给水输配水管网系统优化设计研究
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摘要
随着城市化和工业化进程的加快，农村经济的发展，我国在给水输配水管网工程建设和运行管理方面的投入不断增大，通过优化设计，寻求投资少、能耗低的给水输配水管网系统优化设计方案，具有巨大的经济和社会效益。本文针对不同类型的输水管线和配水管网系统的特点，应用遗传算法和线性规划等优化设计理论和方法，对其优化设计问题进行了较为系统的研究，成果如下：
1 分别建立了重力输水管道系统、重力输水管渠系统、泵站加压输水管道系统以及考虑流量变化的泵站加压输水管道系统优化设计的线性规划数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
2 分别建立了单水源重力树状管网、单水源泵站加压树状管网、网前水塔树状管网、对置水塔树状管网和网中水塔树状管网系统优化设计的线性规划数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
3 提出了基管段流量的概念，为解决环状管网中管段和水源的流量最优分配问题提供了一个新的途径。
4 提出了环状管网优化设计的遗传—线性规划(GALP)算法，将遗传算法和线性规划有机的结合在一起，是一种有效地解决环状管网优化设计问题的新方法。
5 分别建立了水源水压已定单水源环状管网和水源水压未定单水源环状管网优化设计数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
6 在分析了多水源环状管网工况的基础上，分别建立了多工况条件下水源水压和流量未定多水源环状管网以及水源水压和流量已定多水源环状管网优化设计数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
7 根据上述给水输配水管网系统优化设计数学模型和计算方法，应用MATLA编制优化设计计算程序，大量的计算实例表明：本文建立的优化设计数学模型合理，提出的计算方法可行，优化计算结果经济效益显著。
The cost of construction and operation of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks is constantly increasing along with the development of city, industry and rural economics in our country. There is great economic and social benefit adopting the optimal design to reduce investment and energy consumption of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks. Based on optimization theories of genetic algorithms and the linear programming, a series of optimal design mathematics models and methods of water transmission conduits and water distribution networks have been presented, in the light of their characteristics. The results are as follows:
1 The linear programming models and calculations of the pressure gravity conduit, the gravity pressure conduit and channel, the pressure conduit with pump station and the pressure conduit in considering pump station flow variations are presented respectively.
2 The linear programming models and calculations of the single source gravity branch network, the single source branch network with pump station, the branch network with water tower ahead of network, the branch network with water tower back of network and the branch network with water tower in the middle of network are presented respectively.
3 The concept of basics pipe segment flow is presented. This is a new approach to determine optimal flow distribution of pipe segment and water source.
4 A new method called genetic algorithms- linear programming (GALP) is presented, by which the optimal design a looped water distribution network can be obtained.
5 The optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the single source looped network which source pressure is undecided and the single source looped network which source pressure is decided are presented respectively.
6 The optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the multi-source and multi-load looped network which source pressure and flow is undecided and the multi-source and multi-load looped network which source pressure and flow is decided are presented respectively, according to analysis load of multi-source looped network.
7 The corresponding programs are developed, based on the optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks, by adopting MATLAB .A lot of calculating examples show: the optimal design mathematics models are reasonable, the calculation methods is feasible, the economic benefit of optimal design is obvious.
1 分别建立了重力输水管道系统、重力输水管渠系统、泵站加压输水管道系统以及考虑流量变化的泵站加压输水管道系统优化设计的线性规划数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
2 分别建立了单水源重力树状管网、单水源泵站加压树状管网、网前水塔树状管网、对置水塔树状管网和网中水塔树状管网系统优化设计的线性规划数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
3 提出了基管段流量的概念，为解决环状管网中管段和水源的流量最优分配问题提供了一个新的途径。
4 提出了环状管网优化设计的遗传—线性规划(GALP)算法，将遗传算法和线性规划有机的结合在一起，是一种有效地解决环状管网优化设计问题的新方法。
5 分别建立了水源水压已定单水源环状管网和水源水压未定单水源环状管网优化设计数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
6 在分析了多水源环状管网工况的基础上，分别建立了多工况条件下水源水压和流量未定多水源环状管网以及水源水压和流量已定多水源环状管网优化设计数学模型，并提出了计算方法。
7 根据上述给水输配水管网系统优化设计数学模型和计算方法，应用MATLA编制优化设计计算程序，大量的计算实例表明：本文建立的优化设计数学模型合理，提出的计算方法可行，优化计算结果经济效益显著。
The cost of construction and operation of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks is constantly increasing along with the development of city, industry and rural economics in our country. There is great economic and social benefit adopting the optimal design to reduce investment and energy consumption of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks. Based on optimization theories of genetic algorithms and the linear programming, a series of optimal design mathematics models and methods of water transmission conduits and water distribution networks have been presented, in the light of their characteristics. The results are as follows:
1 The linear programming models and calculations of the pressure gravity conduit, the gravity pressure conduit and channel, the pressure conduit with pump station and the pressure conduit in considering pump station flow variations are presented respectively.
2 The linear programming models and calculations of the single source gravity branch network, the single source branch network with pump station, the branch network with water tower ahead of network, the branch network with water tower back of network and the branch network with water tower in the middle of network are presented respectively.
3 The concept of basics pipe segment flow is presented. This is a new approach to determine optimal flow distribution of pipe segment and water source.
4 A new method called genetic algorithms- linear programming (GALP) is presented, by which the optimal design a looped water distribution network can be obtained.
5 The optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the single source looped network which source pressure is undecided and the single source looped network which source pressure is decided are presented respectively.
6 The optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the multi-source and multi-load looped network which source pressure and flow is undecided and the multi-source and multi-load looped network which source pressure and flow is decided are presented respectively, according to analysis load of multi-source looped network.
7 The corresponding programs are developed, based on the optimal design mathematics models and calculations of the water transmission conduits and water distribution networks, by adopting MATLAB .A lot of calculating examples show: the optimal design mathematics models are reasonable, the calculation methods is feasible, the economic benefit of optimal design is obvious.
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