构造变形下烃类运聚实验系统关键技术研究
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摘要
构造变形与烃类运聚模拟实验是人们探索和研究地质构造变形现象和机制以及对油气运聚成藏影响和相互关系的重要手段，而如何综合考虑各种影响因素，应用模拟实验的手段反演断层构造对油气成藏的控制作用，对远景油气勘探，特别是寻找断块型油气藏有着重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文就是在汲取目前国内外相关实验设备基础上，针对模拟实验系统存在的问题，对构造变形下烃类运聚模拟装置关键技术开展研究，将构造变形和烃类运聚物理模拟实验综合考虑，研制一体化的构造变形下烃类运聚试验平台。
论文对构造变形与烃类运聚物理模拟实验所遵循的相似条件进行分析和研究，建立了构造变形与烃类运聚模拟实验相似数学模型，通过定义评价物理模拟实验结果的目标函数，运用数值分析方法对比了模拟实验相似条件的主次关系，确定了实验过程中必须满足的主要相似条件，并对相关的实验参数进行计算确定了实验的关键参数，从而为实验装置关键部件的选型和设计提供理论依据。
从实验装置设计的角度对典型断裂体系的成因机制进行分析，提出了动力加载单元的技术要求，确定了构造变形系统的应力加载条件，形成了实验装置的整体概念设计方案，运用模块化设计思想，研制了模型系统、充注系统、控制系统、构造变形系统和辅助系统等关键模块，完成了一体化的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟实验装置的研制。
通过资料调研和试验测试，分析了东营凹陷沙三段地层特点、岩石类型、结构特征、断裂样式及其形成机制，明确了东营凹陷沙三段岩石的变形方式及岩石结构特征，应用相似理论建立了地层组成和岩石变形的相似性计算模型，确定了岩石相似性模型和力学参数的相似因子，构建了沙三段泥岩和各类砂岩模拟材料配比序列，建立了满足模拟实验要求的地质模型。
为了获得地质模型内部烃类运聚路径的信息，论文通过优选和对比分析各种检测方法，设计了基于高密度电阻率层析法的检测方案，确定了二维电场数学模型，将二维电场满足的基本方程变换到了付氏域，建立了物理模拟过程数据后处理数学模型，在基于最小二乘法的基础上将正演获得的数据进行了反演，确定了反演流程，并将各种介质电阻率的差异以直观图像的形式显示出来，初步形成了适于构造变形下断裂带内部烃类运移的检测方法和数学模型，形成了具有自主知识产权的实验装置控制、测量、处理一体化软件，实现了非接触式模型内部烃类运移路径的实时检测，为试验结果评价提供重要的技术依据和实验数据参考。
本文研制的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟试验装置，于2010年9月在中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司地质科学研究院安装调试完成，其中构造变形系统可实现不同断裂样式组合的模拟试验研究，动力加载单元运行稳定精度高，烃类运聚物理模拟系统可实现断裂控藏作用下烃类运聚成藏的模拟试验，现场测试和试验结果表明研制的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟实验装置达到了设计要求，满足地质模拟的需要。
The tectonics and hydrocarbon migration simulating experiment, which is an important research method, plays an important role in researching the geographic structure progress and forming mechanism and relationship between hydrocarbon migrations. While how to consider various factors in inversion the control role of fault structures for the hydrocarbon accumulation using experiment method has important theoretical and practical significance for long-term oil and gas exploration, in particular, to find fault block oil and gas reservoirs. On the basis of current experimental apparatus at home and abroad advantages, this thesis does research on the key technology of hydrocarbon migration simulation system under tectonic deformation in view of simulation system’s problems. And this paper developed integrated the hydrocarbon migration under tectonics deformation test platform, which takes into account the tectonics deformation and hydrocarbon migration experiment for the first time.
The thesis established simulated scheme and analogy mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation under tectonics deformation on analysis and research of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation under tectonics deformation experiments according to similarity theorem. In order to assure the main similar criteria in different simulating experiments, the paper numerically analyses master/slave similar criteria by defining evaluating objective function of physical simulation experiments, which use the similar parameters as the variable of the objective function in experimental system. And then we calculated experiment key parameters according to principal similar conditions, which build the foundation of experimental apparatus key components selection and design.
According to geomechanics theory and the study theme tectonics simulation experimental target, the thesis analysis genetic model and mechanical mechanisms of typical faults, proposed technical requirements of the stress load cell and identified the structural concept design of deformation module stress load cell from the perspective of the formation of fault system. Then we formed the global concept design of apparatus and identified mechanical structure key components selection and parameters, developed serial experimental apparatus integrating of hydrocarbons migration and accumulation under tectonic deformation including infuse system, control system, model system, the tectonics deformation systems and accessory system and other key modules using complex system theory and the modular design. At last, this paper conducted appropriate vivificated experiments research and testing work, and finally completed the experimental apparatus development work integrated of hydrocarbons migration and accumulation under tectonic deformation.
In order to precede tectonics deformation experiment, we should have the appropriate materials firstly. So the thesis collects and collates rock information of Dongying sag Shasan section, conducts a number of mechanical parameters of rock test and analysis deformation characteristics of the test, and makes clear the rock structure and deformation characters; The paper established the composition of strata and rock deformation similarity calculate model and derived similarity criteria to the mechanical parameters; And this paper constructed mudstone and sandstone analog materials sequence of Shasan section, which can be changed its physical properties by changing the content of main materials and auxiliary materials, water content and compaction, and build geological model in line with the experimental conditions;
In order to obtain hydrocarbon migration pathways information in the three-dimensional geological model, the thesis alternated the basic two-dimensional electric field equation to the Fourier transform domain, according to two-dimensional mathematical model of the electric field. The thesis designed hydrocarbon detection scheme based on high-density resistivity chromatography, established simple laboratory model experiments, and conducted a number of experiments. In this paper, we formed the detection method, mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration processes under tectonic deformation within the fault zone, established a physical simulation, mathematical model of data processing, and formatted experimental equipment control, measurement, process integration software with independent intellectual property property. The paper can achieve non-contact real-time hydrocarbon migration paths detection within the model, and can generate detection cloud map of the oil-water interface. On the basis of least squares, the paper retrieved the data obtained by forward calculating and displayed the difference of various materials resistivity in the form of visual images which provided an important technical basis and experimental reference data for evaluation of the test results.
The hydrocarbon migration simulation under tectonics deformation experimental apparatus developed by this paper has been installed in Institute of Geological Sciences in the Shengli Oilfield, in September 2010. The tectonics deformation system can achieve different combinations of simulated fault style test, combination of modules is adjustable and flexible, the power and load units are stable and operation has high precision, hydrocarbon migration physical simulation system can conduct hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation test under control of faults. The tested results show that the deformation developed under the hydrocarbon migration simulation equipment meets the design requirements and the needs of geologic simulation.
论文对构造变形与烃类运聚物理模拟实验所遵循的相似条件进行分析和研究，建立了构造变形与烃类运聚模拟实验相似数学模型，通过定义评价物理模拟实验结果的目标函数，运用数值分析方法对比了模拟实验相似条件的主次关系，确定了实验过程中必须满足的主要相似条件，并对相关的实验参数进行计算确定了实验的关键参数，从而为实验装置关键部件的选型和设计提供理论依据。
从实验装置设计的角度对典型断裂体系的成因机制进行分析，提出了动力加载单元的技术要求，确定了构造变形系统的应力加载条件，形成了实验装置的整体概念设计方案，运用模块化设计思想，研制了模型系统、充注系统、控制系统、构造变形系统和辅助系统等关键模块，完成了一体化的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟实验装置的研制。
通过资料调研和试验测试，分析了东营凹陷沙三段地层特点、岩石类型、结构特征、断裂样式及其形成机制，明确了东营凹陷沙三段岩石的变形方式及岩石结构特征，应用相似理论建立了地层组成和岩石变形的相似性计算模型，确定了岩石相似性模型和力学参数的相似因子，构建了沙三段泥岩和各类砂岩模拟材料配比序列，建立了满足模拟实验要求的地质模型。
为了获得地质模型内部烃类运聚路径的信息，论文通过优选和对比分析各种检测方法，设计了基于高密度电阻率层析法的检测方案，确定了二维电场数学模型，将二维电场满足的基本方程变换到了付氏域，建立了物理模拟过程数据后处理数学模型，在基于最小二乘法的基础上将正演获得的数据进行了反演，确定了反演流程，并将各种介质电阻率的差异以直观图像的形式显示出来，初步形成了适于构造变形下断裂带内部烃类运移的检测方法和数学模型，形成了具有自主知识产权的实验装置控制、测量、处理一体化软件，实现了非接触式模型内部烃类运移路径的实时检测，为试验结果评价提供重要的技术依据和实验数据参考。
本文研制的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟试验装置，于2010年9月在中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司地质科学研究院安装调试完成，其中构造变形系统可实现不同断裂样式组合的模拟试验研究，动力加载单元运行稳定精度高，烃类运聚物理模拟系统可实现断裂控藏作用下烃类运聚成藏的模拟试验，现场测试和试验结果表明研制的构造变形下烃类运聚模拟实验装置达到了设计要求，满足地质模拟的需要。
The tectonics and hydrocarbon migration simulating experiment, which is an important research method, plays an important role in researching the geographic structure progress and forming mechanism and relationship between hydrocarbon migrations. While how to consider various factors in inversion the control role of fault structures for the hydrocarbon accumulation using experiment method has important theoretical and practical significance for long-term oil and gas exploration, in particular, to find fault block oil and gas reservoirs. On the basis of current experimental apparatus at home and abroad advantages, this thesis does research on the key technology of hydrocarbon migration simulation system under tectonic deformation in view of simulation system’s problems. And this paper developed integrated the hydrocarbon migration under tectonics deformation test platform, which takes into account the tectonics deformation and hydrocarbon migration experiment for the first time.
The thesis established simulated scheme and analogy mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation under tectonics deformation on analysis and research of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation under tectonics deformation experiments according to similarity theorem. In order to assure the main similar criteria in different simulating experiments, the paper numerically analyses master/slave similar criteria by defining evaluating objective function of physical simulation experiments, which use the similar parameters as the variable of the objective function in experimental system. And then we calculated experiment key parameters according to principal similar conditions, which build the foundation of experimental apparatus key components selection and design.
According to geomechanics theory and the study theme tectonics simulation experimental target, the thesis analysis genetic model and mechanical mechanisms of typical faults, proposed technical requirements of the stress load cell and identified the structural concept design of deformation module stress load cell from the perspective of the formation of fault system. Then we formed the global concept design of apparatus and identified mechanical structure key components selection and parameters, developed serial experimental apparatus integrating of hydrocarbons migration and accumulation under tectonic deformation including infuse system, control system, model system, the tectonics deformation systems and accessory system and other key modules using complex system theory and the modular design. At last, this paper conducted appropriate vivificated experiments research and testing work, and finally completed the experimental apparatus development work integrated of hydrocarbons migration and accumulation under tectonic deformation.
In order to precede tectonics deformation experiment, we should have the appropriate materials firstly. So the thesis collects and collates rock information of Dongying sag Shasan section, conducts a number of mechanical parameters of rock test and analysis deformation characteristics of the test, and makes clear the rock structure and deformation characters; The paper established the composition of strata and rock deformation similarity calculate model and derived similarity criteria to the mechanical parameters; And this paper constructed mudstone and sandstone analog materials sequence of Shasan section, which can be changed its physical properties by changing the content of main materials and auxiliary materials, water content and compaction, and build geological model in line with the experimental conditions;
In order to obtain hydrocarbon migration pathways information in the three-dimensional geological model, the thesis alternated the basic two-dimensional electric field equation to the Fourier transform domain, according to two-dimensional mathematical model of the electric field. The thesis designed hydrocarbon detection scheme based on high-density resistivity chromatography, established simple laboratory model experiments, and conducted a number of experiments. In this paper, we formed the detection method, mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration processes under tectonic deformation within the fault zone, established a physical simulation, mathematical model of data processing, and formatted experimental equipment control, measurement, process integration software with independent intellectual property property. The paper can achieve non-contact real-time hydrocarbon migration paths detection within the model, and can generate detection cloud map of the oil-water interface. On the basis of least squares, the paper retrieved the data obtained by forward calculating and displayed the difference of various materials resistivity in the form of visual images which provided an important technical basis and experimental reference data for evaluation of the test results.
The hydrocarbon migration simulation under tectonics deformation experimental apparatus developed by this paper has been installed in Institute of Geological Sciences in the Shengli Oilfield, in September 2010. The tectonics deformation system can achieve different combinations of simulated fault style test, combination of modules is adjustable and flexible, the power and load units are stable and operation has high precision, hydrocarbon migration physical simulation system can conduct hydrocarbon migration and accumulation simulation test under control of faults. The tested results show that the deformation developed under the hydrocarbon migration simulation equipment meets the design requirements and the needs of geologic simulation.
引文
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