基于阿达玛（Hadamard）变换的激光告警机信噪比增强技术研究
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摘要
为了对付战场上激光测距机目标识别器日益严重的威胁,发展激光告警技术迫在眉睫。目前激光告警系统普遍存在信噪比低、虚警率高等问题,从强背景光中提取微弱的来袭激光信号非常困难。将阿达玛变换用于激光告警接收机时,可以有效地提高系统信噪比。当应用于Sn循环矩阵时,其信噪比提高倍数达到n+1/2n~(1/2)。
论文从阿达玛变换原理出发,分别阐述了液晶空间光调制器和面阵CMOS做编码模板实现信噪比增强技术,详细描述了编码模板的设计,对两种方法实现阿达玛变换分别作了具体的实验研究和数据采集。研究结果表明两种方法都可以在一定程度上实现阿达玛变换,但又各有不足。首先,用液晶空间光调制器做模板可以较好地实现实时解码计算,当信号输入后几秒钟就可以读到实验结果。但信噪比提高倍数与理论计算值出入较大,文中列举了几点原因并作了较详尽的分析。其二,用面阵CMOS代替光调制器充当一个虚拟的用于数据处理的阿达玛编码模板,试验表明其效果很好,与信噪比提高倍数的理论值只有16%的误差,且成本低。但其缺点在于运算量较大,耗时约是前一方法的五倍,实时应用性有待提高。文中也对后一方法做出了详细的误差分析,并给出了解决误差和改进实验的一些建议和方法。
In order to meet the increasingly serious threaten of the Laser Range Finder and object identifier in the battlefield,it is important to develop the laser warning technology.Current laser warning system have the problems of low ratio of siginal to noise(SNR) and high False Alarm Rate,it is difficult to get the arriving laser from the intense background light.Applying Hadamard transform in laser warning system,the SNR of it can be improved effectively by n+1/2n~(1/2) times,when using the Sn circular matrix.
The paper respectively expatiated the SLM and Area Array CMOS served as the coding templet to realize the technology of improving SNR,the design of coding templet was described detailedly,experiment and data acquisition test were carried on using the two kinds of coding templet.The experiment results indicate that this two kinds of method can realize the Hadamard Transform(HT),but each of them has disadvantages.Firstly,the coding can be realized in real time,by using the SLM,and the result can be read out in a few seconds.But the SNR was not as well as theoretic value,and the reasons were analyzed detailedly. Secondly,the Area Array CMOS replaced the light modulator was used as the Hadamard templet to process the data,ideal results can be got,and only 16%error to the theoretic value of SNR,it also has the advantage of low cost.But it has disadvantage of mass computation capacity,the computing time is quintuplicate of the SLM.Finaly,the error was analyzed,the solutions and improved experiment were put forward.
论文从阿达玛变换原理出发,分别阐述了液晶空间光调制器和面阵CMOS做编码模板实现信噪比增强技术,详细描述了编码模板的设计,对两种方法实现阿达玛变换分别作了具体的实验研究和数据采集。研究结果表明两种方法都可以在一定程度上实现阿达玛变换,但又各有不足。首先,用液晶空间光调制器做模板可以较好地实现实时解码计算,当信号输入后几秒钟就可以读到实验结果。但信噪比提高倍数与理论计算值出入较大,文中列举了几点原因并作了较详尽的分析。其二,用面阵CMOS代替光调制器充当一个虚拟的用于数据处理的阿达玛编码模板,试验表明其效果很好,与信噪比提高倍数的理论值只有16%的误差,且成本低。但其缺点在于运算量较大,耗时约是前一方法的五倍,实时应用性有待提高。文中也对后一方法做出了详细的误差分析,并给出了解决误差和改进实验的一些建议和方法。
In order to meet the increasingly serious threaten of the Laser Range Finder and object identifier in the battlefield,it is important to develop the laser warning technology.Current laser warning system have the problems of low ratio of siginal to noise(SNR) and high False Alarm Rate,it is difficult to get the arriving laser from the intense background light.Applying Hadamard transform in laser warning system,the SNR of it can be improved effectively by n+1/2n~(1/2) times,when using the Sn circular matrix.
The paper respectively expatiated the SLM and Area Array CMOS served as the coding templet to realize the technology of improving SNR,the design of coding templet was described detailedly,experiment and data acquisition test were carried on using the two kinds of coding templet.The experiment results indicate that this two kinds of method can realize the Hadamard Transform(HT),but each of them has disadvantages.Firstly,the coding can be realized in real time,by using the SLM,and the result can be read out in a few seconds.But the SNR was not as well as theoretic value,and the reasons were analyzed detailedly. Secondly,the Area Array CMOS replaced the light modulator was used as the Hadamard templet to process the data,ideal results can be got,and only 16%error to the theoretic value of SNR,it also has the advantage of low cost.But it has disadvantage of mass computation capacity,the computing time is quintuplicate of the SLM.Finaly,the error was analyzed,the solutions and improved experiment were put forward.
引文
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[4]Marina Carbonaro,Paola Maselli,Paolo Dore,Alessandro Nucara.Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to legume seed flour analysis[J].Food Chemistry.2008,108.1:361-368.
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[27]Christine M.Wehlburg,Joseph C.Wehlburg.Optimization and Characterization of an Imaging Hadamard Spectrometer[J].Proceedings of SPIE.2001,4381:506-515.
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[34]牛海涛.相干探测型激光告警机关键技术研究[D].中北大学.硕士毕业论文.2006
[35]张记龙,田二明,王志斌.基于正弦透射光栅的激光告警接收机研究[J].红外与激光工程.2006,35.3:326-330.
[36]赵诗华,滕爱萍.光栅衍射的初步分析[J].大学物理.2005,24.4:55-57.
[37]华家宁.各种光栅的衍射效率[J].南京师范大学学报.1990,04:26-27.
[38]徐平,张晓春,郭展容.N阶闪耀光栅衍射理论分析[J].大学物理.1996,15.4:7-8.
[39]贾辉,李福田.阿达玛变换成像光谱仪编码模板的设计与制作[J].光电工程.2003.30.4:53-56.
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[2]张凤生,叶军,叶虎年.弱辐射光谱测量技术的研究[J].光学精密工程.2000.8.3:234-237.
[3]亓洪兴.Hadamard变换成像光谱技术[J].红外,2005,6.6:12-20.
[4]Marina Carbonaro,Paola Maselli,Paolo Dore,Alessandro Nucara.Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to legume seed flour analysis[J].Food Chemistry.2008,108.1:361-368.
[5]荣维坚,李世唐.最佳二进序列与循环Hadamard矩阵[J].漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版).2003,16.1:18-22.
[6]Tomas Hirschfeld an,Gerry Wyntjes.Fourier Transform vs Hadamard Transform Spectroscopy[J].APPLIED OPTICS.1973,12.12:2876-2880.
[7]A.Seiman,M.Kaljurand,A.Ebber.Influence of a stacking phenomenon on the results of Hadamard transform capillary electrophoresis[J].Analytica chimica acta.2007,589:71-75.
[8]Ming Hing Tai,Martin Harwit.Fourier and Hadamard transform spectrometers:a limited comparison[J].APPLIED OPTICS.1976,15.11:2664-2666.
[9]唐宏武,周锦松.阿达玛变换光谱和成像技术的应用和研究进展[J].分析化学.2005,33.3:17-422.
[10]A.Wuttig,R.Riesenberg.Sensitive Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer with a simple[C].SPIE.2003,1.4881:167-178.
[11]Bezerra da Silva,Henrique Eduardo;Pasquini,Celio.Dual-beam near-infrared Hadamard spectrophotometer.Appl.Spectrosc.2001,55.6:715-720.
[12]Roderick D.Swift Richard B.Wattson.Hadamard transform imager and imaging spectrometer[J].Appl.Opt.1976,15.6:1595-1609.
[13]梁烽,梅二文,曾小斌等.双编码阿达玛变换光谱法-原理,仪器及光谱分析研究. 分析科学学报.1995,11.2:56-61.
[14]陈观铨,唐宏武,周锦松等.使用一维机械模板的高分辨阿达玛变换显微图像探测技术研究[J].高等学校化学学报.2001,22.7:1114-1116.
[15]罗美娜,李涛,潘丽,唐宏武.阿达玛变换显微荧光成像在单细胞定量分析中的应用研究[J].分析科学学报.2005,21.5:507-509.
[16]周锦松,唐宏武,吴琼水,陈观铨.高分辨阿达玛变换显微荧光图像分析(Π) 单细胞DNA荧光图像生成、处理及自动定量分析研究[J].分析科学学报.2003.19.1:17-20.
[17]亓洪兴,陈木旺.短波红外Hadmard变换高光谱成像技术研究[J].红外技术.2005,27.6:463-468.
[18]马文坡.红外多光谱扫描仪设计与评价[J].红外技术.2002,24.5:1-4.
[19]张炳泉,毕风飞.液晶空间光调制器在阿达玛变换光谱仪中的应用研究--快速精确的解码方法[J].光学学报.1992,12.7:602-605.
[20]周锦松,吕群波,相里斌.阿达玛变换光谱成像仪光谱混叠分析及修正[J].光子学,报.2005,34.10:1518-1521.
[21]Marian Hanf,Steffen Kurthb.Application of micro mirror arrays for Hadamard transform optics[J].Proceedings of SPIE.2003,5445:128-131.
[22]Joseph L.Robichaud,Wallace K.Wong,Roger A.Van Tassel.Measured Performance c(a Hadamard-coded Photodiode-array Spectrometer)[J].SPIE.1991,1575:255-257.
[23]Marian Hanf,Alexey Schaporin,Ramon Hahn.Novel Hadamard transform spectrometer realized using a dynamically driven micro mirror array as light modulator[J].Proceedings of SPIE.2004,5717:117-126.
[24]李涛.阿达玛变换显微镜在单细胞成像分析中的应用[D].武汉大学.硕士毕业论文.2004.
[25]罗亚军.通过Hadamard变换进行量子密钥的分发[D].华中科技大学.硕士毕业论文.2003.
[26]张磊.Hadamard波谱和分子间交叉极化的研究[D].华东师范大学.硕士毕业论 文.2005.
[27]Christine M.Wehlburg,Joseph C.Wehlburg.Optimization and Characterization of an Imaging Hadamard Spectrometer[J].Proceedings of SPIE.2001,4381:506-515.
[28]M.K.Aouf.The quasi-Hadamard product of certain analytic functions.April.2007,187.1:54-61.
[29]苏显渝,李继陶编著.信息光学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:281-292.
[30]陈安世;周仁忠:魏平.快速阿达玛变换硬件系统的设计[]].北京理工大学学报.1993,13.1:73-78.
[31]张凤生,徐志良,徐松柳,提高光谱编码测量分辨本领的精细采样与快速解码[J].青岛大学学报.1999,14.3:1-3.
[32]G(u|¨)nter Nitzsche,Rainer Riesenberg.Noise,Fluctuation and HADAMARD-Transform-Spectrometry.Proceedings of SPIE.2003,5111:273-282.
[33]张庆,叶虎年.最大通量“阿达玛变换”成像术研究[J].计量与测试技术.1997,14:29-31.
[34]牛海涛.相干探测型激光告警机关键技术研究[D].中北大学.硕士毕业论文.2006
[35]张记龙,田二明,王志斌.基于正弦透射光栅的激光告警接收机研究[J].红外与激光工程.2006,35.3:326-330.
[36]赵诗华,滕爱萍.光栅衍射的初步分析[J].大学物理.2005,24.4:55-57.
[37]华家宁.各种光栅的衍射效率[J].南京师范大学学报.1990,04:26-27.
[38]徐平,张晓春,郭展容.N阶闪耀光栅衍射理论分析[J].大学物理.1996,15.4:7-8.
[39]贾辉,李福田.阿达玛变换成像光谱仪编码模板的设计与制作[J].光电工程.2003.30.4:53-56.
[40]张忠君,周岩.完全循环Hadamard矩阵存在的几个必要条件[J].燕山大学学报.1999,23.4:373-374.
[41]张涌逸.伪随机码与HADAMARD矩阵[J].华北工学院学报.2001年,22.5:369-370
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