赤泥—粉煤灰加气混凝土新型自保温墙体材料的试验研究
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摘要
赤泥是氧化铝冶炼工业生产过程中排出的大量固体废渣,随着氧化铝生产规模的日益扩大,赤泥的堆放量也是逐年增加,这不仅占用大量良田,还严重破坏了生态环境,对资源也是一种浪费。新型建筑材料的产生与发展,对大量堆存的工业废渣的有效回收实现了环境效益和经济效益的双赢。本文以拜耳法赤泥、低等级粉煤灰、干排法电石渣、激发剂等为原料制备加气混凝土,开发研究新型墙体材料。
试验首先研究了赤泥加气混凝土立方体抗压强度和干密度与各胶凝材料掺量和料水比的线性相关性。研究结果表明:通过回归分析得出,立方体抗压强度和干密度与各胶凝材料掺量和料水比存在十分显著的线性关系,并且加气混凝土中的气孔特点和水的分布形式使得料水比成为影响立方体抗压强度的主要因素,而赤泥中的碱含量对浆体的碱度影响,以及对铝粉发气的影响使得赤泥掺量成为影响干密度的主要因素。在此基础上,考虑赤泥的放射性影响,加气混凝土中降低赤泥掺量的同时,加入强碱性工业废料电石渣,有效地激发加气混凝土中粉煤灰的火山灰效应,并研究各因素水平对加气混凝土制品性能的影响程度。研究结果表明:当赤泥掺量控制在20%以下时,加气混凝土放射性检测,内照射指数为0.76,外照射指数为1.13,达到GB6566-2001《建筑材料放射性核素限量》要求。最后通过对制备的赤泥加气混凝土立方体采取不同的养护工艺进行比较分析,发现不同的养护工艺直接影响着制品的饱水抗压强度、后期强度和干密度。
通过对赤泥加气混凝土热工性能试验研究表明,赤泥加气混凝土导热系数为0.24W/m·K,热阻值为1.00m2·K/W,密度为864kg/m3,与其他几种常用保温隔热砌体材料相比,导热系数最低,密度最小,说明采用较小厚度的赤泥加气混凝土砌体即可获得较大的热阻值,则赤泥加气混凝土具有良好的保温性能。
最后通过对样品SEM扫描电镜分析显示,赤泥加气混凝土水化反应生成的主要矿物是针棒状的钙矾石,也是赤泥加气混凝土强度的主要贡献者,同时还有纤维状、网状C-S-H胶凝水化产物。
Red mud is the largest solid waste generated during aluminum production from bauxite. With the increasing of alumina output, the amounts of Red mud keep growing; it takes the massive lands in the stack process, but also has caused the serious pollution to the natural environment, and the waste to the natural resource. The appearance and development of new building material is good news to thousands of various industrial wastes residue of which effective recycling can realize a win-win of environmental and economic benefits. This paper select the Bayer process red mud , low grade fly-ash, dry process calcium carbide sludge, activation and so on for main raw material to produce Aerated Concrete, which was developed and studied as new wall material.
At the first, the experiment studied the linear dependence between compressive strength, dry density of red mud aerated concrete cube and a variety of gelled material, the ratio of nutriment. The results shown that, by means of regression analysis, it existing significantly linear correlation between compressive strength, dry density of red mud aerated concrete cube and a variety of gelled material, the ratio of nutriment. The main factor of influencing compressive strength concrete cube was the ratio of nutriment, because of the characteristics of stomata and the distributions of water in aerated concrete. The main factor of influencing dry density concrete cube was the admixture of red mud, because the alkali content of red mud influenced basicity in slurry, and the producing gas of aluminum. on this basis, according to the influence of radium activity on red mud, aerated concrete decreased the content it, meanwhile, mixed the calcium carbide sludge that was industrial waste residue of strongly alkaline, which effectively aroused aerated concrete in pozzolanic effect of fly-ash. It studied the factors of all kinds of level influence on the aerated concrete performance of products. The results shown that when content of red mud has below 20 percent the ratio active inspection of aerated concrete could achieve the standard GB6566-2001“Building Material Radionuclide Limits”, which the inside illuminate index was 0.76, and the outside illuminate index was 0.76. Finally, analyzed and coMPared with various kinds of curing technique on red mud aerated concrete cube shown different maintenance technique directly effected the saturated compressive strength, later development and dry density on performance of products.
Through testing aerated concrete thermal performance, the result of experimentation shown that, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of red mud aerated concrete, thermal resistance and dry density was 0.24W/m·K, 1.00m2·K/W, and 864kg/m3, so using thin red mud aerated concrete could obtain bigger thermal resistance, it just proved that red mud aerated concrete had favorable performance of thermal insulation.
At the last, through the samples of SEM analysis shown that hydration products of red mud aerated concrete caused main mineral that was Ettringite of needle bar, which contributes mostly to the strength of the aerated concrete. At the same time, there were gelatinous hydration products with the form of fibrous, netty CSH.
试验首先研究了赤泥加气混凝土立方体抗压强度和干密度与各胶凝材料掺量和料水比的线性相关性。研究结果表明:通过回归分析得出,立方体抗压强度和干密度与各胶凝材料掺量和料水比存在十分显著的线性关系,并且加气混凝土中的气孔特点和水的分布形式使得料水比成为影响立方体抗压强度的主要因素,而赤泥中的碱含量对浆体的碱度影响,以及对铝粉发气的影响使得赤泥掺量成为影响干密度的主要因素。在此基础上,考虑赤泥的放射性影响,加气混凝土中降低赤泥掺量的同时,加入强碱性工业废料电石渣,有效地激发加气混凝土中粉煤灰的火山灰效应,并研究各因素水平对加气混凝土制品性能的影响程度。研究结果表明:当赤泥掺量控制在20%以下时,加气混凝土放射性检测,内照射指数为0.76,外照射指数为1.13,达到GB6566-2001《建筑材料放射性核素限量》要求。最后通过对制备的赤泥加气混凝土立方体采取不同的养护工艺进行比较分析,发现不同的养护工艺直接影响着制品的饱水抗压强度、后期强度和干密度。
通过对赤泥加气混凝土热工性能试验研究表明,赤泥加气混凝土导热系数为0.24W/m·K,热阻值为1.00m2·K/W,密度为864kg/m3,与其他几种常用保温隔热砌体材料相比,导热系数最低,密度最小,说明采用较小厚度的赤泥加气混凝土砌体即可获得较大的热阻值,则赤泥加气混凝土具有良好的保温性能。
最后通过对样品SEM扫描电镜分析显示,赤泥加气混凝土水化反应生成的主要矿物是针棒状的钙矾石,也是赤泥加气混凝土强度的主要贡献者,同时还有纤维状、网状C-S-H胶凝水化产物。
Red mud is the largest solid waste generated during aluminum production from bauxite. With the increasing of alumina output, the amounts of Red mud keep growing; it takes the massive lands in the stack process, but also has caused the serious pollution to the natural environment, and the waste to the natural resource. The appearance and development of new building material is good news to thousands of various industrial wastes residue of which effective recycling can realize a win-win of environmental and economic benefits. This paper select the Bayer process red mud , low grade fly-ash, dry process calcium carbide sludge, activation and so on for main raw material to produce Aerated Concrete, which was developed and studied as new wall material.
At the first, the experiment studied the linear dependence between compressive strength, dry density of red mud aerated concrete cube and a variety of gelled material, the ratio of nutriment. The results shown that, by means of regression analysis, it existing significantly linear correlation between compressive strength, dry density of red mud aerated concrete cube and a variety of gelled material, the ratio of nutriment. The main factor of influencing compressive strength concrete cube was the ratio of nutriment, because of the characteristics of stomata and the distributions of water in aerated concrete. The main factor of influencing dry density concrete cube was the admixture of red mud, because the alkali content of red mud influenced basicity in slurry, and the producing gas of aluminum. on this basis, according to the influence of radium activity on red mud, aerated concrete decreased the content it, meanwhile, mixed the calcium carbide sludge that was industrial waste residue of strongly alkaline, which effectively aroused aerated concrete in pozzolanic effect of fly-ash. It studied the factors of all kinds of level influence on the aerated concrete performance of products. The results shown that when content of red mud has below 20 percent the ratio active inspection of aerated concrete could achieve the standard GB6566-2001“Building Material Radionuclide Limits”, which the inside illuminate index was 0.76, and the outside illuminate index was 0.76. Finally, analyzed and coMPared with various kinds of curing technique on red mud aerated concrete cube shown different maintenance technique directly effected the saturated compressive strength, later development and dry density on performance of products.
Through testing aerated concrete thermal performance, the result of experimentation shown that, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of red mud aerated concrete, thermal resistance and dry density was 0.24W/m·K, 1.00m2·K/W, and 864kg/m3, so using thin red mud aerated concrete could obtain bigger thermal resistance, it just proved that red mud aerated concrete had favorable performance of thermal insulation.
At the last, through the samples of SEM analysis shown that hydration products of red mud aerated concrete caused main mineral that was Ettringite of needle bar, which contributes mostly to the strength of the aerated concrete. At the same time, there were gelatinous hydration products with the form of fibrous, netty CSH.
引文
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[3]黄迎超,王宁.赤泥综合利用及其放射性调控技术初探.矿物岩石地球化学通报.2009(02):128～3.
[4] Mishra B,Staley A.Recovery of value added products from red mud [J].Minerals and metallurgical Processing society for mining,Metallurgy and Exploration,2002,19(2):87—89.
[5] Mishra B,Staley A,Kirkpatriek D.Recovery and utilization of iron from red mud[J].Light Metal:proceeding of Sessions,TMS Annum Meeting(Warren dale,Pennsylvania)Feb 11 Nov 15 2000:149～156.
[6]司秀芬,邓佐国,徐廷华.赤泥提钪综述[J].江西有色金属[J].2003.17 (2).
[7]赖兰萍,周李蕾.赤泥综合回收与利用现状及进展.四川有色金属.2008(01):43～06.
[8]张培新.赤泥制作瓷砖黑色颗粒料的研究[J].矿产综合利用.2000(3):41-43.
[9] Nevin Y, Vahdettin S. Utilization of bauxite waste in ceramic glazes [J] . Ceramics International,2000,(26): 485– 490.
[10]王梅,杨家宽,侯健.赤泥粉煤灰免烧免蒸砖的原料与制备[J].矿物综合利用.2005(4):30-34.
[11]徐晓虹,钟文波,吴建锋等.用工业废渣赤泥研制微晶玻璃[J].玻璃和搪瓷.2006(2):28-31.
[12]邢净,李金洪,张凯.利用赤泥制备钙铝榴石微晶玻璃的实验研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007(2):181-184.
[13] Cengeloglu Y, Kir E. Ersoz M. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using red mud [J] . Separation and Purification Technology, 2002, (28):81– 86.
[14] Ahundogan H S. Ahundogan S, Tureen F. eta1. Arsenic adsorption from aqueous solutions by activated red mud [J]. Waste Managexnent, 2002, (22):357– 363.
[15]孙道兴,王馥琴.赤泥脱除废水中重金属离子的研究[J].无机盐工业,2008(8).
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[17]文小年,王林江,谢襄漓.赤泥对水体中铅离子的吸附[J].桂林工学院学报,2005(2).
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[19]李湘洲.国外节能建筑发展的若干动向.墙体革新与建筑节能.2004.4.
[20]朱盈豹.保温材料在建筑墙体节能中的应用.[D]中国建材工业出版社.2004.
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