伟晶岩多孔微晶玻璃的研制及性能研究
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摘要
我国辽宁地区的非金属矿资源非常丰富,如石英矿、石英砂、高岭土、石灰岩、白云岩、硅灰石、伟晶岩等,有些矿产已得到高效利用,但对于以前只作为石材的本溪矿产——伟晶岩来说,高效率的利用是亟待解决的问题。本文以伟晶岩为原料,研制SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-ZnO-R_2O多孔微晶玻璃,并将多孔微晶玻璃应用于建筑保温领域属于新的尝试。
在用伟晶岩制多孔微晶玻璃的过程中,首先对伟晶岩通过X光射线荧光光谱技术进行化学成分定性、定量分析,确定其主要成分为SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、R_2O、CaO和MgO等,从定量分析结果可见,伟晶岩中SiO_2和Al_2O_3的总含量占总成分的90%以上,是生产微晶玻璃的可选材料。采用添加造孔剂法和二次烧结制多孔微晶玻璃,这是对伟晶岩利用的一个创新研究。实验过程中通过TGA/SDTA测试手段对伟晶岩玻璃、造孔剂硬脂酸和粘结剂聚乙烯醇进行分析,确定烧结多孔微晶玻璃的热处理制度。
在研究新型微晶玻璃材料时,一个很重要的问题就是控制玻璃的析晶,以期得到所需要的晶相,从而制得符合一定物理、化学及力学性能要求的材料。本文以一组伟晶岩玻璃为研究对象介绍了玻璃析晶动力学方程以及晶化指数的求法,并利用修正的JMA公式计算了5种玻璃样品的晶化活化能E和频率因子γ,求出了样品的析晶动力学参数k(Tp),并利用Augis-Bennett方程计算微晶玻璃的晶化指数n。实验结果表明:五种样品中SiO_2与Al_2O_3的比例为61:6的样品k值最大,且随着温度的升高,该样品的k值增加速率大于其它样品,表明研制的5种微晶玻璃样品中此样品最易析晶;多孔微晶玻璃样品均为体积晶化;其主晶相副硅灰石是具有单斜链状结构的ZM型硅灰石,通称副硅灰石(α'-CaSiO_3),呈长针状或短柱状。
SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO是SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO系统多孔微晶玻璃的三大主要成分,成分含量的变化直接影响着多孔微晶玻璃的性能,本文从CaO/SiO_2比和Al_2O_3/SiO_2比的角度出发,研究这两组比例对多孔微晶玻璃性能的影响,结果表明:1、随着CaO/SiO_2比例的增加副硅灰石的长径比逐渐减小了,主晶相没有发生改变;多孔微晶玻璃的抗压强度和抗折强度均是随着CaO/SiO_2比例的增加,先是增加到一定值后又呈下降趋势;1#～5#多孔微晶玻璃耐酸性的最大抗折损失率达到了0.30,耐碱性能的最大抗折损失率0.32。2、随着Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值的增加,析出晶体的数量有所减少,主晶相没有发生变化;多孔微晶玻璃的抗压强度和抗折强度均是随着Al_2O_3/SiO_2比例的增加,呈下降趋势:6#～10#多孔微晶玻璃耐酸性的最大抗折损失率达到了0.29,耐碱性能的最大抗折损失率0.30。
为了研究多孔微晶玻璃的保温性能,根据伟晶岩多孔微晶玻璃的内部组成以及孔隙率情况,作者提出了三种热传导的理想等效物理模型,推导出了数学公式,验证了多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数。结果显示,实验测得的多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数值与理论导热系数之间具有较好的一致性。随着孔隙率的增加,多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数呈减小的趋势。根据保温材料的定义,D#和E#多孔微晶玻璃样品的导热系数值达到了定义的要求。目前对多孔微晶玻璃导热性能的研究比较少见。
Liaoning Province is very rich in non-metallic mineral resources, such as quartz ore, quartz sand, kaolin, limestone, dolomite, wollastonite, pegmatite, and some mineral resources have been used efficiently, but the efficient use of pegmatite (a mineral resource from Benxi, Liaoning Province) which was only used as mineral stone was an urgent need to resolve. In this paper, SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-ZnO-R_2O porous glass-ceramics was prepared from pegmatite, and the porous glass-ceramics was attempted to be used in the field of building insulation.
The chemical constitutions of Pegmatite was determinded with XRF. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the main components of Pegmatite were SiO_2, Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3, R_2O, CaO and MgO. Through the theoretical analysis, the total content of SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 can reach more than 90% of the total ingredient of Pegmatite, thus Pegmatite was suitable to prepare SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO family porous glass-ceramics. Sintered process and addition of pore-forming agent were adopted to prepare porous glass-ceramics. In order to determine the heat treating regime for preparing porous glass-ceramics, the thermal-properties of Pegmatite, pore-forming agent-stearic acid and the binder-polyvinyl alcohol were analyzed through the TGA/SDTA method.
The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous glass-ceramics are dependent on the crystalline phase, so it is a very important task to control the crystallization of glass. The glass crystallization dynamic equation as well as the crystallization index were introduced in the paper, and the crystallization active energy E and the frequency factorγfor 5 glass samples were calculated according to the modified JMA equation, the crystallization kinetic parameter k(Tp) of samples were obtained. Finally, the crystallization index n for all samples was got via Augis-Bennett equation. The results indicated that k of the sample, whose ratio of SiO_2 to Al_2O_3 is 61:6, was the largest one in 5 samples, and it increased faster than the others with the temperature increasing. It can be concluded that the crystallization of this sample happened easily in all samples. The crystallization form of porous glass-ceramics belong to volume crystallization; the parawollastonite which was the main phase was monocline chain structure ZM type wollastonite, with long needle crystal or short rodlike crytal.
SiO_22、Al_2O_3 and CaO are the main ingredients of SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO family porous glass-ceramics. The varied contents of SiO_2、Al_2O_3 and CaO can affect the properties of Porous glass-ceramics. The relationship between the properties of porous glass-ceramics with the ratios of CaO to SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 to SiO_2 were discussed in this article. The results indicated: the main crystal phase maintained with the increasing of CaO/SiO_2, while the length-diameter ratio of parawollastonite decreased gradually; the compressive strength and the flexural strength of porous glass-ceramics increased to maximum and then decreased with the increasing of CaO/SiO_2; the maximum flexural strength loss rates of l#-5# samples under acid and alkali condition were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. The main crystal phase maintained with the increasing of Al_2O_3/SiO_2, while the amount of crystals decreased; the compressive strength and the flexural strength of porous glass-ceramics decreased with the increasing of Al_2O_3/SiO_2; and the maximum flexural strength loss rates of 6#-10# samples under acid condition and alkali condition were 0.29 and 0.30, respectively.
The heat preservation performance of porous glass-ceramics was investigated as well. Considering the internal composition and the porosity of porous glass-ceramics based on pegmatite, three heat conduction ideal equivalent physical models were proposed by the author, and a mathematical formula was deduced to testify the thermal conductivity of porous glass-ceramics. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of porous glass-ceramics obtained from experiments coincided well with the theory value. Along with the porosity increase, the porous glass-ceramics thermal conductivity inclined to decrease. According to the thermal insulation material definition, D# and E# sample's thermal conductivity had met the definition requirements. At present, research on heat conduction performance of porous glass-ceramics is relatively rare.
在用伟晶岩制多孔微晶玻璃的过程中,首先对伟晶岩通过X光射线荧光光谱技术进行化学成分定性、定量分析,确定其主要成分为SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、R_2O、CaO和MgO等,从定量分析结果可见,伟晶岩中SiO_2和Al_2O_3的总含量占总成分的90%以上,是生产微晶玻璃的可选材料。采用添加造孔剂法和二次烧结制多孔微晶玻璃,这是对伟晶岩利用的一个创新研究。实验过程中通过TGA/SDTA测试手段对伟晶岩玻璃、造孔剂硬脂酸和粘结剂聚乙烯醇进行分析,确定烧结多孔微晶玻璃的热处理制度。
在研究新型微晶玻璃材料时,一个很重要的问题就是控制玻璃的析晶,以期得到所需要的晶相,从而制得符合一定物理、化学及力学性能要求的材料。本文以一组伟晶岩玻璃为研究对象介绍了玻璃析晶动力学方程以及晶化指数的求法,并利用修正的JMA公式计算了5种玻璃样品的晶化活化能E和频率因子γ,求出了样品的析晶动力学参数k(Tp),并利用Augis-Bennett方程计算微晶玻璃的晶化指数n。实验结果表明:五种样品中SiO_2与Al_2O_3的比例为61:6的样品k值最大,且随着温度的升高,该样品的k值增加速率大于其它样品,表明研制的5种微晶玻璃样品中此样品最易析晶;多孔微晶玻璃样品均为体积晶化;其主晶相副硅灰石是具有单斜链状结构的ZM型硅灰石,通称副硅灰石(α'-CaSiO_3),呈长针状或短柱状。
SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO是SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO系统多孔微晶玻璃的三大主要成分,成分含量的变化直接影响着多孔微晶玻璃的性能,本文从CaO/SiO_2比和Al_2O_3/SiO_2比的角度出发,研究这两组比例对多孔微晶玻璃性能的影响,结果表明:1、随着CaO/SiO_2比例的增加副硅灰石的长径比逐渐减小了,主晶相没有发生改变;多孔微晶玻璃的抗压强度和抗折强度均是随着CaO/SiO_2比例的增加,先是增加到一定值后又呈下降趋势;1#～5#多孔微晶玻璃耐酸性的最大抗折损失率达到了0.30,耐碱性能的最大抗折损失率0.32。2、随着Al_2O_3/SiO_2比值的增加,析出晶体的数量有所减少,主晶相没有发生变化;多孔微晶玻璃的抗压强度和抗折强度均是随着Al_2O_3/SiO_2比例的增加,呈下降趋势:6#～10#多孔微晶玻璃耐酸性的最大抗折损失率达到了0.29,耐碱性能的最大抗折损失率0.30。
为了研究多孔微晶玻璃的保温性能,根据伟晶岩多孔微晶玻璃的内部组成以及孔隙率情况,作者提出了三种热传导的理想等效物理模型,推导出了数学公式,验证了多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数。结果显示,实验测得的多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数值与理论导热系数之间具有较好的一致性。随着孔隙率的增加,多孔微晶玻璃的导热系数呈减小的趋势。根据保温材料的定义,D#和E#多孔微晶玻璃样品的导热系数值达到了定义的要求。目前对多孔微晶玻璃导热性能的研究比较少见。
Liaoning Province is very rich in non-metallic mineral resources, such as quartz ore, quartz sand, kaolin, limestone, dolomite, wollastonite, pegmatite, and some mineral resources have been used efficiently, but the efficient use of pegmatite (a mineral resource from Benxi, Liaoning Province) which was only used as mineral stone was an urgent need to resolve. In this paper, SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-ZnO-R_2O porous glass-ceramics was prepared from pegmatite, and the porous glass-ceramics was attempted to be used in the field of building insulation.
The chemical constitutions of Pegmatite was determinded with XRF. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated that the main components of Pegmatite were SiO_2, Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3, R_2O, CaO and MgO. Through the theoretical analysis, the total content of SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 can reach more than 90% of the total ingredient of Pegmatite, thus Pegmatite was suitable to prepare SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO family porous glass-ceramics. Sintered process and addition of pore-forming agent were adopted to prepare porous glass-ceramics. In order to determine the heat treating regime for preparing porous glass-ceramics, the thermal-properties of Pegmatite, pore-forming agent-stearic acid and the binder-polyvinyl alcohol were analyzed through the TGA/SDTA method.
The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous glass-ceramics are dependent on the crystalline phase, so it is a very important task to control the crystallization of glass. The glass crystallization dynamic equation as well as the crystallization index were introduced in the paper, and the crystallization active energy E and the frequency factorγfor 5 glass samples were calculated according to the modified JMA equation, the crystallization kinetic parameter k(Tp) of samples were obtained. Finally, the crystallization index n for all samples was got via Augis-Bennett equation. The results indicated that k of the sample, whose ratio of SiO_2 to Al_2O_3 is 61:6, was the largest one in 5 samples, and it increased faster than the others with the temperature increasing. It can be concluded that the crystallization of this sample happened easily in all samples. The crystallization form of porous glass-ceramics belong to volume crystallization; the parawollastonite which was the main phase was monocline chain structure ZM type wollastonite, with long needle crystal or short rodlike crytal.
SiO_22、Al_2O_3 and CaO are the main ingredients of SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO family porous glass-ceramics. The varied contents of SiO_2、Al_2O_3 and CaO can affect the properties of Porous glass-ceramics. The relationship between the properties of porous glass-ceramics with the ratios of CaO to SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 to SiO_2 were discussed in this article. The results indicated: the main crystal phase maintained with the increasing of CaO/SiO_2, while the length-diameter ratio of parawollastonite decreased gradually; the compressive strength and the flexural strength of porous glass-ceramics increased to maximum and then decreased with the increasing of CaO/SiO_2; the maximum flexural strength loss rates of l#-5# samples under acid and alkali condition were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. The main crystal phase maintained with the increasing of Al_2O_3/SiO_2, while the amount of crystals decreased; the compressive strength and the flexural strength of porous glass-ceramics decreased with the increasing of Al_2O_3/SiO_2; and the maximum flexural strength loss rates of 6#-10# samples under acid condition and alkali condition were 0.29 and 0.30, respectively.
The heat preservation performance of porous glass-ceramics was investigated as well. Considering the internal composition and the porosity of porous glass-ceramics based on pegmatite, three heat conduction ideal equivalent physical models were proposed by the author, and a mathematical formula was deduced to testify the thermal conductivity of porous glass-ceramics. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of porous glass-ceramics obtained from experiments coincided well with the theory value. Along with the porosity increase, the porous glass-ceramics thermal conductivity inclined to decrease. According to the thermal insulation material definition, D# and E# sample's thermal conductivity had met the definition requirements. At present, research on heat conduction performance of porous glass-ceramics is relatively rare.
引文
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