城市路网实时状态研究
摘要
随着智能交通系统研究的发展,实时路网数据采集已经在智能交通领域越来越被重视。感应线圈、视频摄像头、微波雷达等对于动态交通流的自动检测手段也越来越普及。而这种基于固定检测器的交通信息采集方式受人力、资金等因素制约,交通管理部门仅在关键路段和主要路口进行了部署,其数量还不到所需的1/l0,导致城市道路路网上存在大量的信息“真空”地带。如何能够全面、准确地获取路网实时交通信息数据这个问题是我们面临的巨大挑战。
本研究依托于上海市向电子信息产业发展基金申报的先进的城市道路交通监控与管理系统项目的一个子项目――城市路网实时状态研究,重点研究了基于浮动车数据的实时交通数据采集方式,并依靠出租车公司内部成熟的电召系统的实时车辆定位数据,提出了一套使用出租车实时定位数据进行路网交通状态估算的方法:对于出租车实时GPS数据进行定位,分析出租车业务逻辑的特性,抽取驾驶员行为特征,对于有效定位数据进行分析获得车辆途径路段的交通信息。通过这套方法可以有效的获取实时交通路况信息,并且投资成本和维护成本低廉,有相当的实用价值。
本文首先介绍了实时交通信息采集的研究情况,包括电召系统以及相应的技术,分析了地图坐标转换、车辆定位数据匹配方法,然后根据驾驶员行车习惯重点分析了车辆定位有效采样对的获取并在此基础上进行单车路径旅行时间求取、时段内旅行时间求取的算法,填补了交通空白地带数据,并通过路上试验,说明该算法能够得到路段合理的旅行时间,能够描述路网的实时状态。最后介绍了整个系统的架构设计和实现过程。
With the development of the Intelligence Transportation System, the real-time status of urban road collection is already taken much more seriously in ITS. The automatic detection method regarding the dynamic transportation is also more and more popular. For example, magnetic induction coils, video camera, microwave radar and etc. But these methods mentioned before are restricted by manpower, fund and other factors. Thus, traffic departments only have carried on the deployment in the essential road sections and the main street intersections which quantity is less than 1/ l0 of whole road. This causes the massive information“vacuum”regions on the urban road system. The huge challenge we face with is the problem of how can we get the real-time road status comprehensively and accurately.
This research depends on the project of urban road transportation management system. It has emphasised on the real-time transportation data collection method of floating car data, and relys on the real-time vehicles localization data from taxi companies which proposed a set of the road network transportation condition estimation methods through the taxi real-time locating data. There are four aspects included in this method: carring on the localization of taxi real-time GPS data, analyzing the logical characteristic of taxi service, extracting the behavior characters of taxi drivers and analyzing the effective localization data to obtain the transportation informations of road section that the taxi pass through.According to this method,we can obtain the real-time transportation state of roads information effectively and have an advantage of a low investment cost and maintenance cost. This method has more practical value.
First, this article has introduced the research situation of real-time transportation information collection, including the taxi electronic dispatch system as well as the corresponding technology. Analyzed the mothod of map coordinates transformation and the match method of vehicles localization data, then has analyzed the vehicles localization effective sampling with emphasis according to the drivers driving custom to get the tavel time of the road sections. It has filled the transportation blank region data.With the experiments of real data, explained this algorithm could obtain the road section reasonable travel time, int could describe the road network real-time condition. Finally this article introduced the overall system construction design and the realization process.
本研究依托于上海市向电子信息产业发展基金申报的先进的城市道路交通监控与管理系统项目的一个子项目――城市路网实时状态研究,重点研究了基于浮动车数据的实时交通数据采集方式,并依靠出租车公司内部成熟的电召系统的实时车辆定位数据,提出了一套使用出租车实时定位数据进行路网交通状态估算的方法:对于出租车实时GPS数据进行定位,分析出租车业务逻辑的特性,抽取驾驶员行为特征,对于有效定位数据进行分析获得车辆途径路段的交通信息。通过这套方法可以有效的获取实时交通路况信息,并且投资成本和维护成本低廉,有相当的实用价值。
本文首先介绍了实时交通信息采集的研究情况,包括电召系统以及相应的技术,分析了地图坐标转换、车辆定位数据匹配方法,然后根据驾驶员行车习惯重点分析了车辆定位有效采样对的获取并在此基础上进行单车路径旅行时间求取、时段内旅行时间求取的算法,填补了交通空白地带数据,并通过路上试验,说明该算法能够得到路段合理的旅行时间,能够描述路网的实时状态。最后介绍了整个系统的架构设计和实现过程。
With the development of the Intelligence Transportation System, the real-time status of urban road collection is already taken much more seriously in ITS. The automatic detection method regarding the dynamic transportation is also more and more popular. For example, magnetic induction coils, video camera, microwave radar and etc. But these methods mentioned before are restricted by manpower, fund and other factors. Thus, traffic departments only have carried on the deployment in the essential road sections and the main street intersections which quantity is less than 1/ l0 of whole road. This causes the massive information“vacuum”regions on the urban road system. The huge challenge we face with is the problem of how can we get the real-time road status comprehensively and accurately.
This research depends on the project of urban road transportation management system. It has emphasised on the real-time transportation data collection method of floating car data, and relys on the real-time vehicles localization data from taxi companies which proposed a set of the road network transportation condition estimation methods through the taxi real-time locating data. There are four aspects included in this method: carring on the localization of taxi real-time GPS data, analyzing the logical characteristic of taxi service, extracting the behavior characters of taxi drivers and analyzing the effective localization data to obtain the transportation informations of road section that the taxi pass through.According to this method,we can obtain the real-time transportation state of roads information effectively and have an advantage of a low investment cost and maintenance cost. This method has more practical value.
First, this article has introduced the research situation of real-time transportation information collection, including the taxi electronic dispatch system as well as the corresponding technology. Analyzed the mothod of map coordinates transformation and the match method of vehicles localization data, then has analyzed the vehicles localization effective sampling with emphasis according to the drivers driving custom to get the tavel time of the road sections. It has filled the transportation blank region data.With the experiments of real data, explained this algorithm could obtain the road section reasonable travel time, int could describe the road network real-time condition. Finally this article introduced the overall system construction design and the realization process.
引文
[1] 胡金星;刘允才,面向动态导航的城市路网实时回交通信息服务系统研究,交通与计算机, 2005 年,第 6 期第 23 卷(总第 127 期),49~51
[2] 黄卫;陈里德,智能运输系统(ITS)概论,北京,人民交通出版社,1999
[3] Cambridge Systematics Traffic Monitoring Systems Development Study (multiple volumes) [Z]. Virginia Department of Transportation. 1994/1995
[4] FHWA.Highway Performance Monitoring Systems – Field Manual for the Continuing Analytical and Stutistical Data Base [Z]. USDOT, 2000-01
[5] 章威;徐建闽;张孜,基于出租车 GPS 定位技术的 ITS 共用信息平台实时路况信息采集及处理方法,公路交通科技,2007 年 5 月,第 24 卷第 5 期,P125-126
[6] Boyce D;Kirson A;Schofer J,Design and implementation of ADVANCE [A],Proc Third International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems [C],1993,P415~426.
[7] S.Yamada,The Strategy and Doployment Plan for VICS,IEEE Communication, 1996,Vol34(10), P94~97
[8] Jean-Luc Ygnace;Chris Drane,Cellular telecommunication and transportation convergence: a case study of a research conducted in California and in France on cellular positioning techniques and transportation Issues [A],2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings[C],Oakland (CA), USA, 2001.8: P25~29
[9] 关积珍, 智能化交通信息服务系统建设的探索与实践,交通运输系统工程与信息, 2002 年,第 2 卷第 2 期,P24-29
[10] 武长顺,我国智能交通对比国外国家的发展及反思,天津日报,2006 年 10 月 17日
[11] 关根柔,智能交通系统的兴起及发展前瞻,电讯技术,1999 年,第 39 卷第 1 期,P46~52
[12] P.A.Wingfield, Telecommunications Media for Transport Telematics, IEEE Communication, 1996, Vol.34(10),P62~67
[13] W.Schulz, Traffic Management Improvement by Integrating Modern Communication System, IEEE Communication, 1996, Vol.34(10), P56~60
[14] 交通部西部交通建设科技项目管理中心, 智能交通系统让德国“世界杯”畅通无阻,交通部西部交通建设科技项目简报,2005 年第 13 期 (总 98 期)
[15] Hellaker, J. PROMETHEUS: strategy,1990 IEEE International Congress on Transportation Electronics: Vehicle Electronics in 90's,195～199
[16] Sodeikat H. Co-operative transport management with EURO-SCOUT. Advanced Technology for Road Transport: IVHS and ATT [M]. Ian Catling, ed. Artech House, MA, 1995
[17] Ilgaz R. LoCoMoTiV Final Report, Mobilit?t und Transport imintermodalen Verkehr Project (MTV-LoCoMoTiV)[A], BMW AG, Munich, Germany, 2000.
[18] 关根柔,智能交通系统的兴起及发展前瞻,电讯技术,1999 年,第 39 卷第 1 期,P46~52
[19] 美国 ISS 公司视频检测系统 Autoscope SOLO PRO NC 培训教材
[20] 杨东援;赵娅丽;汪海渊,日本新交通管理系统(UTMS21)方案的分析
[21] 张北海,国内电子不停车收费系统发展现状,2007-01-18 路桥隧道管理养护专业网 http://www.rbtmm.com/Html/IndustryArticle/2007/0118/200701181200001213.html
[22] 张宇飞,基于 SCATS 控制系统下的交通信号优化设计,交通与运输,2003 年,第6 期
[23] 牟瑛,交通量数据采集系统,辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2005 年 3 月,第 7卷第 1 期,P35-36
[24] 唐汝磉;钱寒峰,智能交通信息采集中数据融合技术探讨,科技咨询导报,2007年,第 26 期,P17-18
[25] 董敬欣;吴建平;郭继孚,基于 GPS/GIS 数据的路网层次划分研究,城市交通, 2005 年,第 29 卷第 10 期,P70~71
[26] 边馥苓;朱国宾;余洁等,地理信息系统原理和方法,北京测绘出版社,1996 年
[27] 吴信才,地理信息系统原理与方法,北京,电子工业出版社,2002 年
[28] 刘基余;李征航;王跃虎等,全球定位系统原理及其应用,北京,测绘出版社,1993 年
[29] 张其善;吴今培;杨东凯,智能车辆定位导航系统及应用,北京,科学出版社,2002 年
[30] 赵亦林,车辆定位与导航系统,北京,电子工业出版社,1999 年
[31] 李永祥;杨晓梅,全球卫星定位系统 GPS 及其在智能交通系统 ITS 中的应用, 黑龙江交通科技, 2005 年,第 9 期,P187-188
[32] 张涛;王文清;邓菲,分组无线数据网在 GPS 车辆监控中的应用研究,交通科技,2004 年,第 3 期(总第 204 期) ,P101~102
[33] Jeffrey D J,Russam K.Electronic route guidance by Autoguide:the research background,Traffic engineering and control,1987,Vol28(3),P525~529
[34] Wolshon B Y.Hatipkarasulu,Results of car following analyses using global positioning system. Journal of transportation engineering, ASCE, 2000, Vol126(4),P324~331
[35] 陈利燕;夏斌;方元,车载 GPS 的几种通讯方式及比较,农机化研究,2006 年 5月,第 5 期,P208~209
[36] Won-Seop Han, Keechoo Choi. KORTIC: An Implementation of a KoreaTraffic Information Center over Metropolitan Seoul Region [A], 1996.
[37] William A.Perez,Gary A.Golembiewski,Deborah Dennard.Professed Willingness to Pay for Travtek Features.IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.1993
[38] 王密;郭丙轩;雷霆等,车载 GPS 导航系统中 GPS 定位与道路匹配方法研究,武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000 年 6 月,第 25 卷第 3 期,P248-251
[39] 李强;缪立新;段进宇,基于驾驶员路径选择的动态交通仿真模型,公路交通科技,2001 年 12 月,第 18 卷第 6 期,P65-69
[40] 周溪召,驾驶员实时动态路径选择行为组合模型,上海理工大学学报,2002 年,第 24 卷第 2 期,P109-112
[2] 黄卫;陈里德,智能运输系统(ITS)概论,北京,人民交通出版社,1999
[3] Cambridge Systematics Traffic Monitoring Systems Development Study (multiple volumes) [Z]. Virginia Department of Transportation. 1994/1995
[4] FHWA.Highway Performance Monitoring Systems – Field Manual for the Continuing Analytical and Stutistical Data Base [Z]. USDOT, 2000-01
[5] 章威;徐建闽;张孜,基于出租车 GPS 定位技术的 ITS 共用信息平台实时路况信息采集及处理方法,公路交通科技,2007 年 5 月,第 24 卷第 5 期,P125-126
[6] Boyce D;Kirson A;Schofer J,Design and implementation of ADVANCE [A],Proc Third International Conference on Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems [C],1993,P415~426.
[7] S.Yamada,The Strategy and Doployment Plan for VICS,IEEE Communication, 1996,Vol34(10), P94~97
[8] Jean-Luc Ygnace;Chris Drane,Cellular telecommunication and transportation convergence: a case study of a research conducted in California and in France on cellular positioning techniques and transportation Issues [A],2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings[C],Oakland (CA), USA, 2001.8: P25~29
[9] 关积珍, 智能化交通信息服务系统建设的探索与实践,交通运输系统工程与信息, 2002 年,第 2 卷第 2 期,P24-29
[10] 武长顺,我国智能交通对比国外国家的发展及反思,天津日报,2006 年 10 月 17日
[11] 关根柔,智能交通系统的兴起及发展前瞻,电讯技术,1999 年,第 39 卷第 1 期,P46~52
[12] P.A.Wingfield, Telecommunications Media for Transport Telematics, IEEE Communication, 1996, Vol.34(10),P62~67
[13] W.Schulz, Traffic Management Improvement by Integrating Modern Communication System, IEEE Communication, 1996, Vol.34(10), P56~60
[14] 交通部西部交通建设科技项目管理中心, 智能交通系统让德国“世界杯”畅通无阻,交通部西部交通建设科技项目简报,2005 年第 13 期 (总 98 期)
[15] Hellaker, J. PROMETHEUS: strategy,1990 IEEE International Congress on Transportation Electronics: Vehicle Electronics in 90's,195～199
[16] Sodeikat H. Co-operative transport management with EURO-SCOUT. Advanced Technology for Road Transport: IVHS and ATT [M]. Ian Catling, ed. Artech House, MA, 1995
[17] Ilgaz R. LoCoMoTiV Final Report, Mobilit?t und Transport imintermodalen Verkehr Project (MTV-LoCoMoTiV)[A], BMW AG, Munich, Germany, 2000.
[18] 关根柔,智能交通系统的兴起及发展前瞻,电讯技术,1999 年,第 39 卷第 1 期,P46~52
[19] 美国 ISS 公司视频检测系统 Autoscope SOLO PRO NC 培训教材
[20] 杨东援;赵娅丽;汪海渊,日本新交通管理系统(UTMS21)方案的分析
[21] 张北海,国内电子不停车收费系统发展现状,2007-01-18 路桥隧道管理养护专业网 http://www.rbtmm.com/Html/IndustryArticle/2007/0118/200701181200001213.html
[22] 张宇飞,基于 SCATS 控制系统下的交通信号优化设计,交通与运输,2003 年,第6 期
[23] 牟瑛,交通量数据采集系统,辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2005 年 3 月,第 7卷第 1 期,P35-36
[24] 唐汝磉;钱寒峰,智能交通信息采集中数据融合技术探讨,科技咨询导报,2007年,第 26 期,P17-18
[25] 董敬欣;吴建平;郭继孚,基于 GPS/GIS 数据的路网层次划分研究,城市交通, 2005 年,第 29 卷第 10 期,P70~71
[26] 边馥苓;朱国宾;余洁等,地理信息系统原理和方法,北京测绘出版社,1996 年
[27] 吴信才,地理信息系统原理与方法,北京,电子工业出版社,2002 年
[28] 刘基余;李征航;王跃虎等,全球定位系统原理及其应用,北京,测绘出版社,1993 年
[29] 张其善;吴今培;杨东凯,智能车辆定位导航系统及应用,北京,科学出版社,2002 年
[30] 赵亦林,车辆定位与导航系统,北京,电子工业出版社,1999 年
[31] 李永祥;杨晓梅,全球卫星定位系统 GPS 及其在智能交通系统 ITS 中的应用, 黑龙江交通科技, 2005 年,第 9 期,P187-188
[32] 张涛;王文清;邓菲,分组无线数据网在 GPS 车辆监控中的应用研究,交通科技,2004 年,第 3 期(总第 204 期) ,P101~102
[33] Jeffrey D J,Russam K.Electronic route guidance by Autoguide:the research background,Traffic engineering and control,1987,Vol28(3),P525~529
[34] Wolshon B Y.Hatipkarasulu,Results of car following analyses using global positioning system. Journal of transportation engineering, ASCE, 2000, Vol126(4),P324~331
[35] 陈利燕;夏斌;方元,车载 GPS 的几种通讯方式及比较,农机化研究,2006 年 5月,第 5 期,P208~209
[36] Won-Seop Han, Keechoo Choi. KORTIC: An Implementation of a KoreaTraffic Information Center over Metropolitan Seoul Region [A], 1996.
[37] William A.Perez,Gary A.Golembiewski,Deborah Dennard.Professed Willingness to Pay for Travtek Features.IEEE-IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference.1993
[38] 王密;郭丙轩;雷霆等,车载 GPS 导航系统中 GPS 定位与道路匹配方法研究,武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000 年 6 月,第 25 卷第 3 期,P248-251
[39] 李强;缪立新;段进宇,基于驾驶员路径选择的动态交通仿真模型,公路交通科技,2001 年 12 月,第 18 卷第 6 期,P65-69
[40] 周溪召,驾驶员实时动态路径选择行为组合模型,上海理工大学学报,2002 年,第 24 卷第 2 期,P109-112
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