惠民凹陷沙四段—孔店组构造及演化研究
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摘要
惠民凹陷沙四段-孔店组正逐步成为勘探的重点层系。以构造地质学、新板块构造学、高分辨率层序地层学等理论和方法为指导,采用地震地质相结合,钻井与层序分析相结合,区域构造背景与局部断裂细化研究相结合,开展了沙四段-孔店组构造及演化研究。
以地震剖面为依据,结合钻井层序,综合分析确定惠民凹陷沙四段-孔店组层序地层框架;在比较断层活动研究方法的基础上,结合惠民凹陷的地震地质特征,用断层落差法和断层生长速率法对凹陷的主要断裂进行了研究;同时结合区域构造背景资料,运用地层回剥技术绘制了463、483、523、542四条基干剖面的构造平衡演化剖面,在分析剖面构造演化的基础上,总结出惠民凹陷构造演化特征。
通过研究得出以下结论:(1)将惠民凹陷深层划分为两个层序:孔店组层序(T7-TR)和沙四段层序(T6-T7),统一并明确了T6、T7、T8、TR地震反射层的地质含义。(2)断层落差法和断层活动速率法是确定惠民凹陷断层活动强度大小的比较简单实用的方法。(3)惠民凹陷主控断层以北东向和北东东向为主,孔店组-沙二段是惠民凹陷断层的主要活动期,控凹断层包括滋镇断层、阳信断层、齐河断层,沉降峰值出现在孔店组沉积期,其活动性是由强到弱;而控洼断层主要在沙四、沙三段沉降最为强烈,除夏口断层呈强—弱—强—弱的活动趋势外,都呈现弱—强—弱的活动趋势。(4)从古生界以来,整个惠民地区的构造演化可以归纳为以下四个阶段:古生界升降阶段、中生界裂陷阶段、古近系断陷阶段和新近系坳陷阶段。孔店早期,继承发育了控洼断层的雏形,中后期在拉伸应力场作用下,惠民凹陷整体向北东方向伸展,全区发生右旋走滑,逆断层发生负反转;沙四段沉积期,全区北部发生右旋掀斜作用,北断南超,沉积中心位于北东向同生断层的下降盘,且向北迁移。
The fourth member of the Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation become the key strata of oil and gas exploration in Huimin depression. Guided by many theories and technologies, such as structuralgeology, new plate tectonics, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, comprehensive research is applied to the structure and structural evolution of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation combining drilling with sequence analysis, regional background of structures with analysis of faults.
The stratigraphic frame of the deep strata is confirmed by comprehensive analyses, which are based on seismic profiles and are combined with the stratigraphic sequence of wells. Comparing with different methods which are used to study the activities of faults, the main faults of Huimin depression are analyzed by fault throw method and fault growing rate method. Some typical profiles such as 463, 483, 523 and 542 seismic profiles are back stripped to compile balanced sections. The characteristic of structural evolution of Huimin depression are concluded combining with the analysis of the structural evolution of four balanced sections.
The following conclusions can be summarized: (1) The deep strata is divided into two groups: Kongdian Formation (T7-TR) and he fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (T6-T7). The geological meanings of T6, T7, T8 and TR are unified. (2) Fault throw method and fault growing rate method are suitable for the study of the activities of the faults in Huimin depression. (3) The NE and NEE trending are the primary directions of the main faults, excepting for Linbei fault which is NWW trending. The main active periods of faults are from Ek to Es2. The activity of Zizhen fault, Yangxin fault and Qihe fault are from strong to weak. Xiakou fault have an active peak value in Ek and Es2-Es3, while the other faults are most active in Es4 and Es2-Es3. (4) The structural evolution in Huimin Depression can be divided into the following four phases: the uplifting and setting phase in Paleozoic, the rifting phase in Mesozoic, the faulting phase in Paleogene and the depressing phase in Neogene. The rudiment of sag controlled faults are succeed to develope in the early period of Ek. Then, with the great effect of the extensional stress field in the following periods of Ek, the whole Huimin depression extended in the NE direction, and slipped dextrally, while the reversal faults tuned into normal. The strata of north region tilt dextrally in the Es4 period. The sedimentary center was located at the downthrown of growth faults, and moving to the north gradually.
以地震剖面为依据,结合钻井层序,综合分析确定惠民凹陷沙四段-孔店组层序地层框架;在比较断层活动研究方法的基础上,结合惠民凹陷的地震地质特征,用断层落差法和断层生长速率法对凹陷的主要断裂进行了研究;同时结合区域构造背景资料,运用地层回剥技术绘制了463、483、523、542四条基干剖面的构造平衡演化剖面,在分析剖面构造演化的基础上,总结出惠民凹陷构造演化特征。
通过研究得出以下结论:(1)将惠民凹陷深层划分为两个层序:孔店组层序(T7-TR)和沙四段层序(T6-T7),统一并明确了T6、T7、T8、TR地震反射层的地质含义。(2)断层落差法和断层活动速率法是确定惠民凹陷断层活动强度大小的比较简单实用的方法。(3)惠民凹陷主控断层以北东向和北东东向为主,孔店组-沙二段是惠民凹陷断层的主要活动期,控凹断层包括滋镇断层、阳信断层、齐河断层,沉降峰值出现在孔店组沉积期,其活动性是由强到弱;而控洼断层主要在沙四、沙三段沉降最为强烈,除夏口断层呈强—弱—强—弱的活动趋势外,都呈现弱—强—弱的活动趋势。(4)从古生界以来,整个惠民地区的构造演化可以归纳为以下四个阶段:古生界升降阶段、中生界裂陷阶段、古近系断陷阶段和新近系坳陷阶段。孔店早期,继承发育了控洼断层的雏形,中后期在拉伸应力场作用下,惠民凹陷整体向北东方向伸展,全区发生右旋走滑,逆断层发生负反转;沙四段沉积期,全区北部发生右旋掀斜作用,北断南超,沉积中心位于北东向同生断层的下降盘,且向北迁移。
The fourth member of the Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation become the key strata of oil and gas exploration in Huimin depression. Guided by many theories and technologies, such as structuralgeology, new plate tectonics, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, comprehensive research is applied to the structure and structural evolution of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation combining drilling with sequence analysis, regional background of structures with analysis of faults.
The stratigraphic frame of the deep strata is confirmed by comprehensive analyses, which are based on seismic profiles and are combined with the stratigraphic sequence of wells. Comparing with different methods which are used to study the activities of faults, the main faults of Huimin depression are analyzed by fault throw method and fault growing rate method. Some typical profiles such as 463, 483, 523 and 542 seismic profiles are back stripped to compile balanced sections. The characteristic of structural evolution of Huimin depression are concluded combining with the analysis of the structural evolution of four balanced sections.
The following conclusions can be summarized: (1) The deep strata is divided into two groups: Kongdian Formation (T7-TR) and he fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (T6-T7). The geological meanings of T6, T7, T8 and TR are unified. (2) Fault throw method and fault growing rate method are suitable for the study of the activities of the faults in Huimin depression. (3) The NE and NEE trending are the primary directions of the main faults, excepting for Linbei fault which is NWW trending. The main active periods of faults are from Ek to Es2. The activity of Zizhen fault, Yangxin fault and Qihe fault are from strong to weak. Xiakou fault have an active peak value in Ek and Es2-Es3, while the other faults are most active in Es4 and Es2-Es3. (4) The structural evolution in Huimin Depression can be divided into the following four phases: the uplifting and setting phase in Paleozoic, the rifting phase in Mesozoic, the faulting phase in Paleogene and the depressing phase in Neogene. The rudiment of sag controlled faults are succeed to develope in the early period of Ek. Then, with the great effect of the extensional stress field in the following periods of Ek, the whole Huimin depression extended in the NE direction, and slipped dextrally, while the reversal faults tuned into normal. The strata of north region tilt dextrally in the Es4 period. The sedimentary center was located at the downthrown of growth faults, and moving to the north gradually.
引文
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[2]侯贵廷,蔡东升.渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(6):845-851
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[4]陈洁,张学才.渤海湾盆地构造圈闭类型与勘探方向——以济阳坳陷为例[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):872-878
[5]王颖,赵锡奎,高博禹.济阳坳陷构造演化特征[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,29(2):181-187
[6]韩天佑,石硕.惠民凹陷临南地区新生代构造演化特征研究[J].东华理工学院学报,2004,27(4):309-314
[7]吴兴宁,周建勋.渤海湾盆地构造成因观点剖析[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):98-107
[8]何斌.渤海湾复式盆地动力学探讨[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(1):27-31
[9]陆先亮.渤海湾盆地新生代断裂活动及其对含油气系统和油气分布的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2003:18(4):692-699
[10]孙冬胜,刘池阳,杨明慧,等.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷中区新生代复合构造伸展构造[J].地质评论,2004,5O(5):484～491
[11] Liang Zhao and Tianyu Zheng. Seismic structure of the Bohai Bay Basin, northern China: Implications for basin evolution [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 231, Issues 1-2, 28 February 2005, Pages 9-22
[12]周建生等.渤海湾盆地新生代构造变形机制:物理模拟和讨论[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(6):507-519
[13]宋鹰,李亚哲,陆金波.渤海湾中、新生代盆地构造活动对沉积作用的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):473-476
[14]纪友亮,胡光明等.渤海湾地区中生代地层剥蚀量及中、新生代构造演化研究[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):351-358
[15]张克鑫,漆家福,马宝军,杨桥.济阳坳陷桩海地区构造演化特征研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,20(3):40-43
[16]宗国洪,施央申,王秉海,王捷.济阳盆地中生代构造特征与油气[J].地质评论,1998,44(3):289-294
[17]宗国洪,施央申.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):275-282
[18]郑德顺,吴智平,李伟,周瑶琪.济阳坳陷中、新生代盆地转型期断裂特征及其对盆地的控制作用.地质学报,2005,79(3):386～394
[19]杨超,陈清华.济阳坳陷构造演化及其构造层的划分[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(2):9-12,22
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