钢框架—钢筋混凝土筒体结构温度效应研究
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摘要
温度作用一直是高层建筑无法回避的问题,由于高层钢框架-混凝土核心筒结构其竖向由钢与混凝土两种不同建筑材料组成,而钢与混凝土两种材料在物理、力学性能上存在差异,在温度作用下两者会产生不同的变形反应,相应会产生附加内力,这种累积的变形差可能会影响结构的安全性和适用性。然而要准确计算高层建筑结构温度应力存在着困难,当前研究和设计人员常采用简化的计算方法,但这些简化方法经常缺乏整体的考虑,同时得出的结果很粗糙。在我国高层建筑结构设计中甚至不考虑温度作用,只作些构造处理。
本论文基于以上背景,从热物理和热传导的基本理论出发,讨论了温度分布规律、温度荷载的计算方法,考察了高层建筑结构中温度变形和温度内力计算的实用方法,给出了建筑生命期内不同时期的可能温度工况。然后以大连世界贸易大厦为基本模型,利用有限元程序SAP2000对其进行温度效应分析,通过计算给定温度工况对上述模型的影响,从中探讨和确定高层混合结构在温度作用下的不利工况,给出了高层混合结构由于温度变化造成结构梁柱、楼板、剪力墙内力的变化范围,分析结构中不同构件的变形与内力规律。对于个别工况,探讨了改变柱截面、梁截面及设刚性加强层时变形和内力变化情况。最后针对以上的分析成果,对可能出现的问题提出了探讨性建议。
The problem that the temperature affects on the high-rise buildings isunavoidable. Since the steel frames and concrete core-wall structures is made up oftwo different materials in vertical direction, different deformation and the additionalinternal forces will be produced when the structure under the temperature load. Thiskind of different deformation accumulation may affect the security and theserviceability of the structure. However it is difficult to calculate the temperaturestress of high-rise building structure accurately. The current researchers and designersuse the simplified methods. The results obtained by the simplified methods are veryrough. In our country, the temperature effects are not considered in the high-risestructural design and only some constructure measures are made.
Based on the above backgrounds, this paper discussed the rules of temperaturedistribution and the computing methods of the temperature loads, and also surveyedthe practical computing methods of the thermal deformation and the temperaturestress. The possible temperature cases which may occur in the lifespan of the buildingare given. Dalian world trade building is given as the fundamental model to finish thetemperature effects analysis by using the finite element program SAP2000. Theinfluence of temperature case on the analysis is presented and the mostdisadvantageous temperature case is discussed. The variation scopes of the internalforces in beams, columns and slabs are provided. At last, in the construct process ofthe steel frames and concrete core-wall some suggestions are proposed correspondingto some problems.
本论文基于以上背景,从热物理和热传导的基本理论出发,讨论了温度分布规律、温度荷载的计算方法,考察了高层建筑结构中温度变形和温度内力计算的实用方法,给出了建筑生命期内不同时期的可能温度工况。然后以大连世界贸易大厦为基本模型,利用有限元程序SAP2000对其进行温度效应分析,通过计算给定温度工况对上述模型的影响,从中探讨和确定高层混合结构在温度作用下的不利工况,给出了高层混合结构由于温度变化造成结构梁柱、楼板、剪力墙内力的变化范围,分析结构中不同构件的变形与内力规律。对于个别工况,探讨了改变柱截面、梁截面及设刚性加强层时变形和内力变化情况。最后针对以上的分析成果,对可能出现的问题提出了探讨性建议。
The problem that the temperature affects on the high-rise buildings isunavoidable. Since the steel frames and concrete core-wall structures is made up oftwo different materials in vertical direction, different deformation and the additionalinternal forces will be produced when the structure under the temperature load. Thiskind of different deformation accumulation may affect the security and theserviceability of the structure. However it is difficult to calculate the temperaturestress of high-rise building structure accurately. The current researchers and designersuse the simplified methods. The results obtained by the simplified methods are veryrough. In our country, the temperature effects are not considered in the high-risestructural design and only some constructure measures are made.
Based on the above backgrounds, this paper discussed the rules of temperaturedistribution and the computing methods of the temperature loads, and also surveyedthe practical computing methods of the thermal deformation and the temperaturestress. The possible temperature cases which may occur in the lifespan of the buildingare given. Dalian world trade building is given as the fundamental model to finish thetemperature effects analysis by using the finite element program SAP2000. Theinfluence of temperature case on the analysis is presented and the mostdisadvantageous temperature case is discussed. The variation scopes of the internalforces in beams, columns and slabs are provided. At last, in the construct process ofthe steel frames and concrete core-wall some suggestions are proposed correspondingto some problems.
引文
[1] 沈蒲生.高层建筑结构设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,2-8
[2] 胡世德.我国高层、超高层建筑的发民和 90 年代需要解决的问题.建筑技术.1995,22(2):67-72
[3] 徐培福,傅学怡,王翠坤等.复杂高层建筑结构设计.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):1-10
[4] 胡世德.国内外近年高层建筑的发展及所采用的施工技术.建筑技术,2001,30(11):752-760
[5] Roeder, Charles W. Overview of hybrid and composite systems for seimic designin the United States. Engineering Structures, 1998,20(4):355-362
[6] 中华人民共和国国家标准.高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:109-118
[7] 杨淑红.浅谈高层建筑.呼伦贝尔学院学报,1999,7(1):120-123
[8] Morion S. Recent developments in hybrid structures in jupan research, designand construction. Engineering Structures, 1998, 20(4):336-346
[9] Roeder C W, Leon R T, Preece F R. Effect of composite action on the seismicperformance of older steel structure.Composite Construction,ASCE SpecialPublication,1992,17(6):382-396
[10] Boyd P F, Cofer W R, Mclean D I. Seismic performance of steel encasedconcrete columns under flexural loading. ACI Structure Journal, 1995,92(3):355-364
[11] Liu Z, Goel S C. Cylic load behavior of concrete-filled tubular braces. ASCE,Journal of Structure Division, 1988, 114(7):1488-1506
[12] Shahrooz B M, Remnetter M E, Qin F. Seismic design and performance ofcomposite coupled walls.ASCE, Journal of Structure Enfineering, 1993, 119(11):3291-3309
[13] Bsmith Acouil. Tall building Structure-analysis and design. John.wiley &Sonsinc Inc., 1991,56-69
[14] Seatta A, Scotta R, Vitaliani R. Stress Analysis of Concrete StructuresSubjicted to Variable Thermal Loads. Journal of Structural Enfineering,ASCE,1995,2(3):122-128
[15] Arthur H Nilson, George Winter. Design of Concrete Structures(EleventhEdition).New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991,264-269
[16] Riccardo Barsotti, Maurizio Forli. Statistical analysis of themal action on aconcrete segmental box-girder bridge. Structural Engineering Internationl.2000,10(3):15-21
[17] Weidlinger. Temperature Stress in Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings. CivilEngineering, 1964, 8(8):20-36
[18] 刘兴法. 混凝土结构的温度应力分析. 北京:人民交通出版社,1991,115-210
[19] 龚召熊. 水工混凝土的温控与防裂. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999,150-180
[20] 张嵩,金玮,赵鸣等. 高层建筑结构温度内力的计算.结构工程师,1996,29(3):30-33
[21] 宋丽,杨政,吴胜兴.钢筋混凝土框\排架结构温度伸缩缝研究.工程力学增刊,2001,21(1):612-617
[22] 汪胡烈,周岱.各种温度变化对高层建筑结构的影响.山东矿业学院学报, 1994,30(1):61-66
[23] 夏勇, 裴若娟. 高层剪力墙结构温度应力初探. 建筑结构, 2000,20(2):8-11
[24] 王铁梦.建筑物的裂缝控制.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1993,150-157
[25] 樊江,陶燕.框架结构温度应力的简化计算及裂缝控制.工程力学增刊, 2000,10(1):419-424
[26] 樊江,陶燕,王汝鹏.框架结构温度应力变形计算及构造措施.昆明理工大学学报, 2000,25(1):4-9
[27] 谢靖中,谢查俊.超长结构整体温度作用的理论解,工程力学增刊,2000,21(1):488-424
[28] 陈淮,赵娟,李天. 季节温差作用对超长高层建筑的影响.郑州大学学报(工学版),2006,27(4):25-28
[29] 赵海东,赵鸣,沈水明.超长钢筋混凝土结构的温度响应. 四川建筑科学,2000,2(44):7-10
[30] 赵娟,陈淮,李天.超长高层建筑结构温度作用计算工况探讨.郑州大学学报(工学版),2003,24(3):37-40
[31] 赵娟.超长高层建筑结构温度问题研究.[郑州大学硕士学位论文].郑州:郑州大学 2002:8-15
[32] 章熙民,任泽霈.传热学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,27-35
[33] Mirambell E, Costa J. Thermal stresses in composite bridges according to BS5400 and EC1. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures andBuildings, 1997, 122(12):281-137
[34] Chang S P, Im C K. Thermal behavior of composite box-girder bridges.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings,2000,140(2):117-126
[35] Shushkewich, K W. Dedign of segmental bridges for themal gradient. PCIJourmal.1998, 143(4):120-137
[36] Elbadry M M, Ghali A. Temperature variations in concrete bridges.Journal ofStructural Engineering, ASCE, 1980, 109(10):235-237
[37] 中华人民共和国国家计划委员会.GB50019-2003.采暖通风与空气调节设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,2003,14-25
[38] 孔祥谦. 有限单元法在传热学中的应用.北京:科学出版社,1998,50-57
[39] 康为江. 钢筋混凝土箱梁日照温度效应研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2000,32-49
[40] 李全林. 日照下混凝土箱梁桥的温度场和温度应力研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004,10-56
[41] 邵红艳.结构温度场和温度应力场分析.[西北工业大学硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2001,8-14
[42] 王铁梦.工程结构裂缝控制.北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1994,150-158
[43] 朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998,1-50
[44] 樊小卿. 温度作用与结构设计.建筑结构学报,1999,20(2):43-50
[45] 杨丽,韩波,郭志恭. 在高层建筑结构设计中如何考虑温度竖向作用.基建优化,2001,22(2):32-35
[46] 李鸿猷.高层建筑结构日照影响的研究.工程力学,1990,7(3):65-80
[47] 屠成松(编译). 高层房屋空间结构译文集(三).同济大学科技情报站,1983,21-31
[48] 李鸿猷. 高层建筑结构日照影响探讨.建筑结构学报,1989,10(3):56-68
[49] 候忠良. 大连世界贸易大厦钢结构设计与施工.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003,10-21
[2] 胡世德.我国高层、超高层建筑的发民和 90 年代需要解决的问题.建筑技术.1995,22(2):67-72
[3] 徐培福,傅学怡,王翠坤等.复杂高层建筑结构设计.土木工程学报,2005,38(1):1-10
[4] 胡世德.国内外近年高层建筑的发展及所采用的施工技术.建筑技术,2001,30(11):752-760
[5] Roeder, Charles W. Overview of hybrid and composite systems for seimic designin the United States. Engineering Structures, 1998,20(4):355-362
[6] 中华人民共和国国家标准.高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程(JGJ3-2002).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:109-118
[7] 杨淑红.浅谈高层建筑.呼伦贝尔学院学报,1999,7(1):120-123
[8] Morion S. Recent developments in hybrid structures in jupan research, designand construction. Engineering Structures, 1998, 20(4):336-346
[9] Roeder C W, Leon R T, Preece F R. Effect of composite action on the seismicperformance of older steel structure.Composite Construction,ASCE SpecialPublication,1992,17(6):382-396
[10] Boyd P F, Cofer W R, Mclean D I. Seismic performance of steel encasedconcrete columns under flexural loading. ACI Structure Journal, 1995,92(3):355-364
[11] Liu Z, Goel S C. Cylic load behavior of concrete-filled tubular braces. ASCE,Journal of Structure Division, 1988, 114(7):1488-1506
[12] Shahrooz B M, Remnetter M E, Qin F. Seismic design and performance ofcomposite coupled walls.ASCE, Journal of Structure Enfineering, 1993, 119(11):3291-3309
[13] Bsmith Acouil. Tall building Structure-analysis and design. John.wiley &Sonsinc Inc., 1991,56-69
[14] Seatta A, Scotta R, Vitaliani R. Stress Analysis of Concrete StructuresSubjicted to Variable Thermal Loads. Journal of Structural Enfineering,ASCE,1995,2(3):122-128
[15] Arthur H Nilson, George Winter. Design of Concrete Structures(EleventhEdition).New York:McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991,264-269
[16] Riccardo Barsotti, Maurizio Forli. Statistical analysis of themal action on aconcrete segmental box-girder bridge. Structural Engineering Internationl.2000,10(3):15-21
[17] Weidlinger. Temperature Stress in Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings. CivilEngineering, 1964, 8(8):20-36
[18] 刘兴法. 混凝土结构的温度应力分析. 北京:人民交通出版社,1991,115-210
[19] 龚召熊. 水工混凝土的温控与防裂. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999,150-180
[20] 张嵩,金玮,赵鸣等. 高层建筑结构温度内力的计算.结构工程师,1996,29(3):30-33
[21] 宋丽,杨政,吴胜兴.钢筋混凝土框\排架结构温度伸缩缝研究.工程力学增刊,2001,21(1):612-617
[22] 汪胡烈,周岱.各种温度变化对高层建筑结构的影响.山东矿业学院学报, 1994,30(1):61-66
[23] 夏勇, 裴若娟. 高层剪力墙结构温度应力初探. 建筑结构, 2000,20(2):8-11
[24] 王铁梦.建筑物的裂缝控制.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1993,150-157
[25] 樊江,陶燕.框架结构温度应力的简化计算及裂缝控制.工程力学增刊, 2000,10(1):419-424
[26] 樊江,陶燕,王汝鹏.框架结构温度应力变形计算及构造措施.昆明理工大学学报, 2000,25(1):4-9
[27] 谢靖中,谢查俊.超长结构整体温度作用的理论解,工程力学增刊,2000,21(1):488-424
[28] 陈淮,赵娟,李天. 季节温差作用对超长高层建筑的影响.郑州大学学报(工学版),2006,27(4):25-28
[29] 赵海东,赵鸣,沈水明.超长钢筋混凝土结构的温度响应. 四川建筑科学,2000,2(44):7-10
[30] 赵娟,陈淮,李天.超长高层建筑结构温度作用计算工况探讨.郑州大学学报(工学版),2003,24(3):37-40
[31] 赵娟.超长高层建筑结构温度问题研究.[郑州大学硕士学位论文].郑州:郑州大学 2002:8-15
[32] 章熙民,任泽霈.传热学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,27-35
[33] Mirambell E, Costa J. Thermal stresses in composite bridges according to BS5400 and EC1. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures andBuildings, 1997, 122(12):281-137
[34] Chang S P, Im C K. Thermal behavior of composite box-girder bridges.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings,2000,140(2):117-126
[35] Shushkewich, K W. Dedign of segmental bridges for themal gradient. PCIJourmal.1998, 143(4):120-137
[36] Elbadry M M, Ghali A. Temperature variations in concrete bridges.Journal ofStructural Engineering, ASCE, 1980, 109(10):235-237
[37] 中华人民共和国国家计划委员会.GB50019-2003.采暖通风与空气调节设计规范.北京:中国计划出版社,2003,14-25
[38] 孔祥谦. 有限单元法在传热学中的应用.北京:科学出版社,1998,50-57
[39] 康为江. 钢筋混凝土箱梁日照温度效应研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2000,32-49
[40] 李全林. 日照下混凝土箱梁桥的温度场和温度应力研究.[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004,10-56
[41] 邵红艳.结构温度场和温度应力场分析.[西北工业大学硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2001,8-14
[42] 王铁梦.工程结构裂缝控制.北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1994,150-158
[43] 朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998,1-50
[44] 樊小卿. 温度作用与结构设计.建筑结构学报,1999,20(2):43-50
[45] 杨丽,韩波,郭志恭. 在高层建筑结构设计中如何考虑温度竖向作用.基建优化,2001,22(2):32-35
[46] 李鸿猷.高层建筑结构日照影响的研究.工程力学,1990,7(3):65-80
[47] 屠成松(编译). 高层房屋空间结构译文集(三).同济大学科技情报站,1983,21-31
[48] 李鸿猷. 高层建筑结构日照影响探讨.建筑结构学报,1989,10(3):56-68
[49] 候忠良. 大连世界贸易大厦钢结构设计与施工.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003,10-21
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