江苏沿海地区海陆风气候特征分析
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摘要
本文利用江苏省沿海三市23站2005-2008年逐时风向、风速、气压、温度资料,将前人提出的基于月平均的海陆风分离技术改进为基于日平均的海陆风分离技术,并进行了验证,结果表明：改进后的基于日平均的海陆风分离方法能有效将实测风资料中的海陆风分量与大尺度风场分量(包括季风分量和天气尺度风分量)分离开来,该分离方法可应用于处在季风区又缺少探空资料的沿海站点,建立有效的“净”海陆风风场数据集。
对江苏沿海地区海(陆)风主导风向、临界风速等气候特征以及海岸带走向等地理特征进行统计,量化并提出适用于该研究区域的海陆风判定标准。用提出的标准对该地区海陆风气候特征展开统计分析,包括海陆风日频率,海(陆)风风速,海风强度,海(陆)风起-止-持续时间,初始海(陆)风风向、风速等。结果表明：1)海陆风日发生频率以夏、秋季多,冬、春季少。2)海(陆)风起-止时间,1月早于7月；空间分布上,陆风开始时间冬、夏季呈相反空间分布。3)近海站从初始海风时刻到最大海风时刻耗时短于内陆站；南通地区中心城市站能最快达到最大海风风速。4)海风频率峰区为17-20时,陆风频率峰区为01-06时。5)初始海风风向,连云港地区以E风最多,盐城地区以NNE-NE风最多,南通地区以ENE-E风最多；初始海风风速在2-3m/s区间出现频率较高。
进一步研究了城市热岛对城市站海陆风各项特征的影响,结果表明：1)城市热岛的背景条件对从近地层10m风场资料中提取到的海(陆)风各项特征影响不大,通过与非热岛日条件下海陆风各项特征对比发现,只有在强热岛日条件下,海陆风各项气候特征才有明显变化。2)强热岛日条件下,城市站海风和陆风风速都有增大,其中陆风的增幅更明显；陆风结束时间明显提前,海风起始、结束时间都有明显提前。
Using hourly datas of23stations in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, included wind, pressure and temperature datas from2005to2008, improved the sea-land breeze separation technique based on monthly predecessor to the new one which is based on daily average and prove it. The result shows that the improved method can separate sea-land breeze component from large scale wind component included monsoon and daily wind parts. It can be used to establish a pure sea-land breeze data by which coastal station lacked horizontal data in monsoon region.
Stat the characters of main wind direction, critical wind speed and some geographical features like the trend of coastline etc, quantized as a criterion which is applied to coastal areas of Jiangsu. Then use it to study every features included the day frequency, mean wind velocity, the strength and onset-end-duration time of sea-land breeze.The results indicated that:1) The number and frequency of sea-land day is higher in summer and autumn, lower in winter and spring.2) Sea-land breeze onset-end time is earlier in Jan than in Jul; land breeze onset time is on the contrary Spatial distribute between Jan and Jul.3) The strength of sea breeze in offshore is greater than the one inland, and it take less time from sea breeze onset to the maximum speed time in offshore station.4) The peak of sea breeze direction frequency is from17:00to20:00, and the land breeze's is from01:00to06:00.5) The onset sea wind direction is mainly in E direction in Lian Yungang, NNE～NE in Yancheng and ENE-E in Nantong; the onset sea wind speed is mostly in the interval of2to3m/s.
Further researches on influence of unban heat island on sea-land breeze, the results revealed that1) The difference is clearly only in strong heat island condition.2) Strong heat island makes the speed of sea and land breeze both increase,and the land breeze speed growth more clearly, also the land wind end time and sea wind onset-end time is in advance clearly in strong heat island condition.
对江苏沿海地区海(陆)风主导风向、临界风速等气候特征以及海岸带走向等地理特征进行统计,量化并提出适用于该研究区域的海陆风判定标准。用提出的标准对该地区海陆风气候特征展开统计分析,包括海陆风日频率,海(陆)风风速,海风强度,海(陆)风起-止-持续时间,初始海(陆)风风向、风速等。结果表明：1)海陆风日发生频率以夏、秋季多,冬、春季少。2)海(陆)风起-止时间,1月早于7月；空间分布上,陆风开始时间冬、夏季呈相反空间分布。3)近海站从初始海风时刻到最大海风时刻耗时短于内陆站；南通地区中心城市站能最快达到最大海风风速。4)海风频率峰区为17-20时,陆风频率峰区为01-06时。5)初始海风风向,连云港地区以E风最多,盐城地区以NNE-NE风最多,南通地区以ENE-E风最多；初始海风风速在2-3m/s区间出现频率较高。
进一步研究了城市热岛对城市站海陆风各项特征的影响,结果表明：1)城市热岛的背景条件对从近地层10m风场资料中提取到的海(陆)风各项特征影响不大,通过与非热岛日条件下海陆风各项特征对比发现,只有在强热岛日条件下,海陆风各项气候特征才有明显变化。2)强热岛日条件下,城市站海风和陆风风速都有增大,其中陆风的增幅更明显；陆风结束时间明显提前,海风起始、结束时间都有明显提前。
Using hourly datas of23stations in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, included wind, pressure and temperature datas from2005to2008, improved the sea-land breeze separation technique based on monthly predecessor to the new one which is based on daily average and prove it. The result shows that the improved method can separate sea-land breeze component from large scale wind component included monsoon and daily wind parts. It can be used to establish a pure sea-land breeze data by which coastal station lacked horizontal data in monsoon region.
Stat the characters of main wind direction, critical wind speed and some geographical features like the trend of coastline etc, quantized as a criterion which is applied to coastal areas of Jiangsu. Then use it to study every features included the day frequency, mean wind velocity, the strength and onset-end-duration time of sea-land breeze.The results indicated that:1) The number and frequency of sea-land day is higher in summer and autumn, lower in winter and spring.2) Sea-land breeze onset-end time is earlier in Jan than in Jul; land breeze onset time is on the contrary Spatial distribute between Jan and Jul.3) The strength of sea breeze in offshore is greater than the one inland, and it take less time from sea breeze onset to the maximum speed time in offshore station.4) The peak of sea breeze direction frequency is from17:00to20:00, and the land breeze's is from01:00to06:00.5) The onset sea wind direction is mainly in E direction in Lian Yungang, NNE～NE in Yancheng and ENE-E in Nantong; the onset sea wind speed is mostly in the interval of2to3m/s.
Further researches on influence of unban heat island on sea-land breeze, the results revealed that1) The difference is clearly only in strong heat island condition.2) Strong heat island makes the speed of sea and land breeze both increase,and the land breeze speed growth more clearly, also the land wind end time and sea wind onset-end time is in advance clearly in strong heat island condition.
引文
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