对2006年世界杯与2007年亚洲杯足球赛运动员犯规特点的比较研究
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摘要
现代足球运动发展了100多年的历史,比赛的观赏性不断的提高,激烈程度也逐渐加大,在激烈对抗的比赛中,队员的每一个犯规动作都成为影响比赛胜负的重要因素,因此,犯规越来越受到教练、球员、及裁判的关注,成为运动员比赛训练的一个重要部分。
本文采用了文献资料法,数据统计法,录像观察法,逻辑分析法对2006年世界杯足球赛和2007年亚洲杯足球赛中,球员的犯规特点进行比较研究,得出:1,发现无论是亚洲杯赛场还是世界杯赛场,后八名球队场均犯规次数都多于前八名球队,但是不存在显著差异,说明球队成绩与犯规次数无关,不存在成绩好,犯规少,成绩差,犯规多的现象;在小组赛和淘汰赛中,场均犯规次数也没有显著性差异,不存在小组赛中运动员身体接触少,犯规少,淘汰赛中身体接触多,犯规多的问题。2,世界杯赛场平均犯规次数多于亚洲杯赛场犯规次数,且存在显著性差异,说明世界杯赛场上,球员身体接触更加频繁,对抗更加激烈。3,世界杯赛场和亚洲杯赛场,在犯规时间段上没有显著差异,犯规高峰期出现在比赛开始前十五分钟和比赛结束前十五分钟;而比赛开始前十五分钟是各个球队得红黄牌最少的时间段,比赛结束前十五分钟又是两个杯赛中球队得到红黄牌数量最多的时段。4,亚洲杯和世界杯赛场上,犯规主要区域均是在中场区域;在世界杯赛场上,后场犯规次数少于前场犯规次数,然而亚洲杯赛场恰好相反,后场犯规次数却多于前场犯规次数;亚洲杯赛场上,得到红黄牌的比例最多区域是后场区域,而世界杯赛场上,得到红黄牌最多的区域则是中场区域。5,两个赛场上,球员犯规的主要方式基本相同,主要以拉扯、推人、铲人、绊摔、踢人、冲撞六种为主,只是两个杯赛犯规性质比例不同,亚洲杯犯规性质比例由高到低分别是铲人、推人、拉扯、绊摔、踢人、冲撞,而世界杯依次是铲人、拉扯、推人、绊摔、冲撞、踢人,可以看出铲球犯规是比赛中球员采取的第一手段,得到红黄牌最多的犯规方式也是铲球犯规。6,不论是亚洲杯赛场,还是世界杯赛场比分越接近,犯规次数和红黄牌数量越多,随着比分的拉大,犯规次数和红黄牌数量越来越少。7,亚洲杯赛场上,主要的犯规原因是防守突破,而世界杯赛场上,最主要的犯规原因是防守转身。8,亚洲杯赛场中球员采取的战术犯规次数少于世界杯赛场。9,无论是亚洲杯赛场还是世界杯赛场,球员越位最多的时段都是在比赛最后十五分钟;比分越接近,越位次数越多,随着比分的拉大,越位次数有所减少。
通过对亚洲球队与世界强队犯规特点的研究发现,亚洲球员在身体素质、技术运用、战术打法等方面,与世界强队比较,都存在较大差距,尤其在对犯规技战术的运用上存在较大差距[8]。本文对亚洲杯和世界杯犯规特点进行了对比分析,旨在找出亚洲球队和世界强队之间的具体差距,为亚洲球队的训练提供数据参考,也为裁判员的临场判罚提供相应的理论依据。
The modern football sport develops more than 100 years. Its competition ornamentation had improved as well as its intense degree. In the intense resistance competition, member's each violation of the regulation is becoming a decisive factor over the match. So the violation of the football regulations is receiving more attention from the coaches, players, and referees. It also became an important part in the training courses.
This thesis employed the methods of literature material, the data statistic, the video recording observation, the logical analysis. It made a contrastive study to the characteristics of the players’violations of the football regulations in the 2006 World Cup and the 2007 Asian Cup. It conducted the following conclusions: 1) No matter it is in the Asian Cup or in the World Cup, the last eight teams’violation of the football playing regulations is more than the first eight teams, but there is no remarkable differences between them, which showed that the scores of a team had nothing to do with how many times it had violated the regulations. There are not the phenomena that better scores with less violation of the regulations, worse scores more violations of the regulations. In the group matches and the elimination series, the field violating of regulations also do not have a significance difference. It does not have such phenomena that in the group matches the athletes’body contacts are less, violating regulations are less; in the elimination series the body contacts are more, violating regulations are many. 2) In the World Cup, the athletic field violation of regulations is more than that of Asian Cup and has a significance difference, which showed that in the World Cup athletic field, the members’body contacts are more frequent, the resistance is more intense. 3) In the World Cup athletic field and Asian Cup athletic field, there is not a remarkable difference in the time sections of violating the regulations. The peak time for violating of regulations appears at the first 15 minutes and the last 15 minutes of a competition. The first 15 minutes is the time section of getting the fewest yellow and red cards, while the last 15 minutes the most yellow and red cards. 4) In the Asian Cup and the World Cup athletic field, the primary area of violating regulations is in the middle region. In the World Cup athletic field, the times of violating the regulations are more in the wings region than in the front region, while for the Asian Cup athletic field is exactly the other way around. In Asian Cup athletic field, it is in the wings region that the proportion of getting the red and yellow cards is larger, but in the World Cup athletic field the middle region. 5) In that two athletic fields, the athletes’violation of the regulations fundamentally in the same mode, mainly in pulling, pushing, shoveling, stumbling and letting fall, kicking. Its only difference is their proportion in the nature of violating the regulations. The proportion of violating the regulations in the Asian Cup from high to low are respectively the shoveling, pushing, pulling, stumbling and let falls, kicking , dashing , while in the World Cup the shoveling, pulling, pushing, stumbling and letting fall, dashing, kicking. We can see that the shoveling is the first device employed by the players. It is also for the same reason that the players get the yellow and red cards.6) No matter it is Asian in the Asian Cup athletic field or in the World Cup athletic field, the more closer of their scores are , the more yellow and red cards they will get. As their scores’gap enlarging, the times of violating the regulations and the numbers of the yellow and red cards will decrease. In the Asian Cup athletic field, the main reason for violating the regulations is the defense breakthrough; while in the World Cup athletic field the defense turning around. 8) In the Asian Cup athletic field, the numbers for the violation of the regulations that are adopted by the athletes tactically are less than that of in the World Cup athletic field. 9) No matter it is in the Asian Cup athletic field or in the World Cup athletic field, it is the final 15 minutes section in which the football players offside the most. As the gap between their scores getting larger, the times of offside are less.
The research to the characteristics of violating the regulations of the and the world strong teams showed that, compared with the world strong teams, the Asian teams have a large disparity in aspects of the players’physical quality, the technology utilization and the tactical fighting method, especially in utilizing the technique and tactics to violate the regulations[8].This thesis made a contrastive analysis to the characteristics of violating the regulations in the Asian Cup and the World Cup so as find out the concrete disparities between the Asian teams and world strong teams and to provide the referential data for the trainings of Asian’s teams. It also provides the corresponding theory basis for the on site referees.
本文采用了文献资料法,数据统计法,录像观察法,逻辑分析法对2006年世界杯足球赛和2007年亚洲杯足球赛中,球员的犯规特点进行比较研究,得出:1,发现无论是亚洲杯赛场还是世界杯赛场,后八名球队场均犯规次数都多于前八名球队,但是不存在显著差异,说明球队成绩与犯规次数无关,不存在成绩好,犯规少,成绩差,犯规多的现象;在小组赛和淘汰赛中,场均犯规次数也没有显著性差异,不存在小组赛中运动员身体接触少,犯规少,淘汰赛中身体接触多,犯规多的问题。2,世界杯赛场平均犯规次数多于亚洲杯赛场犯规次数,且存在显著性差异,说明世界杯赛场上,球员身体接触更加频繁,对抗更加激烈。3,世界杯赛场和亚洲杯赛场,在犯规时间段上没有显著差异,犯规高峰期出现在比赛开始前十五分钟和比赛结束前十五分钟;而比赛开始前十五分钟是各个球队得红黄牌最少的时间段,比赛结束前十五分钟又是两个杯赛中球队得到红黄牌数量最多的时段。4,亚洲杯和世界杯赛场上,犯规主要区域均是在中场区域;在世界杯赛场上,后场犯规次数少于前场犯规次数,然而亚洲杯赛场恰好相反,后场犯规次数却多于前场犯规次数;亚洲杯赛场上,得到红黄牌的比例最多区域是后场区域,而世界杯赛场上,得到红黄牌最多的区域则是中场区域。5,两个赛场上,球员犯规的主要方式基本相同,主要以拉扯、推人、铲人、绊摔、踢人、冲撞六种为主,只是两个杯赛犯规性质比例不同,亚洲杯犯规性质比例由高到低分别是铲人、推人、拉扯、绊摔、踢人、冲撞,而世界杯依次是铲人、拉扯、推人、绊摔、冲撞、踢人,可以看出铲球犯规是比赛中球员采取的第一手段,得到红黄牌最多的犯规方式也是铲球犯规。6,不论是亚洲杯赛场,还是世界杯赛场比分越接近,犯规次数和红黄牌数量越多,随着比分的拉大,犯规次数和红黄牌数量越来越少。7,亚洲杯赛场上,主要的犯规原因是防守突破,而世界杯赛场上,最主要的犯规原因是防守转身。8,亚洲杯赛场中球员采取的战术犯规次数少于世界杯赛场。9,无论是亚洲杯赛场还是世界杯赛场,球员越位最多的时段都是在比赛最后十五分钟;比分越接近,越位次数越多,随着比分的拉大,越位次数有所减少。
通过对亚洲球队与世界强队犯规特点的研究发现,亚洲球员在身体素质、技术运用、战术打法等方面,与世界强队比较,都存在较大差距,尤其在对犯规技战术的运用上存在较大差距[8]。本文对亚洲杯和世界杯犯规特点进行了对比分析,旨在找出亚洲球队和世界强队之间的具体差距,为亚洲球队的训练提供数据参考,也为裁判员的临场判罚提供相应的理论依据。
The modern football sport develops more than 100 years. Its competition ornamentation had improved as well as its intense degree. In the intense resistance competition, member's each violation of the regulation is becoming a decisive factor over the match. So the violation of the football regulations is receiving more attention from the coaches, players, and referees. It also became an important part in the training courses.
This thesis employed the methods of literature material, the data statistic, the video recording observation, the logical analysis. It made a contrastive study to the characteristics of the players’violations of the football regulations in the 2006 World Cup and the 2007 Asian Cup. It conducted the following conclusions: 1) No matter it is in the Asian Cup or in the World Cup, the last eight teams’violation of the football playing regulations is more than the first eight teams, but there is no remarkable differences between them, which showed that the scores of a team had nothing to do with how many times it had violated the regulations. There are not the phenomena that better scores with less violation of the regulations, worse scores more violations of the regulations. In the group matches and the elimination series, the field violating of regulations also do not have a significance difference. It does not have such phenomena that in the group matches the athletes’body contacts are less, violating regulations are less; in the elimination series the body contacts are more, violating regulations are many. 2) In the World Cup, the athletic field violation of regulations is more than that of Asian Cup and has a significance difference, which showed that in the World Cup athletic field, the members’body contacts are more frequent, the resistance is more intense. 3) In the World Cup athletic field and Asian Cup athletic field, there is not a remarkable difference in the time sections of violating the regulations. The peak time for violating of regulations appears at the first 15 minutes and the last 15 minutes of a competition. The first 15 minutes is the time section of getting the fewest yellow and red cards, while the last 15 minutes the most yellow and red cards. 4) In the Asian Cup and the World Cup athletic field, the primary area of violating regulations is in the middle region. In the World Cup athletic field, the times of violating the regulations are more in the wings region than in the front region, while for the Asian Cup athletic field is exactly the other way around. In Asian Cup athletic field, it is in the wings region that the proportion of getting the red and yellow cards is larger, but in the World Cup athletic field the middle region. 5) In that two athletic fields, the athletes’violation of the regulations fundamentally in the same mode, mainly in pulling, pushing, shoveling, stumbling and letting fall, kicking. Its only difference is their proportion in the nature of violating the regulations. The proportion of violating the regulations in the Asian Cup from high to low are respectively the shoveling, pushing, pulling, stumbling and let falls, kicking , dashing , while in the World Cup the shoveling, pulling, pushing, stumbling and letting fall, dashing, kicking. We can see that the shoveling is the first device employed by the players. It is also for the same reason that the players get the yellow and red cards.6) No matter it is Asian in the Asian Cup athletic field or in the World Cup athletic field, the more closer of their scores are , the more yellow and red cards they will get. As their scores’gap enlarging, the times of violating the regulations and the numbers of the yellow and red cards will decrease. In the Asian Cup athletic field, the main reason for violating the regulations is the defense breakthrough; while in the World Cup athletic field the defense turning around. 8) In the Asian Cup athletic field, the numbers for the violation of the regulations that are adopted by the athletes tactically are less than that of in the World Cup athletic field. 9) No matter it is in the Asian Cup athletic field or in the World Cup athletic field, it is the final 15 minutes section in which the football players offside the most. As the gap between their scores getting larger, the times of offside are less.
The research to the characteristics of violating the regulations of the and the world strong teams showed that, compared with the world strong teams, the Asian teams have a large disparity in aspects of the players’physical quality, the technology utilization and the tactical fighting method, especially in utilizing the technique and tactics to violate the regulations[8].This thesis made a contrastive analysis to the characteristics of violating the regulations in the Asian Cup and the World Cup so as find out the concrete disparities between the Asian teams and world strong teams and to provide the referential data for the trainings of Asian’s teams. It also provides the corresponding theory basis for the on site referees.
引文
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