岩溶地区尾矿库建设中防渗帷幕灌浆设计的探讨
摘要
自然界中的岩体都是由岩块及切割它裂隙组成的,对可溶岩而言还包括沿裂隙等结构面发育的溶孔、溶隙、溶洞。完整的岩石透水性很小,地层的透水性主要是因为其中发育的空隙而造成,其空的隙渗透性决定了地层的渗透性。采用呈线状布置的一排或多排钻孔进行灌浆,用水泥等灌浆材料封堵钻孔周围一定范围内岩体中的空隙而形成阻水帷幕,达到减少渗漏量和降低渗透压力的目的,是库岸和基础处理的重要手段,这就是帷幕灌浆。
随着乌江渡、洪家渡、龙滩等一批岩溶地区的水库建设取得成功,在水利水电方面积累了大量的工程资料,岩溶灌浆理论也得到了长足发展,但是与水利水电工程形成鲜明的对比,在工业尾矿库建设方面,对防渗方面特别是帷幕灌浆研究相对较少。
在岩溶地区的工业尾矿库建设中,防渗方面的要求与水库是有差异的,其防渗标准的确定以及防渗方法的设计,特别是防渗帷幕灌浆的设计都因其应用特点而有较大的差异。目前,随着科学发展观的深入贯彻,行业主管部门对尾矿库建设越来越予以重视,但是与此同时,在尾矿库建设方面,相应的标准、规范对防渗的要求还有较大的提升空间。现大多数尾矿库建设项目在防渗的设计、施工方面只能参照水利水电行业的规范。
本文结合工程实例,在对灌浆理论进行研究和对具体工程实例的地质条件进行分析后,对岩溶地区尾矿库建设中,帷幕灌浆的设计进行了有益的探索,并用以指导实际工作,通过工程验证、检查取得了较好的效果。
The rock mass in the nature consist of rock and the cranny which cut the rock, and in the case of lava include the solutional void, miscibility gap and solution cavity which growth along the structure face like cranny and so on. The intact rock is rare dankly, the permeability of the stratum mainly because of the lacuna, the lacuna permeability decide the permeability of the stratum. Use the linear dispose one row or several rows drill to mortar grouting, and use the grout to block up the lacuna, and to be the resistant water purdah, in order to reduce the infiltration capacity and pressure. This is an important method of basic treatment, this is the purdah grouting.
Along with the successful building of the reservoirs in the Wu Jiang Du, Hong Jia Du, Long Tan of the Krast area, we accumulated a lot of project data of the water Resources and Hydropower, and get a long term development. But contrast with the water Resources and Hydropower, there are few research about the resistant dank especially the purdah grouting.
There some difference between demand of the resistant bank and reservoir in the period to build the industry gangue depot in Karst area. The standard of the dank resistant and design of the dank resistant method, especially the design of the dank resistant purdah grouting have a absolutely difference, because of their application feature. At present, as the implement of the scientific development, the competent authority pay more attention to the construction of the gangue depot build, but at the same time, in term of the gangue depot construction, the corresponding standard and code of the water resistance have a upside potential. The majority gangue depot construction projects can but only refer to the code of the water resources and hydropower.
This article use the practical examples of the work, after research the grouting theory and analysis the geological conditions from the practical examples, it make a useful exploration of the design of the purdah grouting, and use it to guide the practical work, through the engineering verification get a good result.
随着乌江渡、洪家渡、龙滩等一批岩溶地区的水库建设取得成功,在水利水电方面积累了大量的工程资料,岩溶灌浆理论也得到了长足发展,但是与水利水电工程形成鲜明的对比,在工业尾矿库建设方面,对防渗方面特别是帷幕灌浆研究相对较少。
在岩溶地区的工业尾矿库建设中,防渗方面的要求与水库是有差异的,其防渗标准的确定以及防渗方法的设计,特别是防渗帷幕灌浆的设计都因其应用特点而有较大的差异。目前,随着科学发展观的深入贯彻,行业主管部门对尾矿库建设越来越予以重视,但是与此同时,在尾矿库建设方面,相应的标准、规范对防渗的要求还有较大的提升空间。现大多数尾矿库建设项目在防渗的设计、施工方面只能参照水利水电行业的规范。
本文结合工程实例,在对灌浆理论进行研究和对具体工程实例的地质条件进行分析后,对岩溶地区尾矿库建设中,帷幕灌浆的设计进行了有益的探索,并用以指导实际工作,通过工程验证、检查取得了较好的效果。
The rock mass in the nature consist of rock and the cranny which cut the rock, and in the case of lava include the solutional void, miscibility gap and solution cavity which growth along the structure face like cranny and so on. The intact rock is rare dankly, the permeability of the stratum mainly because of the lacuna, the lacuna permeability decide the permeability of the stratum. Use the linear dispose one row or several rows drill to mortar grouting, and use the grout to block up the lacuna, and to be the resistant water purdah, in order to reduce the infiltration capacity and pressure. This is an important method of basic treatment, this is the purdah grouting.
Along with the successful building of the reservoirs in the Wu Jiang Du, Hong Jia Du, Long Tan of the Krast area, we accumulated a lot of project data of the water Resources and Hydropower, and get a long term development. But contrast with the water Resources and Hydropower, there are few research about the resistant dank especially the purdah grouting.
There some difference between demand of the resistant bank and reservoir in the period to build the industry gangue depot in Karst area. The standard of the dank resistant and design of the dank resistant method, especially the design of the dank resistant purdah grouting have a absolutely difference, because of their application feature. At present, as the implement of the scientific development, the competent authority pay more attention to the construction of the gangue depot build, but at the same time, in term of the gangue depot construction, the corresponding standard and code of the water resistance have a upside potential. The majority gangue depot construction projects can but only refer to the code of the water resources and hydropower.
This article use the practical examples of the work, after research the grouting theory and analysis the geological conditions from the practical examples, it make a useful exploration of the design of the purdah grouting, and use it to guide the practical work, through the engineering verification get a good result.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利电力部, 《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》SL62-94中国水利水电出版社,1994年
[2]李茂芳、孙钊《大坝基础灌浆》第二版,水利电力出版社,1987年
[3]夏可风,孙钊,电力行业标准《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》评介,水利水电地基与基础工程新技术,2002年
[4]《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》(DLT5148-2001)北京：电力出版社,2002,77-780
[5]邹成杰.《水利水电岩溶工程地质》北京：水利电力出版社,1994
[6]中华人民共和国建设部《建筑地基基础设计规范》中国建筑工业出版社,2002.02
[7]中华人民共和国建设部《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-2001)中国建筑工业出版社,2002.03
[8]中华人民共和国建设部《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》中国建筑工业出版社,1999.03
[9]王秉枕、陈曦等《地下水水质模型》辽宁科技出版社,1985.06
[10]徐开礼、朱志澄《构造地质学》地质出版社,2002.03
[11]王奎华、陈新民《岩土工程勘察》中国建筑工业出版社,2005.01
[12]薛禹群《地下水动力学》地质出版社,1997.09
[13]孙钊《大坝基础灌浆》中国水利水电出版社,2004.03
[14]《水文地质手册》河北省地质局水文地质四大队主编,地质出版社,1978.04
[15]《中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场增容改造勘察报告》(Ⅰ段、Ⅱ段、Ⅲ段、Ⅳ段、Ⅵ段),贵州有色地质工程勘察公司,2006.12
[16]《水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程》(SL31-2003)；
[17]丁坚平,毛健全,等.《扎塘赤泥库岩溶渗漏水动力弥散研究》[J].中国岩溶,1993,12(3)：215-22
[18]毛健全《钡渣的浸出淋溶试验及渣场防渗处理》[J].贵州化工,2000,26(71)： 26-29.
[19]丁坚平,毛健全,等《大干沟岩溶地下水磷污染评价》[J].贵州工业大学学报,2001,30(1)：16-19.
[20]丁坚平,毛健全,等《贵阳大坝地区岩溶地下水氟污染及其防治》[J].贵州环保科技,1998,4(3)：5-8.
[21]张英骏,缪钟灵,毛健全,章典,等《应用岩溶学及洞穴学》[M].贵阳：贵州人民出版社,85-91.
[22]孟宪彬《有色金属固体废物治理》[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1992.330-340.
[23]赵开珍,郑玉元《赤泥的固结排水抗剪强度》[J].贵州地质,1995,13(3)：280-286
[24]蔡良钧,毛健全,等《扎塘赤泥堆场岩溶渗漏及防渗处理》[J],X758；P642.5；P642.253
[25]中国地质调查局, 《中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所科研工作成果综述》2005
[26]林连丰等《环境水文地质学》[M].北京：地质出版社,1990
[27]韩行瑞等《岩溶水系统》[M].北京：地质出版社,1993
[28]李德等《运筹学[]M].北京：清华大学出版社,1982
[29]张卓元等编著《工程地质分析原理》,地质出版社,1981.
[30]中国科学院地质研究所《中国岩溶研究》,科学出版社,1979.
[31]杜恒俭,陈华慧,曹伯勋《地貌学及第四纪地质学》[M].北京：地质出版社.
[32]杨胜元,张建江等《贵州环境地质》,贵州科技出版社,2008.Z
[33]赵文强《地下水质污染模型综合评判法》[J].水文地质工程地质.1989.
[34]张咸恭《专门工程地质学》,地质出版杜,1988.
[35]王秉忱等《地下水污染地下水水质模拟方法》[M],北京师范学院出版社,1985.
[36]林学钰等《地下水运移数学模型手册》[M],吉林科学出版社,1985.
[37]鄢贵权,丁坚平等《贵州典型岩溶区地下水质系列模型》[J].贵州工业大学学报,1998,27(5)
[38]J.Bear著,李竞生等译.孙讷正校《多孔介质流体动力学》北京：中国建筑出版社1983
[39]《中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场增容改造岩溶防渗5#、6#库北侧、西侧、南侧段施工勘察及灌浆帷幕物探综合检测》贵州有色地质工程勘察公司,2008
[40]hao Kaizhell and Zheng Yuyuan, Shear—Resistance Strength of Red M ud after COnsOJjdatjO II and Drainage, GUIZHoU GEOLOGY,1996.
[41]Jennings,J.N."Karst"The M.I.T.Press 1971
[42]Wahlstrom,E.E."Dams.Dam Foundations and Reservoir Sites"Elsevier 1974
[43]VACLAV HALEK and JAN SEVEC, Groundwater Hydroulics, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979.
[44]Ford, T.D. Cullingford,C.H.D. (editor) "The Science of Speleolgy" Academic Press 1976
[45]Garrels,R.M. Christ,C.L. "Solutions,Minerals and Equlibra" Harper and Row.1965
[46]Palmer,A.N. "The origin of maze caves." Natl.Speleol. Soc. Bull. Vol.37. No3 1975
[47]Ewers, Von Alfred "The patterns of speleogenesis in the Midwestern United States Karest" Proc. of 4th Conf. on Karst geol. And hydrol.1974.
[48]Ronald R.Dilamarter,Snador C.Csallany,Hydrologci Problens in Karst Regions.Wstern Kantucky Unirersity.1977
[49]White, W.B. "Conceptual models for carbonate aquifer" Ground Water Vol.7. No3.1969
[50]W.B.White,Role of Solution Kinetics in the Development of Karst Aquifers,Kars Hydrogeology.USA.1977.
[2]李茂芳、孙钊《大坝基础灌浆》第二版,水利电力出版社,1987年
[3]夏可风,孙钊,电力行业标准《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》评介,水利水电地基与基础工程新技术,2002年
[4]《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》(DLT5148-2001)北京：电力出版社,2002,77-780
[5]邹成杰.《水利水电岩溶工程地质》北京：水利电力出版社,1994
[6]中华人民共和国建设部《建筑地基基础设计规范》中国建筑工业出版社,2002.02
[7]中华人民共和国建设部《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-2001)中国建筑工业出版社,2002.03
[8]中华人民共和国建设部《水利水电工程地质勘察规范》中国建筑工业出版社,1999.03
[9]王秉枕、陈曦等《地下水水质模型》辽宁科技出版社,1985.06
[10]徐开礼、朱志澄《构造地质学》地质出版社,2002.03
[11]王奎华、陈新民《岩土工程勘察》中国建筑工业出版社,2005.01
[12]薛禹群《地下水动力学》地质出版社,1997.09
[13]孙钊《大坝基础灌浆》中国水利水电出版社,2004.03
[14]《水文地质手册》河北省地质局水文地质四大队主编,地质出版社,1978.04
[15]《中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场增容改造勘察报告》(Ⅰ段、Ⅱ段、Ⅲ段、Ⅳ段、Ⅵ段),贵州有色地质工程勘察公司,2006.12
[16]《水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程》(SL31-2003)；
[17]丁坚平,毛健全,等.《扎塘赤泥库岩溶渗漏水动力弥散研究》[J].中国岩溶,1993,12(3)：215-22
[18]毛健全《钡渣的浸出淋溶试验及渣场防渗处理》[J].贵州化工,2000,26(71)： 26-29.
[19]丁坚平,毛健全,等《大干沟岩溶地下水磷污染评价》[J].贵州工业大学学报,2001,30(1)：16-19.
[20]丁坚平,毛健全,等《贵阳大坝地区岩溶地下水氟污染及其防治》[J].贵州环保科技,1998,4(3)：5-8.
[21]张英骏,缪钟灵,毛健全,章典,等《应用岩溶学及洞穴学》[M].贵阳：贵州人民出版社,85-91.
[22]孟宪彬《有色金属固体废物治理》[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1992.330-340.
[23]赵开珍,郑玉元《赤泥的固结排水抗剪强度》[J].贵州地质,1995,13(3)：280-286
[24]蔡良钧,毛健全,等《扎塘赤泥堆场岩溶渗漏及防渗处理》[J],X758；P642.5；P642.253
[25]中国地质调查局, 《中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所科研工作成果综述》2005
[26]林连丰等《环境水文地质学》[M].北京：地质出版社,1990
[27]韩行瑞等《岩溶水系统》[M].北京：地质出版社,1993
[28]李德等《运筹学[]M].北京：清华大学出版社,1982
[29]张卓元等编著《工程地质分析原理》,地质出版社,1981.
[30]中国科学院地质研究所《中国岩溶研究》,科学出版社,1979.
[31]杜恒俭,陈华慧,曹伯勋《地貌学及第四纪地质学》[M].北京：地质出版社.
[32]杨胜元,张建江等《贵州环境地质》,贵州科技出版社,2008.Z
[33]赵文强《地下水质污染模型综合评判法》[J].水文地质工程地质.1989.
[34]张咸恭《专门工程地质学》,地质出版杜,1988.
[35]王秉忱等《地下水污染地下水水质模拟方法》[M],北京师范学院出版社,1985.
[36]林学钰等《地下水运移数学模型手册》[M],吉林科学出版社,1985.
[37]鄢贵权,丁坚平等《贵州典型岩溶区地下水质系列模型》[J].贵州工业大学学报,1998,27(5)
[38]J.Bear著,李竞生等译.孙讷正校《多孔介质流体动力学》北京：中国建筑出版社1983
[39]《中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场增容改造岩溶防渗5#、6#库北侧、西侧、南侧段施工勘察及灌浆帷幕物探综合检测》贵州有色地质工程勘察公司,2008
[40]hao Kaizhell and Zheng Yuyuan, Shear—Resistance Strength of Red M ud after COnsOJjdatjO II and Drainage, GUIZHoU GEOLOGY,1996.
[41]Jennings,J.N."Karst"The M.I.T.Press 1971
[42]Wahlstrom,E.E."Dams.Dam Foundations and Reservoir Sites"Elsevier 1974
[43]VACLAV HALEK and JAN SEVEC, Groundwater Hydroulics, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1979.
[44]Ford, T.D. Cullingford,C.H.D. (editor) "The Science of Speleolgy" Academic Press 1976
[45]Garrels,R.M. Christ,C.L. "Solutions,Minerals and Equlibra" Harper and Row.1965
[46]Palmer,A.N. "The origin of maze caves." Natl.Speleol. Soc. Bull. Vol.37. No3 1975
[47]Ewers, Von Alfred "The patterns of speleogenesis in the Midwestern United States Karest" Proc. of 4th Conf. on Karst geol. And hydrol.1974.
[48]Ronald R.Dilamarter,Snador C.Csallany,Hydrologci Problens in Karst Regions.Wstern Kantucky Unirersity.1977
[49]White, W.B. "Conceptual models for carbonate aquifer" Ground Water Vol.7. No3.1969
[50]W.B.White,Role of Solution Kinetics in the Development of Karst Aquifers,Kars Hydrogeology.USA.1977.
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