大型公共工程项目绩效评价研究
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摘要
近年来,我国各级政府普遍加大了对大型公共工程项目的投资力度,大型公共工程项目在中国社会、经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。就在大型公共工程项目投资迅速增加,有效拉动经济增长的同时,也陆续出现了一些不容忽视的问题,如投资绩效不理想、低水平重复建设严重、忽视环境污染监测等问题,其原因有多方面,但从公共管理与管理科学的角度来说,主要是以下两个方面造成的,一是缺乏一套在持续发展模式下科学合理的衡量大型公共工程项目绩效的综合性指标体系及与之相对应的绩效评价方法。二是缺乏对影响大型公共工程项目绩效的关键因素的定量分析。因此,为了使有限的大型公共工程项目投资发挥更大效益,必须创新大型公共工程项目的绩效评价理论,完善大型公共工程项目绩效评价机制,从而更好地提升我国大型公共工程项目的绩效,更有力的推动我国经济整体向前。
本文在充分吸收消化国内外有关大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标和评价方法的最新研究成果的基础上,结合可持续发展理论、利益相关者理论和绩效评价理论,对大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系进行了构建研究,其次建立了大型公共工程项目绩效综合评价模型,然后定量分析了影响大型公共工程项目绩效的因素,最后此为依据提出了大型公共工程项目绩效的改进建议。
针对大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系的设计问题,本文在总结以往普通的公共工程项目绩效评价指标的基础上,从大型公共工程项目的委托代理关系及其绩效的运作逻辑出发,依据工程绩效评价指标的设计原则以及大型公共工程项目的特点,从大型公共工程项目的项目投入、项目过程、项目产出、项目影响四大表现环节,项目生命周期的项目决策阶段、项目实施阶段、项目运营阶段及项目的可持续发展模式这三个角度构建了一套实用,动态且具有普遍意义的大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系,再通过文献研究法编写、筛选指标,然后咨询专家的建议对指标体系进行完善、修改,最终解决了现有评价指标体系缺乏系统性和综合性的问题。
针对大型公共工程项目绩效综合评价方法的选择,本文尝试性的将证据理论,模糊数学应用到大型公共工程项目绩效评价中,通过建立多指标性能参数的评判模型,利用改进证据理论中的Mass函数计算与合成进行评判,最后以定量等级表示绩效评价的结果,从而很大程度上避免了专家主观评价引起的误差。同时,数据将考虑样本的典型性和通用性,故选择湖南省某个大型公共工程项目为案例,编写了计算程序,便于用计算机进行规范化评判。
针对影响大型公共工程项目绩效的要素的定量分析,本文通过充分利用可持续发展模式下大型公共工程项目绩效的有关信息,首先定性分析了影响大型公共工程项目绩效评价的因素的指标,运用SPSS13.0软件对问卷数据进行描述性统计结果,鉴定出了影响大型公共工程项目绩效评价的五大关键因素：项目管理因素、项目治理因素、管理者素质因素、风险分配因素、外部环境因素,然后利用AMOS17.0及SPSS13.0软件对这五大影响项目绩效的因素进行结构方程模型分析,通过定量分析,不仅得出了该理论模式的路径系数,而且验证了项目管理因素、项目治理因素、管理者素质因素、风险分配因素、外部环境因素对大型公共工程项目绩效存在显著影响,这为大型公共工程项目绩效评价工作的开展找到了关键切入点。
针对目前我国政府虽然初步开展了对大型公共工程项目绩效评价,但缺乏仔细分析和有效解读绩效评价结果的现象,本文将之前所得研究成果结合控制论和信息论等基本理论来尝试构建有效的评价机制,通过这些研究结果为政府从方法论的角度来解读绩效评价结果,提高大型公共工程项目的绩效提供了有效的建议。
In recent years, governments at all levels in our country generally reinforced the investment efforts in large-scale public construction projects, while this particularly play a more and more important role in the development of social society and economic development. Yet with the accelerated speed of large-scale public construction project investment, the economic growth is promoted effectively, whereas some problems also appear and can not be overlooked, such as undesirable investment performance, low-level and repeated construction, neglect of monitoring of environmental pollution appropriation of capital, corruption and so on. There are diversified reasons for these problems, however, from the perspective of Public Management and Management Science, the reasons are mainly including the following two facets:firstly, lack of a comprehensive quantitative index system to scientifically and reasonably measure the performance of large-scale public construction project and the performance assessment method thereof under the sustainable development mode; secondly, lack of quantitative analysis on the key factors which influence the performance of large-scale public projects. Therefore, in order to better display the benefit of large-scale public project investment, we should be innovative in building the performance assessment theories, assessment system, assessment index, and assessment method, quantitatively analyze the key factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects, consummate the performance assessment system of large-scale public construction project, so as to better promote the development of large-scale public project construction in our country.
Based on full digestion of the latest foreign and domestic researches on assessment index and methods for large-scale public project performance, with integration of the sustainable development theory, the stakeholder's theory and the performance assessment theory, a creative research is performed here following building the assessment index system for performance assessment of large-scale public projects firstly.Then paper studied the performance assessment model of large-scale public projects and quantitatively analyzed the factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects. At last the paper gave political suggestions to enhancement of large-scale public project performance.
Focusing on the design of large-scale public project performance assessment index system, this paper summarizes the precious ordinary performance assessment index system for public projects. Processing from the agency relationship of large-scale public construction projects and its operation logics of its performance, based on the design principles of performance assessment index and the features of large-scale public construction project, a practical and dynamic public project performance assessment index system with common significance is built from the following three visual angles:the four performance modules of large-scale public projects including project investment, project process, project output, and project influence, project life circle including project decision-making stage, project implementation stage, project operation stage, and sustainable development mode of projects. Then through literature review, the indices are complied and selected. After that, the author consults to the experts to further improve and correct the index system, finally the lack of comprehensiveness and integrity of the existing assessment index system are avoided.
Focusing on the selection of comprehensive assessment method of large-scale public project performance, this paper tries to apply inproved D-S evidence theory and fuzzy mathematics to performance assessment of large-scale public projects. Through establishment of assessment mode with multiple-index performance parameters, by using Mass function in evidence theory for calculation and integration for assessment, and expression of the performance assessment result by quantitative levels, the errors caused by experts'objective assessment is avoided accordingly. At the same time, the data also take the representativeness and generality into consideration. Therefore, a large-scale public project in Hunan Province is selected as example. Computer programs are compiled in order to adopt computer for standardized assessment.
Regarding the quantitatively analysis of the factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects, this paper makes full use of information related to public project performance under sustainable development mode, and firstly qualitatively analyzes the factors which may influence the large-scale public project performance assessment. By using SPSS13.0software, a descriptive statistics result of the questionnaire data is performed by using SPSS13.0software, and the five key factors influence the large-scale public project performance assessment are identified: project management,project governance,manager quality,risk distribution, and external environment. Then by using AMOS17.0and SPSS13.0, structure equation model analysis of the five major factors are analyzed, through quantitative analysis, the path coefficient of this theoretic mode is acquired, while it is proved that the five factors project management, project governance, manager quality, risk distribution, and external environment take significant impact on the performance of large-scale public projects, which helps to find the entry point of future performance assessment of large-scale public project.
Focusing on the phenomenon that though the governments in our country implements assessment of large-scale public projects preliminarily, there is a shortage of detailed analysis and effective interpretation of performance assessment result, this paper combines the research results with the control theory and information theory with an attempt to build effective assessment mechanism. Through these research results, some effective suggestions are offered for the methodological interpretation of performance assessment result by the government and the improvement of large-scale public project performance.
本文在充分吸收消化国内外有关大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标和评价方法的最新研究成果的基础上,结合可持续发展理论、利益相关者理论和绩效评价理论,对大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系进行了构建研究,其次建立了大型公共工程项目绩效综合评价模型,然后定量分析了影响大型公共工程项目绩效的因素,最后此为依据提出了大型公共工程项目绩效的改进建议。
针对大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系的设计问题,本文在总结以往普通的公共工程项目绩效评价指标的基础上,从大型公共工程项目的委托代理关系及其绩效的运作逻辑出发,依据工程绩效评价指标的设计原则以及大型公共工程项目的特点,从大型公共工程项目的项目投入、项目过程、项目产出、项目影响四大表现环节,项目生命周期的项目决策阶段、项目实施阶段、项目运营阶段及项目的可持续发展模式这三个角度构建了一套实用,动态且具有普遍意义的大型公共工程项目绩效评价指标体系,再通过文献研究法编写、筛选指标,然后咨询专家的建议对指标体系进行完善、修改,最终解决了现有评价指标体系缺乏系统性和综合性的问题。
针对大型公共工程项目绩效综合评价方法的选择,本文尝试性的将证据理论,模糊数学应用到大型公共工程项目绩效评价中,通过建立多指标性能参数的评判模型,利用改进证据理论中的Mass函数计算与合成进行评判,最后以定量等级表示绩效评价的结果,从而很大程度上避免了专家主观评价引起的误差。同时,数据将考虑样本的典型性和通用性,故选择湖南省某个大型公共工程项目为案例,编写了计算程序,便于用计算机进行规范化评判。
针对影响大型公共工程项目绩效的要素的定量分析,本文通过充分利用可持续发展模式下大型公共工程项目绩效的有关信息,首先定性分析了影响大型公共工程项目绩效评价的因素的指标,运用SPSS13.0软件对问卷数据进行描述性统计结果,鉴定出了影响大型公共工程项目绩效评价的五大关键因素：项目管理因素、项目治理因素、管理者素质因素、风险分配因素、外部环境因素,然后利用AMOS17.0及SPSS13.0软件对这五大影响项目绩效的因素进行结构方程模型分析,通过定量分析,不仅得出了该理论模式的路径系数,而且验证了项目管理因素、项目治理因素、管理者素质因素、风险分配因素、外部环境因素对大型公共工程项目绩效存在显著影响,这为大型公共工程项目绩效评价工作的开展找到了关键切入点。
针对目前我国政府虽然初步开展了对大型公共工程项目绩效评价,但缺乏仔细分析和有效解读绩效评价结果的现象,本文将之前所得研究成果结合控制论和信息论等基本理论来尝试构建有效的评价机制,通过这些研究结果为政府从方法论的角度来解读绩效评价结果,提高大型公共工程项目的绩效提供了有效的建议。
In recent years, governments at all levels in our country generally reinforced the investment efforts in large-scale public construction projects, while this particularly play a more and more important role in the development of social society and economic development. Yet with the accelerated speed of large-scale public construction project investment, the economic growth is promoted effectively, whereas some problems also appear and can not be overlooked, such as undesirable investment performance, low-level and repeated construction, neglect of monitoring of environmental pollution appropriation of capital, corruption and so on. There are diversified reasons for these problems, however, from the perspective of Public Management and Management Science, the reasons are mainly including the following two facets:firstly, lack of a comprehensive quantitative index system to scientifically and reasonably measure the performance of large-scale public construction project and the performance assessment method thereof under the sustainable development mode; secondly, lack of quantitative analysis on the key factors which influence the performance of large-scale public projects. Therefore, in order to better display the benefit of large-scale public project investment, we should be innovative in building the performance assessment theories, assessment system, assessment index, and assessment method, quantitatively analyze the key factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects, consummate the performance assessment system of large-scale public construction project, so as to better promote the development of large-scale public project construction in our country.
Based on full digestion of the latest foreign and domestic researches on assessment index and methods for large-scale public project performance, with integration of the sustainable development theory, the stakeholder's theory and the performance assessment theory, a creative research is performed here following building the assessment index system for performance assessment of large-scale public projects firstly.Then paper studied the performance assessment model of large-scale public projects and quantitatively analyzed the factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects. At last the paper gave political suggestions to enhancement of large-scale public project performance.
Focusing on the design of large-scale public project performance assessment index system, this paper summarizes the precious ordinary performance assessment index system for public projects. Processing from the agency relationship of large-scale public construction projects and its operation logics of its performance, based on the design principles of performance assessment index and the features of large-scale public construction project, a practical and dynamic public project performance assessment index system with common significance is built from the following three visual angles:the four performance modules of large-scale public projects including project investment, project process, project output, and project influence, project life circle including project decision-making stage, project implementation stage, project operation stage, and sustainable development mode of projects. Then through literature review, the indices are complied and selected. After that, the author consults to the experts to further improve and correct the index system, finally the lack of comprehensiveness and integrity of the existing assessment index system are avoided.
Focusing on the selection of comprehensive assessment method of large-scale public project performance, this paper tries to apply inproved D-S evidence theory and fuzzy mathematics to performance assessment of large-scale public projects. Through establishment of assessment mode with multiple-index performance parameters, by using Mass function in evidence theory for calculation and integration for assessment, and expression of the performance assessment result by quantitative levels, the errors caused by experts'objective assessment is avoided accordingly. At the same time, the data also take the representativeness and generality into consideration. Therefore, a large-scale public project in Hunan Province is selected as example. Computer programs are compiled in order to adopt computer for standardized assessment.
Regarding the quantitatively analysis of the factors influencing the performance of large-scale public projects, this paper makes full use of information related to public project performance under sustainable development mode, and firstly qualitatively analyzes the factors which may influence the large-scale public project performance assessment. By using SPSS13.0software, a descriptive statistics result of the questionnaire data is performed by using SPSS13.0software, and the five key factors influence the large-scale public project performance assessment are identified: project management,project governance,manager quality,risk distribution, and external environment. Then by using AMOS17.0and SPSS13.0, structure equation model analysis of the five major factors are analyzed, through quantitative analysis, the path coefficient of this theoretic mode is acquired, while it is proved that the five factors project management, project governance, manager quality, risk distribution, and external environment take significant impact on the performance of large-scale public projects, which helps to find the entry point of future performance assessment of large-scale public project.
Focusing on the phenomenon that though the governments in our country implements assessment of large-scale public projects preliminarily, there is a shortage of detailed analysis and effective interpretation of performance assessment result, this paper combines the research results with the control theory and information theory with an attempt to build effective assessment mechanism. Through these research results, some effective suggestions are offered for the methodological interpretation of performance assessment result by the government and the improvement of large-scale public project performance.
引文
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