后回潮时代的美国女性主义第三次浪潮
|
摘要
女性主义历史学家用浪潮(wave)这一术语来描述美国女性主义思潮在历史中的特定发展阶段,突显女性主义知识转向新阶段的动态过程。虽然第三次浪潮进入人们的视野已有十六年的历史,但是学术界对究竟什么是第三次浪潮、它包括哪些流派、它是否做出了超越第二次浪潮的贡献等方面仍有很大的争议。造成这种争议的一个外在原因是美国主流媒体潜移默化的宣传。长期以来,作为男权意识形态喉舌的美国主流媒体一直以各种形式宣传反女性主义的言论,这在1980年到1992年里根和老布什总统当政时代尤为明显,女性主义学术界因此将这一保守阶段称为回潮时代。在1992年以后的后回潮时代(post-backlash era),美国的主流媒体仍然极力宣扬反对女性主义的男权思想,而且它所采取的形式更为隐蔽。许多美国民众因此普遍认为:第三次浪潮由性感、时髦的青年女性倡导,她们对第二次浪潮持敌视和否定的态度。本文认为,第三次浪潮并不仅仅是由年轻女性倡导的女性主义,它也并不与第二次浪潮存在对抗和冲突。第三次浪潮不愿与第二次浪潮相认同的一个根本原因是:受后现代主义、后结构主义和后殖民主义等思潮的影响,美国女性主义理论内部经历着一场从追求同一、关注差异到包容差异的范式上的转变。这种转变使第三次浪潮拥护多元性,解构固化身份,拒绝中心和权威。
本论文还试图论证在1992年以后的后回潮时期,美国的女性主义运动并没有像主流媒体所宣扬的那样走向终结而步入“后女性主义时代”。相反,它呈现出更为多元的理论思潮。由于认识到女性生活在压迫网络的不同节点上,这一时期的美国女性主义强调女性内部的差异,要求把“女性”的范畴具体化,并突破仅仅关注女性问题的状况而把歧视妇女的所有压迫形式包括到女性主义的纲领之中。因此女性主义致力于反对种族主义、阶级压迫、异性恋主义,帝国主义、新殖民主义、人类中心主义等各种形式的共时性压迫。青年女性主义、有色人种女性主义、后殖民女性主义、怪异理论、生态女性主义、赛博女性主义等思潮共同组成美国女性主义的第三次浪潮,呈现出多元共生和更具包容性的态势。
Feminist historians use wave to describe the different phases of feminist thoughts, stressing the dynamic development of feminist knowledge in different historical moments. Although the term third wave feminism has had a dynamic history that now spans sixteen years, American academia are still controversial about such issues as to what on earth is third wave, what strands of thoughts may be included, or whether it has surpassed the achievements of the second wave feminism. Influenced mostly by the American mainstream discourses, the general understanding of Amerian people is that third wave is mainly advocated by chic, sexy young women who resist and repudiate the second wave feminism. This consensus made by the American public is largely derived from the American mainstream media’s constructions of feminism. In fact, the influence of the discussion of feminism that takes place in the American mainstream media must not be underestimated, because it has long manipulated the distribution of information and ideas in an ideological and misogynist manner. There has been a persistent anti-feminist rhetoric in the cultural product market and this anti-feminist ideology is particularly rampant in Reagan-Bush era between 1980 and 1992. The feminist academia called this period the backlash era; therefore the American feminist historians refer to the era after 1992 as the post-backlash era. In post-backlash era the mainstream media deploy more hidden and subtle means to systematically misrepresent feminist politics, so only after exposing such misrepresentations can we dispel the myths and misconceptions that surround it. My argument is that although the anti-feminist backlash ideology expressed by the American mainstream media is an important reason that results in some third wavers’refusal to identify with the second wave, the more essential reason is that there is a paradigmatic shift within feminist theory, which moves the focus from identity and equality to debates around difference and alliance, due to the influences of postmodern, poststructualist and postcolonial thoughts. This paradigmatic shift has made the American third wave feminism more inclusive, rejecting center, authority, fixed identity and welcoming multiplicity and diversity.
My dissertation also aims to argue that post-backlash feminist movement after 1992 does not come to an end and step into a“postfeminist”era. On the contrary, it has more complex strands of thoughts. This is because third wave feminists believe that feminism should advocate a more inclusive feminist agenda that may address to all different forms of oppressions. These forms of oppressions may intersect with one another, simultaneously oppressing the particular women in specific contexts; therefore, feminists should oppose the various oppressions in localized way. The American third wave feminism strives to fight against simultaneous oppressive mechanisms such as racism, classism, heterosexism, imperialism, neocolonialism, and anthropocentricism. Different strands of feminism today such as youth feminism, women of color feminism, postcolonial feminism, queer theory, and cyberfeminism have given birth to one of the most compelling visions of our era, contributing to dealing not only with women’s inequality, but with the most pressing problems in the world.
本论文还试图论证在1992年以后的后回潮时期,美国的女性主义运动并没有像主流媒体所宣扬的那样走向终结而步入“后女性主义时代”。相反,它呈现出更为多元的理论思潮。由于认识到女性生活在压迫网络的不同节点上,这一时期的美国女性主义强调女性内部的差异,要求把“女性”的范畴具体化,并突破仅仅关注女性问题的状况而把歧视妇女的所有压迫形式包括到女性主义的纲领之中。因此女性主义致力于反对种族主义、阶级压迫、异性恋主义,帝国主义、新殖民主义、人类中心主义等各种形式的共时性压迫。青年女性主义、有色人种女性主义、后殖民女性主义、怪异理论、生态女性主义、赛博女性主义等思潮共同组成美国女性主义的第三次浪潮,呈现出多元共生和更具包容性的态势。
Feminist historians use wave to describe the different phases of feminist thoughts, stressing the dynamic development of feminist knowledge in different historical moments. Although the term third wave feminism has had a dynamic history that now spans sixteen years, American academia are still controversial about such issues as to what on earth is third wave, what strands of thoughts may be included, or whether it has surpassed the achievements of the second wave feminism. Influenced mostly by the American mainstream discourses, the general understanding of Amerian people is that third wave is mainly advocated by chic, sexy young women who resist and repudiate the second wave feminism. This consensus made by the American public is largely derived from the American mainstream media’s constructions of feminism. In fact, the influence of the discussion of feminism that takes place in the American mainstream media must not be underestimated, because it has long manipulated the distribution of information and ideas in an ideological and misogynist manner. There has been a persistent anti-feminist rhetoric in the cultural product market and this anti-feminist ideology is particularly rampant in Reagan-Bush era between 1980 and 1992. The feminist academia called this period the backlash era; therefore the American feminist historians refer to the era after 1992 as the post-backlash era. In post-backlash era the mainstream media deploy more hidden and subtle means to systematically misrepresent feminist politics, so only after exposing such misrepresentations can we dispel the myths and misconceptions that surround it. My argument is that although the anti-feminist backlash ideology expressed by the American mainstream media is an important reason that results in some third wavers’refusal to identify with the second wave, the more essential reason is that there is a paradigmatic shift within feminist theory, which moves the focus from identity and equality to debates around difference and alliance, due to the influences of postmodern, poststructualist and postcolonial thoughts. This paradigmatic shift has made the American third wave feminism more inclusive, rejecting center, authority, fixed identity and welcoming multiplicity and diversity.
My dissertation also aims to argue that post-backlash feminist movement after 1992 does not come to an end and step into a“postfeminist”era. On the contrary, it has more complex strands of thoughts. This is because third wave feminists believe that feminism should advocate a more inclusive feminist agenda that may address to all different forms of oppressions. These forms of oppressions may intersect with one another, simultaneously oppressing the particular women in specific contexts; therefore, feminists should oppose the various oppressions in localized way. The American third wave feminism strives to fight against simultaneous oppressive mechanisms such as racism, classism, heterosexism, imperialism, neocolonialism, and anthropocentricism. Different strands of feminism today such as youth feminism, women of color feminism, postcolonial feminism, queer theory, and cyberfeminism have given birth to one of the most compelling visions of our era, contributing to dealing not only with women’s inequality, but with the most pressing problems in the world.
引文
①Amanda D. Lotz,“Communicating Third-Wave Feminism and New Social Movements: Challenges for the Next Century of Feminist Endeavor”, Women and Language, Vol.26, No.1 (Spring 2003), p.4.
○1苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版,第2页。
○1转引自苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,第9页。
①朱丽叶·米切尔:《妇女:最漫长的革命》,李银河主编:《妇女:最漫长的革命—当代西方女权主义理论精选》,北京,三联书店,1997年,第31页。
○1鲍晓兰:《西方女性主义研究评介》,北京:三联书店,1995年版,第6页。
○1 Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, (London: Virago, 1977), p.24.
①Catherine Eve Harnois,“Toward an Undisciplined Study of Difference, Feminism and Identities”, Ph.D.diss., University of North Carolina, 2005, p.50.
②Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, p.3.
①Linda Alcoff and E. Potter, eds. Feminist Epistemologies, (London: Routlege, 1993), p.4.
②丽贝卡·沃克的母亲是著名的美国黑人女性主义者、女作家艾丽斯·沃克(Alice Walker)。
①刘金源:《和平与暴力:论反全球化运动斗争方式的双重性》,《南京大学学报》哲学人文科学社会科学版,2005年第6期,第37页。
①Stacy Gillis et al. eds. Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p.13.
②Leslie Heywood, ed. The Women’s Movement Today: An Encyclopedia of Third-Wave Feminism, Vol 1, (Westport, Connecticut, London: Greenwood Press, 2006), p. 103.
①Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Unbearable War Against American Women, (London: Vintage, 1992), p.xix.
①Michele Barrett and Anne Philips, Destablizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), p.215.
①Teresa L. Ebert,“The‘Difference’of Postmodern Feminism”, College English, Vol. 53 (December 1991), p.891.
①高宣扬:《后现代论》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2005年版,第2页。
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, (Boston: South End Press, 1984), p.27.
○1 Germaine Greer, The Whole Woman, (London: Anchor, 2000), pp.410-411.
○1 Rebecca Walker,“Becoming the Third Wave”, Mrs., Vol.39 (January/February 1992), pp.39-41.
○1 Ginia Bellafante,“Feminism: It’s All About Me!”, Time, June 29, 1998, p. 57.
○2 Imelda Whelehan, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to‘Post-Feminism’, (New York: New York University Press, 1995), p.235.
○3 Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, (Harmondsworth:Penguin Books, 1991), p.38.
○1 Rene Denfeld, The New Victorians: A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order, (New York: Warner Books, 1995), p.5.
○2 Deborah L. Siegel,“The Legacy of the Personal: Generating Theory in Feminism’s Third Wave”, Hypatia, Vol.12, No. 3 (Summer 1997), p.61.
○1 B. Ruby Rich,“Feminism and Sexuality in the 1980s”, Feminist Studies, vol.12, No. 3 (Autumn 1986), p.525.
○2这种“危害”指的是类似于“美国女性不幸福的原因在于她们太自由了;她们的解放否决了婚姻与母亲职责”这样的论调。
○1 Ann Brooks, Postfeminisms: Feminism, Cultural Theory and Cultural Forms, (London and New York: Routledge, 1997), p.7
○1 Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, p.3.
○1 Nancy Fraser,“The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theory for Feminist politics”, Boundary 2, Vol.17, No.2 (Summer 1990), p.85.
○1苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,第3页。
○2陈永国:《德勒兹思想要略》,《外国文学》,2004年第4期,第27页。
○1 Doreen Marie Piano,“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, Ph.D. diss., Bowling Green State University, p.1.
○2 Jessica Rosenberg and Gitana Garofalo,“Riot Grrrl: Revolution from Within”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol.23, No.3 (Spring 1998), p.811.
○1 Susan Carpenter,“When the Third Wave of Feminism Went Bust”, Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1998, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/09/news/cl-63934.
○1 Ednie Kaeh Garrison,“Feminism—Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Culture and the Technologies of the Third Wave”, Feminist Studies, No.1 (Spring 2000), p.147.
○1 Doreen Marie Piano,“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, Ph.D. diss., Bowling Green State University, p.9.
○1 Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, Manifesta: Young Women, Femnism and the Future, p.52.
○2 Kristen Schilt,“’A Little Too Ironic’: The Appropriation and Packaging of Riot Grrl Politics by Mainstream Female Musicians”, Popular Music and Society, Vol.26, No.1 (Feburary 2003), p.6.
○1关于赛博女性主义,下文第5章第5小节将专门著文探讨,这里不再赘述。
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, p.11.
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, pp.17-18.
○1 Ednie Kaeh Garrison,“The Third Wave and the Cultural Predicament of Feminist Consciousness in the U.S.”, Ph.D.diss., Washington State University, p.31.
○2 bell hooks, Ain’t I A Woman, (Boston: Southern End Press, 1981), p.7.
○1 Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment, p.7.
①[美]罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童:《女性主义思潮导论》,艾晓明等译,武汉,华中师范大学出版社,2002年,第321页。
①Jacky E. Hill,“The Stereotypes of Race”, Time, October 21, 1991, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974099,00.html
②Barbara Smith, ed. Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, (New York: Kitchen Table, A Woman of Color Press, 1983), p.49.
○1 Chandra Mohanty, ed. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, p.5.
○1罗刚、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,北京,中国社会科学出版社,1999年版,第130页。
○2陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版,第42页。
○1 Bart More-Gilbert et al. eds. Postcolonial Criticism, (London and New York: Longman, 1997), p.5.
○1陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版,第39页。
○1参见布塔丽娅,《沉默的问题:分治、妇女与国家》,陈顺馨、戴锦华选编,《妇女、民族与女性主义》中央编译出版社2004年版,第98页。
○2 [法]吉尔·德拉诺瓦:《民族与民族主义》,郑文彬等译,北京:三联书店,2005年版,第40页。
○1 [美]爱德华·赛义德:《文化与帝国主义》,李琨译,北京,三联书店,2003年版,第389页。
○2罗刚、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,第340页。
○3陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,第1页。
○1 Colleen Mack-Canty,“Third-Wave Feminisms and the Need to Reweave the Nature/Culture Duality”, NWSA Journal, Vol.16, No.3 (Fall 2004), p.155.
○1 Karen Warren, Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000), p.21.
○1 Karen Warren, Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, p.xivxv.
○1 Rebecca Clay,“Speaking Up: Women’s Voices in Environmental Decision Making”Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.111, No.1 (January 2003), p.A35.
○2鲁伊·吉布斯于1981年成立了健康、环境与正义中心(Center for Health, Environment and Justice),帮助面临其他工业污染危机的人们学会如何应对毫无同情心的政府官员以及怀有敌意的公司代表,她
○1 Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, (New York: Routledge, 1990), pp.63-64.
○1 Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, p.33.
○2 ibid, p.25.
○1 Sara Salih, Judith Butler, (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), p.47.
①Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, p.6.
②Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of“Sex”, (New York and London: Routledge, 1993), p.68.
①Stacy Gillis et al. eds., Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p.187.
②ibid, p.186.
○1 Sadie Plant, Zeroes+Ones: Digital Women and the New Technoculture, (New York: Doubleday, 1997), p.37.
○1 Stacy Gillis et al. eds., Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, p.186.
Alcoff, Linda and E. Potter (eds.) (1993), Feminist Epistemologies, London: Routledge.
Alcoff, Linda (1997),“The Politics of Postmodern Feminism, Revisited”, Cultural Critique, 36: 5-27.
Alfonso, Rita and Jo Trigilio (1997),“Surfing the Third Wave: A Dialogue between Two Third Wave Feminists”, Hypatia, 12(3): 7-16.
Aronson, Pamela (2003),“‘Feminists’or‘Postfeminits’?: Young Women’s Attitudes Toward Feminism and Gender Relations”, Gender and Society, 17(6):903-922.
Barrett, Michele and Anne Philips (1992), Destablizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Baumgardner, Jennifer and Amy Richards (eds.) (2000), Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Bean, Kellie (2007), Post-Backlash Feminism:Women and the Media Since Reagan-Bush, Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc.
Beasley, Chris (2005), Gender & Sexuality: Critical Theories, Critical Thinkers, London: SAGE Publications.
Bell, David (2001), An Introduction to Cyberculture, London and New York: Routledge. Bellafonte, Ginia (1998),“Feminism: It’s All about Me!”, Time, June 29, 1998: 54-60.
Bhabha, Homi (1994), The Location of Culture, London: Routledge. Braithwaite, Ann (2002),“The Personal, the Political, Third-Wave and Postfeminisms”, Feminist Theory, 3(3):335-344.
Bronstein, Carolyn (2005),“Representing the Third Wave: Mainstream Print Media Framing of A New Feminist Movement”, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(4):783-803.
Brooks, Ann (1997), Postfeminisms: Feminism, Cultural Theory and Cultural Forms, London and New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith (1990), Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York: Routledge.
______ (1991),“Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of‘Postmodernism’”, Praxis International, 11(2): 150-165.
______ (1993), Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of“Sex”, New York and London:Routledge.
Carpenter, Susan (1998),“When the Third Wave of Feminism Went Bust”, Los Angeles Times, August 9, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/09/news/cl-63934.
Clay, Rebecca (2003),“Speaking Up: Women’s Voices in Environmental Decision Making”, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(1):A34-A37.
Collins, Patricia Hill (2000), Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment, New York and London: Routledge.
Cortese, Janis (1998),“The Internet---Mecca of Empowerment”, April 22, http://www.3rdwwwave.com/display_article.cgi?42
Denfeld, Rene (1995), The New Victorians:A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order, New York: Warner Books.
Diaz, Angeli R. (2003),“Postcolonial Theory and the Third Wave Agenda”, Women and Language, 26(1): 10-17.
Dick, Rory and Alison Piepmeier (eds.) (2003), Catching a Wave:Reclaiming Feminism for the 21st Century, Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Driscoll, Catherine (1999),“Girl Culture, Revenge and Global Capitalism: Cybergirls, Riot Grrls, Spice Girls”, Austrian Feminist Studies, 29:173-193.
Ebert, Teresa L. (1991),“The‘Difference’of Postmodern Feminism”, College English, 53(8): 886-904.
Evans, Sara (2003), Tidal Wave: How Women Changed America at Century’s End, New York: The Free Press.
Faludi, Susan (1992), Backlash: The Unbearable War Against American Women, London: Vintage.
Findlen, Barabra (ed.) (1995), Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation, Seattle: Seal Press.
Fraiman, Susan (1999),“Feminism Today: Mothers, Daughters, Emerging Sisters”, American Literary History, 11(3): 525-544.
Fraser, Nancy and Linda Nicholson (1989),“Social Criticism Without Philosophy: An Encounter Between Feminism and Postmodernism”, Social Text, 21: 83-104.
Fraser, Nancy (1990),“The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theory for Feminist Politics”, Boundary 2, 17(2): 82-101.
Friedlin, Jennifer (2002),“Second and Third Wave Feminist Clash over the Future”, May 26, http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/920/context/cover.
Gamble, Sarah (ed.) (2001), The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism, London and New York: Routledge.
Garrison, Ednie Kaeh (2000),“The Third Wave and the Cultural Predicament of Feminist Consciousness in the U.S.”, PhD Dissertation, Washington State University.
_______ (2000),“U.S. Feminism—Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Culture and the Technologics of the Third Wave”, Feminist Studies, 1:141-170.
Gill, Rosalind (2007),“Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility”, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2): 147-166.
Gillis, Stacy et al. (eds.) (2004), Third Wave Feminism: a Critical Exploration, NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gonick, Marnina (2006),“Between‘Girl Power’and‘Reviving Ophelia’: Constituting the Neoliberal Girl Subject”, NWSA Journal, 2: 1-23.
Greer, Germaine (2000), The Whole Woman, London: Anchor.
Hall, Elaine J. and Marine Salupo Rodriguez (2003),“The Myth of Postfeminism”, Gender and Society, 17(6): 878-902.
Haraway, Donna (2000),“A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Solialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century”in Kolmar, Wendy K. and Frances Bartkowski (eds.), Feminist Theory: A Reader, London: Mayfield Publishing Company, 362-372.
Harnois, Catherine E. (2005),“Toward an Undisciplined Study of Difference, Feminism and Identities”, PhD Dissertation, University of North Carolina.
Hawthorne, Susan and Renate Klein (eds.) (1999), Cyberfeminism: Connectivity, Critique and Creativity, North Melborne: Spinifex Press.
Henry, Astrid (2000),“Matrophobia and Generations of feminism”, PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.
_______ (2004), Not My Mother’s Sister: Generational Conflict and Third-Wave Feminism, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Hernandez, Daisy and Bushra Rehman (eds.) (2002), Colonize This!: Young Women of Color on Today’s Feminism, New York: Seal Press.
Heywood, Leslie and Jennifer Drake (eds.) (1997), Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Heywood, Leslie (ed.) (2006), The Women’s Movement Today: an Encyclopedia of Third-Wave Feminism, Westport, Connecticut, London: Greenwood Press.
Hill, Jacky E. (1991),“The Stereotypes of Race”, Time, October 21, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974099,00.html.
Hirsch, Marianne and Evelyn Fox Keller (eds.) (1990), Conflicts in Feminism, New York and London: Routledge.
Hollows, Joanne and Rachel Moseley (eds.) (2006), Feminism in Popular Culture, New York: BERG.hooks, bell (1981), Ain’t I A Woman, Boston: Southern End Press.
______ (1984), Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, Boston: South End Press.
______(1990),“Postmodern Blackness”, Postmodern Culture: an electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Criticism, 1 (1), http://db2.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/MUSE/toc.nsp.
Hull, Gloria T.et al. (eds.) (1982), All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies, NY: The Feminist Press.
Jagose, Annamarie (1996), Queer Theory: An Introduction, New York University Press.
Kamen, Paula (ed.) (1991), Feminist Fatale: Voices from Twentysomething Generation Explore Future Women’s Movement. New York: Donald I. Fine.
______ (2000), Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution. New York: New York University.
Kinser, Amber E. (2004),“Negotiating Spaces For/Through Third-Wave Feminism”, NWSA Journal, 16(3):124-153.
Looser, Devoney and E. Ann Kaplan (eds.) (1997), Generations: Academic Feminists in Dialogue, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lotz, Amanda (2003),“Communicating Third-Wave Feminism and New Social Movements: Challenges for the Next Century of Feminist Endeavor”, Women and Language, 26 (1): 2-9.
Mack-Canty, Colleen (2004),“Third-Wave Feminisms and the Nedd to Reweave the Nature/Culture Duality”, NWSA Journal, 16(3):154-179.
Mann, Susan and Douglas Huffman (2005),“The Decentering of Second Wave Feminism and the Rise of the Third Wave”, Science and Society, 69(1): 56-91. Millett, Kate (1977), Sexual Politics, London: Virago.
Mohanty, Chandra (1991), Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Moi, Toril (1988),“Feminism, Postmodernism and Style: Recent Feminist Criticism in the United States”, Culture Critique, 9: 3-22.
More-Gilbert, Bart et al. (eds.) (1997), Postcolonial Criticism, London and New York: Longman. Morgan, Robin (ed.) (2003), Sisterhood Is Forever: the Woman’s Anthology for a New Millennium, New York: Washington Square Press.
Newsom, Victoran Ann (2004),“Theorizing Contained Empowerment: A Critique of Activism and Power in Third Wave Feminist Spaces”, PhD Dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Nicholson, Linda (ed.) (1997), The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory, New York and London: Routledge.
Orr, Catherine M. (1997),“Charting the Currents of the Third Wave”, Hypatia, 12(3): 29-45.
Paglia, Camille (1991), Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Piano, Doreen (2003),“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, PhD dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Plant, Sadie (1997), Zeros﹢Ones:Digital Women and the New Technoculture, New York: Doubleday.
Purvis, Jennifer (2004),“Grrrls and Women Together in the Third Wave: Embracing the Challenges of Intergenerational Feminism(s)”, NWSA Journal, 3: 93-123.
Rich, Adrienne (1980),“Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence”, Signs:Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 5(4): 631-660.
Rich, B. Ruby (1986),“Feminism and Sexuality in the 1980s”, Feminist Studies, 12(3): 525-561.
Roiphe, Kate (1993), The Morning After: Sex, Fear and Feminism, Boston: Little Brown.
Rosenberg, Jessica and Gitana Garofalo (1998),“Riot Grrrl: Revolution from Within”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 23(3): 809-841.
Rosenfelt, Deborah and Judith Stacey (1987),“Second Thoughts on the Second Wave”, Feminist Review, 27: 77-95.
Salih, Sara (2002), Judith Butler, London and New York: Routledge. Sandoval, Chela (2000), Methodology of the Oppressed, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Schilt, Kristen (2003),“‘A Little Too Ironic’: The Appropriation and Packaging of Riot Grrrl Politics by Mainstream Female Musicians”, Popular Music and Society, 26(1):5-16.
Scott, Joan (2003),“Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, The Uses of Poststructualist Theory for Feminism”in McCann, Carole and Kim Seung-Kyung (eds.), Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives. New York and London: Routledge, 378-390.
Segal, Lynne (1999), Why Feminism? Gender, Psychology, Politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
Siegel, Deborah (1997),“The Legacy of the Personal: Generating Theory in Feminism’s Third Wave”, Hypatia, 12(3): 46-75.
Smith, Barbara (1983), Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, New York: Kitchen Table, A Woman of Color Press.
Spleman, Elizabeth (1988), Inessential Women: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought, Boston: Beacon Press.
Springer, Kimberly (2002),“Third Wave Black Feminism?”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 27(4): 1059-1082.
Stacey, Judith (1990), Brave New Families Stories of Domestic Upheaval in Late TwentiethCentury America, Basic Books, Inc.
Stoller, Debbie and Marcelle Karp (eds.) (1999), The Bust Guide to the New Girl Order. Penguin group.
Tong, Rosemarie (1989), Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction, London: Routledge. VoVlkart, Y. (2004),“The Cyberfeminist Fantasy of the Pleasure of the Cyborg”in Reiche, Claudia and Verena Kuni (eds.) Cyberfeminism: Next Protocols, New York: autonomedia, 93-102.
Walker, Rebecca (ed.) (1995), To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism, New York: Anchor Books.
Warren, Karen (2000), Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Whelehan, Imelda (1995), Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to “Post-feminism”, New York: New York University Press.
Wolf, Naomi (1993), Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How It Will Change the 21st Century, New York: Random House.
Zack, Naomi (2005), Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality, Lanbam: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, INC. 中文文献
鲍晓兰:《西方女性主义研究评介》,北京,三联书店,1995年版。
陈顺馨、戴锦华主编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版。
陈永国:“德勒兹思想要略”,《外国文学》,2004年第4期,第25-33页。
德拉诺瓦:《民族与民族主义》,郑文彬等译,北京,三联书店,2005年版。
高宣扬:《后现代论》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2005年版。
荒林主编:《中国女性主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版。
金惠敏主编:《差异》,开封,河南大学出版社,2005年版。
金莉:“生态女权主义”,《外国文学》,2004年第5期,第57-64页。
李银河主编:《妇女:最漫长的革命—当代西方女权主义理论精选》,北京,三联书店,1997年版。
______:《女性主义》,济南,山东人民出版社,2005年版。
刘金源:“和平与暴力:论反全球化运动斗争方式的双重性”,《南京大学学报》哲学人文科学社会科学版,2005年第6期,第36-43页。
罗宾:《怪异理论:西方90年代性思潮》,李银河译,北京,时事出版社,2002年版。
罗钢、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,北京,中国社会科学出版社,1999年版。
罗钢、裴亚莉:“种族、性别与文本的政治:后殖民女性主义的理论与批评实践”,《北京师范大学学报》人文社会科学版,2000年第1期,第100-108页。
麦克拉肯等,《女性主义理论读本》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2007年版。
孟岗:《消费时代的身体乌托邦:比较文论视域中的“身体写作”研究》,浙江大学,博士学位论文,2004年。
默克罗比:《后现代主义与大众文化》,田晓菲译,北京,中央编译出版社,2001年版。
赛义德:《文化与帝国主义》,李琨译,北京,三联书店,2003年版。
苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版。
童:《女性主义思潮导论》,艾晓明等译,武汉,华中师范大学出版社,2002年版。
汪民安主编:《文化研究关键词》,南京,凤凰出版传媒集团江苏人民出版社,2007年版。
王宁:《全球化:文学研究与文化研究》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2003年版。
______:“文化研究语境下的性别研究和怪异研究”,《南开大学学报》哲学社会科学版,2005年第5期,第27-33页。
王逢振主编:《先锋译丛7 :性别政治》,天津,天津社会科学院出版社,2001年版。
杨莉馨:“影响与互动:解构理论与女性主义”,《南京师范大学学报》社会科学版,2003年第3期,第115-121页。
张京媛:《当代女性主义文学批评》,北京,北京大学出版社,1992年版。
赵冰冰、刘兵:《第三世界生态女性主义理论的若干特色:以席瓦为例》,荒林编,《中国女性主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2004年版,第60-65页。
周春:《美国黑人女性主义批评研究》,四川大学,博士学位论文,2006年。
○1苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版,第2页。
○1转引自苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,第9页。
①朱丽叶·米切尔:《妇女:最漫长的革命》,李银河主编:《妇女:最漫长的革命—当代西方女权主义理论精选》,北京,三联书店,1997年,第31页。
○1鲍晓兰:《西方女性主义研究评介》,北京:三联书店,1995年版,第6页。
○1 Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, (London: Virago, 1977), p.24.
①Catherine Eve Harnois,“Toward an Undisciplined Study of Difference, Feminism and Identities”, Ph.D.diss., University of North Carolina, 2005, p.50.
②Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, p.3.
①Linda Alcoff and E. Potter, eds. Feminist Epistemologies, (London: Routlege, 1993), p.4.
②丽贝卡·沃克的母亲是著名的美国黑人女性主义者、女作家艾丽斯·沃克(Alice Walker)。
①刘金源:《和平与暴力:论反全球化运动斗争方式的双重性》,《南京大学学报》哲学人文科学社会科学版,2005年第6期,第37页。
①Stacy Gillis et al. eds. Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p.13.
②Leslie Heywood, ed. The Women’s Movement Today: An Encyclopedia of Third-Wave Feminism, Vol 1, (Westport, Connecticut, London: Greenwood Press, 2006), p. 103.
①Susan Faludi, Backlash: The Unbearable War Against American Women, (London: Vintage, 1992), p.xix.
①Michele Barrett and Anne Philips, Destablizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), p.215.
①Teresa L. Ebert,“The‘Difference’of Postmodern Feminism”, College English, Vol. 53 (December 1991), p.891.
①高宣扬:《后现代论》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2005年版,第2页。
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, (Boston: South End Press, 1984), p.27.
○1 Germaine Greer, The Whole Woman, (London: Anchor, 2000), pp.410-411.
○1 Rebecca Walker,“Becoming the Third Wave”, Mrs., Vol.39 (January/February 1992), pp.39-41.
○1 Ginia Bellafante,“Feminism: It’s All About Me!”, Time, June 29, 1998, p. 57.
○2 Imelda Whelehan, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to‘Post-Feminism’, (New York: New York University Press, 1995), p.235.
○3 Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, (Harmondsworth:Penguin Books, 1991), p.38.
○1 Rene Denfeld, The New Victorians: A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order, (New York: Warner Books, 1995), p.5.
○2 Deborah L. Siegel,“The Legacy of the Personal: Generating Theory in Feminism’s Third Wave”, Hypatia, Vol.12, No. 3 (Summer 1997), p.61.
○1 B. Ruby Rich,“Feminism and Sexuality in the 1980s”, Feminist Studies, vol.12, No. 3 (Autumn 1986), p.525.
○2这种“危害”指的是类似于“美国女性不幸福的原因在于她们太自由了;她们的解放否决了婚姻与母亲职责”这样的论调。
○1 Ann Brooks, Postfeminisms: Feminism, Cultural Theory and Cultural Forms, (London and New York: Routledge, 1997), p.7
○1 Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake, Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, p.3.
○1 Nancy Fraser,“The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theory for Feminist politics”, Boundary 2, Vol.17, No.2 (Summer 1990), p.85.
○1苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,第3页。
○2陈永国:《德勒兹思想要略》,《外国文学》,2004年第4期,第27页。
○1 Doreen Marie Piano,“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, Ph.D. diss., Bowling Green State University, p.1.
○2 Jessica Rosenberg and Gitana Garofalo,“Riot Grrrl: Revolution from Within”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol.23, No.3 (Spring 1998), p.811.
○1 Susan Carpenter,“When the Third Wave of Feminism Went Bust”, Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1998, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/09/news/cl-63934.
○1 Ednie Kaeh Garrison,“Feminism—Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Culture and the Technologies of the Third Wave”, Feminist Studies, No.1 (Spring 2000), p.147.
○1 Doreen Marie Piano,“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, Ph.D. diss., Bowling Green State University, p.9.
○1 Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, Manifesta: Young Women, Femnism and the Future, p.52.
○2 Kristen Schilt,“’A Little Too Ironic’: The Appropriation and Packaging of Riot Grrl Politics by Mainstream Female Musicians”, Popular Music and Society, Vol.26, No.1 (Feburary 2003), p.6.
○1关于赛博女性主义,下文第5章第5小节将专门著文探讨,这里不再赘述。
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, p.11.
○1 bell hooks, Feminist Theory: from Margin to Center, pp.17-18.
○1 Ednie Kaeh Garrison,“The Third Wave and the Cultural Predicament of Feminist Consciousness in the U.S.”, Ph.D.diss., Washington State University, p.31.
○2 bell hooks, Ain’t I A Woman, (Boston: Southern End Press, 1981), p.7.
○1 Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment, p.7.
①[美]罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童:《女性主义思潮导论》,艾晓明等译,武汉,华中师范大学出版社,2002年,第321页。
①Jacky E. Hill,“The Stereotypes of Race”, Time, October 21, 1991, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974099,00.html
②Barbara Smith, ed. Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, (New York: Kitchen Table, A Woman of Color Press, 1983), p.49.
○1 Chandra Mohanty, ed. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, p.5.
○1罗刚、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,北京,中国社会科学出版社,1999年版,第130页。
○2陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版,第42页。
○1 Bart More-Gilbert et al. eds. Postcolonial Criticism, (London and New York: Longman, 1997), p.5.
○1陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版,第39页。
○1参见布塔丽娅,《沉默的问题:分治、妇女与国家》,陈顺馨、戴锦华选编,《妇女、民族与女性主义》中央编译出版社2004年版,第98页。
○2 [法]吉尔·德拉诺瓦:《民族与民族主义》,郑文彬等译,北京:三联书店,2005年版,第40页。
○1 [美]爱德华·赛义德:《文化与帝国主义》,李琨译,北京,三联书店,2003年版,第389页。
○2罗刚、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,第340页。
○3陈顺馨、戴锦华选编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,第1页。
○1 Colleen Mack-Canty,“Third-Wave Feminisms and the Need to Reweave the Nature/Culture Duality”, NWSA Journal, Vol.16, No.3 (Fall 2004), p.155.
○1 Karen Warren, Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000), p.21.
○1 Karen Warren, Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, p.xivxv.
○1 Rebecca Clay,“Speaking Up: Women’s Voices in Environmental Decision Making”Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.111, No.1 (January 2003), p.A35.
○2鲁伊·吉布斯于1981年成立了健康、环境与正义中心(Center for Health, Environment and Justice),帮助面临其他工业污染危机的人们学会如何应对毫无同情心的政府官员以及怀有敌意的公司代表,她
○1 Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, (New York: Routledge, 1990), pp.63-64.
○1 Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, p.33.
○2 ibid, p.25.
○1 Sara Salih, Judith Butler, (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), p.47.
①Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, p.6.
②Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of“Sex”, (New York and London: Routledge, 1993), p.68.
①Stacy Gillis et al. eds., Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), p.187.
②ibid, p.186.
○1 Sadie Plant, Zeroes+Ones: Digital Women and the New Technoculture, (New York: Doubleday, 1997), p.37.
○1 Stacy Gillis et al. eds., Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration, p.186.
Alcoff, Linda and E. Potter (eds.) (1993), Feminist Epistemologies, London: Routledge.
Alcoff, Linda (1997),“The Politics of Postmodern Feminism, Revisited”, Cultural Critique, 36: 5-27.
Alfonso, Rita and Jo Trigilio (1997),“Surfing the Third Wave: A Dialogue between Two Third Wave Feminists”, Hypatia, 12(3): 7-16.
Aronson, Pamela (2003),“‘Feminists’or‘Postfeminits’?: Young Women’s Attitudes Toward Feminism and Gender Relations”, Gender and Society, 17(6):903-922.
Barrett, Michele and Anne Philips (1992), Destablizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Baumgardner, Jennifer and Amy Richards (eds.) (2000), Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Bean, Kellie (2007), Post-Backlash Feminism:Women and the Media Since Reagan-Bush, Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc.
Beasley, Chris (2005), Gender & Sexuality: Critical Theories, Critical Thinkers, London: SAGE Publications.
Bell, David (2001), An Introduction to Cyberculture, London and New York: Routledge. Bellafonte, Ginia (1998),“Feminism: It’s All about Me!”, Time, June 29, 1998: 54-60.
Bhabha, Homi (1994), The Location of Culture, London: Routledge. Braithwaite, Ann (2002),“The Personal, the Political, Third-Wave and Postfeminisms”, Feminist Theory, 3(3):335-344.
Bronstein, Carolyn (2005),“Representing the Third Wave: Mainstream Print Media Framing of A New Feminist Movement”, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(4):783-803.
Brooks, Ann (1997), Postfeminisms: Feminism, Cultural Theory and Cultural Forms, London and New York: Routledge.
Butler, Judith (1990), Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York: Routledge.
______ (1991),“Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of‘Postmodernism’”, Praxis International, 11(2): 150-165.
______ (1993), Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of“Sex”, New York and London:Routledge.
Carpenter, Susan (1998),“When the Third Wave of Feminism Went Bust”, Los Angeles Times, August 9, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/09/news/cl-63934.
Clay, Rebecca (2003),“Speaking Up: Women’s Voices in Environmental Decision Making”, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(1):A34-A37.
Collins, Patricia Hill (2000), Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment, New York and London: Routledge.
Cortese, Janis (1998),“The Internet---Mecca of Empowerment”, April 22, http://www.3rdwwwave.com/display_article.cgi?42
Denfeld, Rene (1995), The New Victorians:A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order, New York: Warner Books.
Diaz, Angeli R. (2003),“Postcolonial Theory and the Third Wave Agenda”, Women and Language, 26(1): 10-17.
Dick, Rory and Alison Piepmeier (eds.) (2003), Catching a Wave:Reclaiming Feminism for the 21st Century, Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Driscoll, Catherine (1999),“Girl Culture, Revenge and Global Capitalism: Cybergirls, Riot Grrls, Spice Girls”, Austrian Feminist Studies, 29:173-193.
Ebert, Teresa L. (1991),“The‘Difference’of Postmodern Feminism”, College English, 53(8): 886-904.
Evans, Sara (2003), Tidal Wave: How Women Changed America at Century’s End, New York: The Free Press.
Faludi, Susan (1992), Backlash: The Unbearable War Against American Women, London: Vintage.
Findlen, Barabra (ed.) (1995), Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation, Seattle: Seal Press.
Fraiman, Susan (1999),“Feminism Today: Mothers, Daughters, Emerging Sisters”, American Literary History, 11(3): 525-544.
Fraser, Nancy and Linda Nicholson (1989),“Social Criticism Without Philosophy: An Encounter Between Feminism and Postmodernism”, Social Text, 21: 83-104.
Fraser, Nancy (1990),“The Uses and Abuses of French Discourse Theory for Feminist Politics”, Boundary 2, 17(2): 82-101.
Friedlin, Jennifer (2002),“Second and Third Wave Feminist Clash over the Future”, May 26, http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/920/context/cover.
Gamble, Sarah (ed.) (2001), The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism, London and New York: Routledge.
Garrison, Ednie Kaeh (2000),“The Third Wave and the Cultural Predicament of Feminist Consciousness in the U.S.”, PhD Dissertation, Washington State University.
_______ (2000),“U.S. Feminism—Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Culture and the Technologics of the Third Wave”, Feminist Studies, 1:141-170.
Gill, Rosalind (2007),“Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility”, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 10(2): 147-166.
Gillis, Stacy et al. (eds.) (2004), Third Wave Feminism: a Critical Exploration, NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gonick, Marnina (2006),“Between‘Girl Power’and‘Reviving Ophelia’: Constituting the Neoliberal Girl Subject”, NWSA Journal, 2: 1-23.
Greer, Germaine (2000), The Whole Woman, London: Anchor.
Hall, Elaine J. and Marine Salupo Rodriguez (2003),“The Myth of Postfeminism”, Gender and Society, 17(6): 878-902.
Haraway, Donna (2000),“A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Solialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century”in Kolmar, Wendy K. and Frances Bartkowski (eds.), Feminist Theory: A Reader, London: Mayfield Publishing Company, 362-372.
Harnois, Catherine E. (2005),“Toward an Undisciplined Study of Difference, Feminism and Identities”, PhD Dissertation, University of North Carolina.
Hawthorne, Susan and Renate Klein (eds.) (1999), Cyberfeminism: Connectivity, Critique and Creativity, North Melborne: Spinifex Press.
Henry, Astrid (2000),“Matrophobia and Generations of feminism”, PhD Dissertation, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.
_______ (2004), Not My Mother’s Sister: Generational Conflict and Third-Wave Feminism, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Hernandez, Daisy and Bushra Rehman (eds.) (2002), Colonize This!: Young Women of Color on Today’s Feminism, New York: Seal Press.
Heywood, Leslie and Jennifer Drake (eds.) (1997), Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Heywood, Leslie (ed.) (2006), The Women’s Movement Today: an Encyclopedia of Third-Wave Feminism, Westport, Connecticut, London: Greenwood Press.
Hill, Jacky E. (1991),“The Stereotypes of Race”, Time, October 21, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974099,00.html.
Hirsch, Marianne and Evelyn Fox Keller (eds.) (1990), Conflicts in Feminism, New York and London: Routledge.
Hollows, Joanne and Rachel Moseley (eds.) (2006), Feminism in Popular Culture, New York: BERG.hooks, bell (1981), Ain’t I A Woman, Boston: Southern End Press.
______ (1984), Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, Boston: South End Press.
______(1990),“Postmodern Blackness”, Postmodern Culture: an electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Criticism, 1 (1), http://db2.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/MUSE/toc.nsp.
Hull, Gloria T.et al. (eds.) (1982), All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies, NY: The Feminist Press.
Jagose, Annamarie (1996), Queer Theory: An Introduction, New York University Press.
Kamen, Paula (ed.) (1991), Feminist Fatale: Voices from Twentysomething Generation Explore Future Women’s Movement. New York: Donald I. Fine.
______ (2000), Her Way: Young Women Remake the Sexual Revolution. New York: New York University.
Kinser, Amber E. (2004),“Negotiating Spaces For/Through Third-Wave Feminism”, NWSA Journal, 16(3):124-153.
Looser, Devoney and E. Ann Kaplan (eds.) (1997), Generations: Academic Feminists in Dialogue, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lotz, Amanda (2003),“Communicating Third-Wave Feminism and New Social Movements: Challenges for the Next Century of Feminist Endeavor”, Women and Language, 26 (1): 2-9.
Mack-Canty, Colleen (2004),“Third-Wave Feminisms and the Nedd to Reweave the Nature/Culture Duality”, NWSA Journal, 16(3):154-179.
Mann, Susan and Douglas Huffman (2005),“The Decentering of Second Wave Feminism and the Rise of the Third Wave”, Science and Society, 69(1): 56-91. Millett, Kate (1977), Sexual Politics, London: Virago.
Mohanty, Chandra (1991), Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Moi, Toril (1988),“Feminism, Postmodernism and Style: Recent Feminist Criticism in the United States”, Culture Critique, 9: 3-22.
More-Gilbert, Bart et al. (eds.) (1997), Postcolonial Criticism, London and New York: Longman. Morgan, Robin (ed.) (2003), Sisterhood Is Forever: the Woman’s Anthology for a New Millennium, New York: Washington Square Press.
Newsom, Victoran Ann (2004),“Theorizing Contained Empowerment: A Critique of Activism and Power in Third Wave Feminist Spaces”, PhD Dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Nicholson, Linda (ed.) (1997), The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory, New York and London: Routledge.
Orr, Catherine M. (1997),“Charting the Currents of the Third Wave”, Hypatia, 12(3): 29-45.
Paglia, Camille (1991), Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Piano, Doreen (2003),“Congregating Women: Reading the Rhetorical Arts of the Third Wave Subcultural Production”, PhD dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
Plant, Sadie (1997), Zeros﹢Ones:Digital Women and the New Technoculture, New York: Doubleday.
Purvis, Jennifer (2004),“Grrrls and Women Together in the Third Wave: Embracing the Challenges of Intergenerational Feminism(s)”, NWSA Journal, 3: 93-123.
Rich, Adrienne (1980),“Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence”, Signs:Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 5(4): 631-660.
Rich, B. Ruby (1986),“Feminism and Sexuality in the 1980s”, Feminist Studies, 12(3): 525-561.
Roiphe, Kate (1993), The Morning After: Sex, Fear and Feminism, Boston: Little Brown.
Rosenberg, Jessica and Gitana Garofalo (1998),“Riot Grrrl: Revolution from Within”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 23(3): 809-841.
Rosenfelt, Deborah and Judith Stacey (1987),“Second Thoughts on the Second Wave”, Feminist Review, 27: 77-95.
Salih, Sara (2002), Judith Butler, London and New York: Routledge. Sandoval, Chela (2000), Methodology of the Oppressed, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Schilt, Kristen (2003),“‘A Little Too Ironic’: The Appropriation and Packaging of Riot Grrrl Politics by Mainstream Female Musicians”, Popular Music and Society, 26(1):5-16.
Scott, Joan (2003),“Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, The Uses of Poststructualist Theory for Feminism”in McCann, Carole and Kim Seung-Kyung (eds.), Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives. New York and London: Routledge, 378-390.
Segal, Lynne (1999), Why Feminism? Gender, Psychology, Politics, New York: Columbia University Press.
Siegel, Deborah (1997),“The Legacy of the Personal: Generating Theory in Feminism’s Third Wave”, Hypatia, 12(3): 46-75.
Smith, Barbara (1983), Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, New York: Kitchen Table, A Woman of Color Press.
Spleman, Elizabeth (1988), Inessential Women: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought, Boston: Beacon Press.
Springer, Kimberly (2002),“Third Wave Black Feminism?”, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 27(4): 1059-1082.
Stacey, Judith (1990), Brave New Families Stories of Domestic Upheaval in Late TwentiethCentury America, Basic Books, Inc.
Stoller, Debbie and Marcelle Karp (eds.) (1999), The Bust Guide to the New Girl Order. Penguin group.
Tong, Rosemarie (1989), Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction, London: Routledge. VoVlkart, Y. (2004),“The Cyberfeminist Fantasy of the Pleasure of the Cyborg”in Reiche, Claudia and Verena Kuni (eds.) Cyberfeminism: Next Protocols, New York: autonomedia, 93-102.
Walker, Rebecca (ed.) (1995), To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism, New York: Anchor Books.
Warren, Karen (2000), Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters, New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Whelehan, Imelda (1995), Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to “Post-feminism”, New York: New York University Press.
Wolf, Naomi (1993), Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How It Will Change the 21st Century, New York: Random House.
Zack, Naomi (2005), Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality, Lanbam: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, INC. 中文文献
鲍晓兰:《西方女性主义研究评介》,北京,三联书店,1995年版。
陈顺馨、戴锦华主编:《妇女、民族与女性主义》,北京,中央编译出版社,2004年版。
陈永国:“德勒兹思想要略”,《外国文学》,2004年第4期,第25-33页。
德拉诺瓦:《民族与民族主义》,郑文彬等译,北京,三联书店,2005年版。
高宣扬:《后现代论》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2005年版。
荒林主编:《中国女性主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版。
金惠敏主编:《差异》,开封,河南大学出版社,2005年版。
金莉:“生态女权主义”,《外国文学》,2004年第5期,第57-64页。
李银河主编:《妇女:最漫长的革命—当代西方女权主义理论精选》,北京,三联书店,1997年版。
______:《女性主义》,济南,山东人民出版社,2005年版。
刘金源:“和平与暴力:论反全球化运动斗争方式的双重性”,《南京大学学报》哲学人文科学社会科学版,2005年第6期,第36-43页。
罗宾:《怪异理论:西方90年代性思潮》,李银河译,北京,时事出版社,2002年版。
罗钢、刘象愚主编:《后殖民主义文化理论》,北京,中国社会科学出版社,1999年版。
罗钢、裴亚莉:“种族、性别与文本的政治:后殖民女性主义的理论与批评实践”,《北京师范大学学报》人文社会科学版,2000年第1期,第100-108页。
麦克拉肯等,《女性主义理论读本》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2007年版。
孟岗:《消费时代的身体乌托邦:比较文论视域中的“身体写作”研究》,浙江大学,博士学位论文,2004年。
默克罗比:《后现代主义与大众文化》,田晓菲译,北京,中央编译出版社,2001年版。
赛义德:《文化与帝国主义》,李琨译,北京,三联书店,2003年版。
苏红军、柏棣主编:《西方后学语境中的女权主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2006年版。
童:《女性主义思潮导论》,艾晓明等译,武汉,华中师范大学出版社,2002年版。
汪民安主编:《文化研究关键词》,南京,凤凰出版传媒集团江苏人民出版社,2007年版。
王宁:《全球化:文学研究与文化研究》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2003年版。
______:“文化研究语境下的性别研究和怪异研究”,《南开大学学报》哲学社会科学版,2005年第5期,第27-33页。
王逢振主编:《先锋译丛7 :性别政治》,天津,天津社会科学院出版社,2001年版。
杨莉馨:“影响与互动:解构理论与女性主义”,《南京师范大学学报》社会科学版,2003年第3期,第115-121页。
张京媛:《当代女性主义文学批评》,北京,北京大学出版社,1992年版。
赵冰冰、刘兵:《第三世界生态女性主义理论的若干特色:以席瓦为例》,荒林编,《中国女性主义》,桂林,广西师范大学出版社,2004年版,第60-65页。
周春:《美国黑人女性主义批评研究》,四川大学,博士学位论文,2006年。