基于知识工程的固体发动机设计方法及其应用研究
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摘要
本文以固体发动机方案论证为应用背景,系统开展了基于知识工程的固体发动机设计方法及其应用研究。建立了基于知识工程的固体发动机设计体系框架,给出了固体发动机结构-行为-功能映射关系,分析了固体发动机设计特点和设计需求,提出了解决知识表示、知识获取和知识推理等问题的有效方法,为实现固体火箭发动机设计知识继承提供了有效途径。
开展了设计功能域建模研究,得到用于设计推理的量化设计要求。开展了映射关系建模研究,明确了总体和分系统设计推理具体任务,给出解决模型知识和经验性知识获取及表示问题的要点。
研究了面向对象的混合知识表示方法。分别提出了量化设计要求语义网表示、材料框架表示、启发性知识定性规则、经验性知识神经规则,给出了发动机总体方案、药型、壳体形状、喷管结构、型面及点火器设计结果决策表等单一知识表示方法。应用面向对象技术对单一知识进行封装,实现了面向对象的固体发动机设计案例表示。
研究了专家经验指导下的设计知识获取方法。针对量化参数间映射关系,提出了基于定性推理和基于数据挖掘的启发性知识获取策略。针对设计经验性知识来源,分别建立了面向产品实例和面向领域专家的经验性知识获取策略。为提高知识获取完备性和实现较细获取粒度,结合信息熵技术,提出了实例与专家经验相结合的经验性知识获取策略。
研究了基于案例的固体发动机集成化推理方法。为解决相似案例差异性问题,提出了基于划分聚类和模糊神经网络的设计案例相似性检索方法。针对映射关系的模糊性和耦合性,提出了基于神经规则的定性描述量调整和基于定性规则的量化参数调整的案例调整策略。建立了发动机总体和各分系统设计推理流程。
针对单室单推力和单室双推力固体发动机,实现了基于知识工程的固体发动机设计应用,方案设计阶段涉及总体设计、装药设计、燃烧室设计、喷管设计和点火器设计等内容。
本文研究工作用于固体发动机方案论证阶段,对实现设计知识的继承性、设计思路的广泛性和设计过程的快速性具有重要意义。提出的理论和方法具有普适性,可推广应用到一般工程设计问题。
This dissertation, focusing on the Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) conceptual demonstration, explores the design method based on knowledge engineering and their applications. In detail, the system and the framework of the SRM design based on knowledge engineering are established. SRM Structure-behavior-function (SBF) representation model is established, characteristic and requirement of SRM design are analyzed. The methods of knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and knowledge reasoing are thus established to suggest some efficient appraoches to inheritance of SRM design knowledge.
In order to obtain the quantitative design demand used for the design reasoning, function modeling of design is produced. SBF mapping modeling of design is established, the task of system and subsystems design, and main points of acquisition and representation of model knowledge and experiential knowledge are resulted.
Object-Oriented hybird knowledge representation is studied. Some single knowledge representations, such as semantic web of quantitative design demand, frame structure of material, qualitative rules of heuristic knowledge, neural rules of experiential knowledge and decision table of system and subsystems design, are developed. Encapsulation of single knowledge representations are finished by Object-Oriented, and the case of SRM design is established.
Design knowledge acquisition under domain expert direction is studied. According to quantitative parameters mapping relation, heuristic knowledge acquisition strategy based on qualitative reasoning and data mining is proposed. According to its source, experiential knowledge acquisition methods from product design cases and domain experts are proposed. For the sake of completeness and granularity, using information entropy, experiential knowledge acquisition based on combination of design cases and domain experts experience is established.
Case-based reasoning (CBR) of SRM design is studied. To improve the diversity of similar cases, similarity retrieval method based on partitioned clustering and General Fuzzy Min-Max neural network is developed. According to fuzzy, coupling and uncertain parameters mapping relation, case adaptation using neural rules and qualitative rules is developed. CBR processes of SRM system and subsystems design are established.
The design method based on knowledge engineering was used for design examples, including single-chamber single-thrust and single-chamber dual-thrusts SRM design. Conceptual design of two examples is realized. The design task includes system design, propellant grain design, chamber design, nozzle design and igniter design.
The research in this dissertation provides great impetus to SRM design for conceptual demonstration. It can realize knowledge inheritance, improve the diversity of feasible design results, and enhance the design speed. The concepts and methods described in the dissertation are quite general and will be applicable to other engineering systems.
开展了设计功能域建模研究,得到用于设计推理的量化设计要求。开展了映射关系建模研究,明确了总体和分系统设计推理具体任务,给出解决模型知识和经验性知识获取及表示问题的要点。
研究了面向对象的混合知识表示方法。分别提出了量化设计要求语义网表示、材料框架表示、启发性知识定性规则、经验性知识神经规则,给出了发动机总体方案、药型、壳体形状、喷管结构、型面及点火器设计结果决策表等单一知识表示方法。应用面向对象技术对单一知识进行封装,实现了面向对象的固体发动机设计案例表示。
研究了专家经验指导下的设计知识获取方法。针对量化参数间映射关系,提出了基于定性推理和基于数据挖掘的启发性知识获取策略。针对设计经验性知识来源,分别建立了面向产品实例和面向领域专家的经验性知识获取策略。为提高知识获取完备性和实现较细获取粒度,结合信息熵技术,提出了实例与专家经验相结合的经验性知识获取策略。
研究了基于案例的固体发动机集成化推理方法。为解决相似案例差异性问题,提出了基于划分聚类和模糊神经网络的设计案例相似性检索方法。针对映射关系的模糊性和耦合性,提出了基于神经规则的定性描述量调整和基于定性规则的量化参数调整的案例调整策略。建立了发动机总体和各分系统设计推理流程。
针对单室单推力和单室双推力固体发动机,实现了基于知识工程的固体发动机设计应用,方案设计阶段涉及总体设计、装药设计、燃烧室设计、喷管设计和点火器设计等内容。
本文研究工作用于固体发动机方案论证阶段,对实现设计知识的继承性、设计思路的广泛性和设计过程的快速性具有重要意义。提出的理论和方法具有普适性,可推广应用到一般工程设计问题。
This dissertation, focusing on the Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) conceptual demonstration, explores the design method based on knowledge engineering and their applications. In detail, the system and the framework of the SRM design based on knowledge engineering are established. SRM Structure-behavior-function (SBF) representation model is established, characteristic and requirement of SRM design are analyzed. The methods of knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and knowledge reasoing are thus established to suggest some efficient appraoches to inheritance of SRM design knowledge.
In order to obtain the quantitative design demand used for the design reasoning, function modeling of design is produced. SBF mapping modeling of design is established, the task of system and subsystems design, and main points of acquisition and representation of model knowledge and experiential knowledge are resulted.
Object-Oriented hybird knowledge representation is studied. Some single knowledge representations, such as semantic web of quantitative design demand, frame structure of material, qualitative rules of heuristic knowledge, neural rules of experiential knowledge and decision table of system and subsystems design, are developed. Encapsulation of single knowledge representations are finished by Object-Oriented, and the case of SRM design is established.
Design knowledge acquisition under domain expert direction is studied. According to quantitative parameters mapping relation, heuristic knowledge acquisition strategy based on qualitative reasoning and data mining is proposed. According to its source, experiential knowledge acquisition methods from product design cases and domain experts are proposed. For the sake of completeness and granularity, using information entropy, experiential knowledge acquisition based on combination of design cases and domain experts experience is established.
Case-based reasoning (CBR) of SRM design is studied. To improve the diversity of similar cases, similarity retrieval method based on partitioned clustering and General Fuzzy Min-Max neural network is developed. According to fuzzy, coupling and uncertain parameters mapping relation, case adaptation using neural rules and qualitative rules is developed. CBR processes of SRM system and subsystems design are established.
The design method based on knowledge engineering was used for design examples, including single-chamber single-thrust and single-chamber dual-thrusts SRM design. Conceptual design of two examples is realized. The design task includes system design, propellant grain design, chamber design, nozzle design and igniter design.
The research in this dissertation provides great impetus to SRM design for conceptual demonstration. It can realize knowledge inheritance, improve the diversity of feasible design results, and enhance the design speed. The concepts and methods described in the dissertation are quite general and will be applicable to other engineering systems.
引文
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