-201-31006-6.
[MH98]V. Matena and M. Hapner. Enterprise JavaBeans, Version 1.0. Sun Microsystems, 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303. March 1998.
[GDSM94]Garlan D,Shaw M.An Introduction to Software Architecture[R].CMU-CS-94-166,1994.
[KABC96]R. Kazman, G. Abowd, L. Bass and P. Clements. Scenario-Based Analysis of Software Architecture. In IEEE Software, Vol. 13, No. 6, pages 47-55, November 1996.
[GD95]Garlan D,et al. Architectural mismatch.In:Proc.Intl. Conf.OnSoftware Engineering, 1995
[CABB95]Cristina Gacek, Ahmed Abd-Allah, Bradford Clark, and Barry Boehm. On the definition of software system architecture. Technical Report USC/CSE-95-TR500, Centre for Software Engineering, University of Southern California, April 1995.
[CEWK96]C. Hofmann, E. Horn, W. Keller, K. Renzel, M. Schmidt. The Field of Software Architecture. Technical Report TUM-I9641, Technische Universit?t M(?)nchen, 1996
[MSDG96]Mary Shaw, David Garlan.Software architecture: perspectives on an emerging discipline 1996 by Prentice Hall,Inc.
[GMW97]D. Garlan, R. Monroe, and D. Wile. ACME: An Architecture Description Interchange Language. Submitted for publication, January 1997.
[Purt94]J. Purtillo. The POLYLITH Software Bus. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 16(1), January 1994, pp 151-174.
[BBMV98a]R. Balter, L. Bellissard, F. Boyer, M. Riveill and J.Y. Vion-Dury. Architecturing and
Configuring Distributed Applications with Olan. Proc. IFIP Int. Conf. on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middle-ware'98) , The Lake District, 15-18 September 1998．
[BBMV98b] L. Bellissard, F. Boyer, M. Riveill and J.Y. Vion-Dury. System Services for Distributed Application Configuration. Proc. of the 4th IEEE Intn'l Conf. on Configurable Distributed Systems (ICCDS'98) , Annapolis MD, 4-6 May 1998．
[MBVR97] V.Marangozov,L.Bellissard,J.-Y.Vion-Dury,M.Riveill. Connectors: a Key Feature for Building Distributed Component-Based Architectures. Proc. 2nd European Research Seminar on Advances in Distributed Systems (ERSADS'97) , Zinai, 17-21 March 1997, pp. 246-251．
[SDKR95] M. Shaw, R. DeLine, D. Klein, T. Ross, D. Young, and G. Zelesnik. Abstractions for Software Architecture and Tools to Support Them. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, April 1995．
[SDZ96] M. Shaw, R. DeLine, and G. Zelesnik. Abstractions and Implementations for Architectural Connections. Third International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems, May 1996．
[GAO94] David Garlan, Robert Allen, John Ockerbloom. Exploiting Style in Architectural Design Environments. Proceedings of SIGSOFT '94 Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineerng, December 1994．
[Monr96] Robert T. Monroe. Capturing Design Expertise in Customized Software Architecture Design Environments. Proc. of the Second International Software Architecture Workshop, October 1996．
[Garlan98] D. Garlan. Higher-Order Connectors. Presented at the Workshop on Compositional Software Architectures, Monterey, CA, January 6-7, 1998．
[book8] David ,Lary C ,Augustin M,et al.Specification and Analysis of System Architecture Using Rapid[J] IEEE Transactions on Softvvare Engineering ,1995,21(4) :336-355．
[Gian95] D. Giannakopoulou. The TRACTA Approach for Behaviour Analysis of Concurrent Systems. Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine DoC 95/16, Sep-tember 1995．
[GKC99] D. Giannakopoulou, J. Kramer, and S.C. Cheung. Analysing the Behaviour of Distributed Systems using Tracta. Journal of Automated Softvvare Engineering, special issue on Automated Analysis of Software, vol. 6(1) , pp. 7-35, January 1999． R. Cleaveland and D. Jackson, Eds.
[OMG98] The Object Management Group. The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, Version 2． 2． The Object Management Group, OMG Headquarters, 492 Old Connecticut Path, Framington, MA 01701, USA. July 1998．
[EE98] G. Eddon and H. Eddon. Inside Distributed COM. Microsoft Press, 1998． ISBN 157231849X.
[Will95] WilI Tracz, "Confessions of Used Program Salesman-Institutionalizing Software Reuse", Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., NewYork, NY, Aprol 1995