中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场岩溶渗漏分析及防治研究
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摘要
贵州是岩溶较发育的地区,随着经济建设的发展,岩溶地区的工程建设项目愈来愈多。因此而引发的岩溶工程地质问题诸如岩溶渗漏、岩溶地基的稳定性、岩溶塌陷等越来越受到人们的关注。目前,虽然国内外有关专家学者在岩溶发育的条件、成因、机制、类型、影响因素、岩溶地形地貌、岩溶塌陷等方面进行了许多研究,取得了许多成果,但对工程岩溶渗漏防渗研究而言,则尚薄弱。
本文的研究区为中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场,它位于贵阳～遵义南北向构造带之次级构造：马家寺背斜近轴部附近,是一个典型的封闭的横向岩溶洼地。受白岩关断层、F。断层的影响,区内岩溶十分发育,峰丛之间一系列岩溶沟谷、落水洞、天窗及竖井等星落分布,构成极其复杂的地下水渗流网络。堆场内水位较西侧的长冲谷地高出120～200米,从水文地质的角度看,堆场内水位、谷地与邻谷地下水之间的关系属排泄型,为区内岩溶发育提供了有利条件,也为堆场内赤泥渗漏的防治带来极大的困难。同时,环境地质调查研究表明,赤泥堆场存在岩溶渗漏问题,对周边环境影响日趋明显,成为政府及民众关注的问题,因此,加强该地区赤泥堆场碱水的渗漏研究和治理,迫在眉睫。
本文在野外调查、勘探、测试的基础上,运用较新的岩溶地质基础理论,岩溶工程地质分析方法和探测技术,对赤泥堆场的岩溶进行了深入研究,取得以下主要认识与成果：
1、从宏观上对该区岩溶发育规律和特性进行了研究,认为赤泥堆场岩溶发育程度受地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和岩溶作用等因素的综合控制,随着各种地质因素的组合不同,形成了不同的岩溶现象。
2、通过综合勘察,分析研究了该赤泥堆场的工程地质特征,阐述了堆场的岩溶形态特征,总结和论述了该赤泥堆场岩溶发育的特性和规律,为兴建赤泥堆场提供了重要的科学依据。
3、通过对赤泥堆场场区进行岩溶渗漏试验,查明了该赤泥堆场岩溶渗漏的类型、途径和方向。在此基础上,对渗漏的影响作出了预测性评价。
4、对岩溶基础理论有了新的认识。当前岩溶评价的理论和方法,几乎都是以水平溶洞模式为基础的。通过对赤泥堆场工程岩溶的系统研究,改变过去钻探中遇到岩溶现象时都简单看成水平溶洞的观点,而是根据岩溶分带实际,阐明不同岩溶带的渗透规律,这对岩溶勘察评价和岩溶地基处理都具有重要意义。
5、对岩溶渗漏防治措施及其结果进行分析,认为赤泥堆场的岩溶渗漏治理措施切实可行,治理效果良好。同时也表明,只有通过综合手段进行科学地、认真进行调查研究、分析和总结,避开不利因素,充分地利用有利因素,查明碳酸盐岩溶区的工程地质、水文地质条件,采用合理的设计方案、选择合适的材料、采取可行的施工手段,才能取得较好的渗漏治理效果。
总之,本研究成果,不仅对中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场后期工程和当地的其它工程建设有直接指导意义和实用价值,对一般岩溶区的工程防渗研究与处置也有参考价值。
In Guizhou areas, karst is very developed. With the development of economic construction, the karst area's engineering construction projects are getting more and more. Therefore, the karst engineering geological problems caused such as karst seepage, karst foundation of stability and so on receive people's more and more attention. At present, although domestic and foreign experts and scholars have researched a lot in karst developmental condition, cause, mechanism, type, influencing factor, karst topography landform, karst collapse and so on, and have achieved many achievements, the research of karst seepage and anti-seepage project is still weak.
The article is focused on the research of red mud yard of Guizhou Branch of Chinalco, which is located nearby the axle center of Ma Jiasi anticline of proximate grade structure of Guiyang-Zunyi north and south structure belt and is a typical seal crosswise karst depression. Influenced by Baiyanguan fault and F3 fault, the karst growth is very intense. In the peak clump, it distributes fragmentarily a series of karst ditch, ponor, skylight, silo and so on which constitutes extremely complex network of groundwater seepage. The water level is heigher 120-200 meters than Changchong valley land which is over the west side of yard. From the hydrogeological point, groundwater's relationship among the yard water level, the valley land and the neighbouring valley land is excretion, showing the karst growth's convenience for this area, but bringing the red mud leakage's prevention enormous difficulty in the yard. The environment geologe investigation research indicated that the red mud yard has karst leakage question, which has obvious effct to the peripheral environment. It becomes the daily concern of the government and public. Therefore, the problem is too urgent to avoid enhancing the research and resolution.
This article using relative new basic theory of karst geology and karst engineering geology analysis method and detection techniques based on field investigation, exploration and testing, that has conducted in-depth research to this red mud yard's karst and made the following key results:
(1) Through researching karst developmental discipline and characteristic in the area macroscopically, I obtain that karst growth is comprehensively controlled by the factors of formation lithology, geologic structure, ground water, karst effect and so on, and different combinations of various factors form different karst phenomena.
(2) It provides important scientific basis to construct this red mud yard through comprehensive investigation, engineering geology characteristic analysed and studied, karst shape characteristic elaborated, karst growth characteristic and discipline summarized and elaborated.
(3) The influence has made the forecasting evaluation to the leakage based on experiment and the type, way and direction of karst leakage in this area.
(4) It has new understanding to the karst basic theory. At present, theory and method used karst evaluation is nearly all based on the level cave pattern. It's very meaningful for karst investigation evaluation and karst ground treatment by systematically researching project karst in the area which will change the viewpoint that regarded simply the karst phenomena in the drilling as the caves in the past
(5) I think it's practical and feasible for measure administering karst leakage, through analyzing and researching it and the rerult, and the administering result is great. Simultaneously, it also indicates that only through the synthesis method on scientifically and seriously investigation, study, analysis and summary, avoiding the disadvantage factor, making full use of the advantage factor, verifing the carbonate karst area's engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions, using the reasonable design proposal, choosing appropriate material, and adopting the feasible construction method, it could get well leakage treatmental rerult.
In brief, the results have not only direct guiding significance and practical value to the later project of red mud yard of Guizhou Branch of Chinalco and other local engineering construction, but also the universal significance and the promoted value to the common karst area. Therefore, this article has important theoretical and practical significance.
本文的研究区为中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场,它位于贵阳～遵义南北向构造带之次级构造：马家寺背斜近轴部附近,是一个典型的封闭的横向岩溶洼地。受白岩关断层、F。断层的影响,区内岩溶十分发育,峰丛之间一系列岩溶沟谷、落水洞、天窗及竖井等星落分布,构成极其复杂的地下水渗流网络。堆场内水位较西侧的长冲谷地高出120～200米,从水文地质的角度看,堆场内水位、谷地与邻谷地下水之间的关系属排泄型,为区内岩溶发育提供了有利条件,也为堆场内赤泥渗漏的防治带来极大的困难。同时,环境地质调查研究表明,赤泥堆场存在岩溶渗漏问题,对周边环境影响日趋明显,成为政府及民众关注的问题,因此,加强该地区赤泥堆场碱水的渗漏研究和治理,迫在眉睫。
本文在野外调查、勘探、测试的基础上,运用较新的岩溶地质基础理论,岩溶工程地质分析方法和探测技术,对赤泥堆场的岩溶进行了深入研究,取得以下主要认识与成果：
1、从宏观上对该区岩溶发育规律和特性进行了研究,认为赤泥堆场岩溶发育程度受地层岩性、地质构造、地下水和岩溶作用等因素的综合控制,随着各种地质因素的组合不同,形成了不同的岩溶现象。
2、通过综合勘察,分析研究了该赤泥堆场的工程地质特征,阐述了堆场的岩溶形态特征,总结和论述了该赤泥堆场岩溶发育的特性和规律,为兴建赤泥堆场提供了重要的科学依据。
3、通过对赤泥堆场场区进行岩溶渗漏试验,查明了该赤泥堆场岩溶渗漏的类型、途径和方向。在此基础上,对渗漏的影响作出了预测性评价。
4、对岩溶基础理论有了新的认识。当前岩溶评价的理论和方法,几乎都是以水平溶洞模式为基础的。通过对赤泥堆场工程岩溶的系统研究,改变过去钻探中遇到岩溶现象时都简单看成水平溶洞的观点,而是根据岩溶分带实际,阐明不同岩溶带的渗透规律,这对岩溶勘察评价和岩溶地基处理都具有重要意义。
5、对岩溶渗漏防治措施及其结果进行分析,认为赤泥堆场的岩溶渗漏治理措施切实可行,治理效果良好。同时也表明,只有通过综合手段进行科学地、认真进行调查研究、分析和总结,避开不利因素,充分地利用有利因素,查明碳酸盐岩溶区的工程地质、水文地质条件,采用合理的设计方案、选择合适的材料、采取可行的施工手段,才能取得较好的渗漏治理效果。
总之,本研究成果,不仅对中铝贵州分公司赤泥堆场后期工程和当地的其它工程建设有直接指导意义和实用价值,对一般岩溶区的工程防渗研究与处置也有参考价值。
In Guizhou areas, karst is very developed. With the development of economic construction, the karst area's engineering construction projects are getting more and more. Therefore, the karst engineering geological problems caused such as karst seepage, karst foundation of stability and so on receive people's more and more attention. At present, although domestic and foreign experts and scholars have researched a lot in karst developmental condition, cause, mechanism, type, influencing factor, karst topography landform, karst collapse and so on, and have achieved many achievements, the research of karst seepage and anti-seepage project is still weak.
The article is focused on the research of red mud yard of Guizhou Branch of Chinalco, which is located nearby the axle center of Ma Jiasi anticline of proximate grade structure of Guiyang-Zunyi north and south structure belt and is a typical seal crosswise karst depression. Influenced by Baiyanguan fault and F3 fault, the karst growth is very intense. In the peak clump, it distributes fragmentarily a series of karst ditch, ponor, skylight, silo and so on which constitutes extremely complex network of groundwater seepage. The water level is heigher 120-200 meters than Changchong valley land which is over the west side of yard. From the hydrogeological point, groundwater's relationship among the yard water level, the valley land and the neighbouring valley land is excretion, showing the karst growth's convenience for this area, but bringing the red mud leakage's prevention enormous difficulty in the yard. The environment geologe investigation research indicated that the red mud yard has karst leakage question, which has obvious effct to the peripheral environment. It becomes the daily concern of the government and public. Therefore, the problem is too urgent to avoid enhancing the research and resolution.
This article using relative new basic theory of karst geology and karst engineering geology analysis method and detection techniques based on field investigation, exploration and testing, that has conducted in-depth research to this red mud yard's karst and made the following key results:
(1) Through researching karst developmental discipline and characteristic in the area macroscopically, I obtain that karst growth is comprehensively controlled by the factors of formation lithology, geologic structure, ground water, karst effect and so on, and different combinations of various factors form different karst phenomena.
(2) It provides important scientific basis to construct this red mud yard through comprehensive investigation, engineering geology characteristic analysed and studied, karst shape characteristic elaborated, karst growth characteristic and discipline summarized and elaborated.
(3) The influence has made the forecasting evaluation to the leakage based on experiment and the type, way and direction of karst leakage in this area.
(4) It has new understanding to the karst basic theory. At present, theory and method used karst evaluation is nearly all based on the level cave pattern. It's very meaningful for karst investigation evaluation and karst ground treatment by systematically researching project karst in the area which will change the viewpoint that regarded simply the karst phenomena in the drilling as the caves in the past
(5) I think it's practical and feasible for measure administering karst leakage, through analyzing and researching it and the rerult, and the administering result is great. Simultaneously, it also indicates that only through the synthesis method on scientifically and seriously investigation, study, analysis and summary, avoiding the disadvantage factor, making full use of the advantage factor, verifing the carbonate karst area's engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions, using the reasonable design proposal, choosing appropriate material, and adopting the feasible construction method, it could get well leakage treatmental rerult.
In brief, the results have not only direct guiding significance and practical value to the later project of red mud yard of Guizhou Branch of Chinalco and other local engineering construction, but also the universal significance and the promoted value to the common karst area. Therefore, this article has important theoretical and practical significance.
引文
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[2]刘光尧.砂岩业页岩和泥岩的含水条件及含水层分类[J].水文地质工程地质期刊,1990,(5)：14-17.
[3]周志芳,王锦国.裂隙介质水动力学[M]第23页.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004年。
[4]Snow, D.T.Anisotropic permeability of fractured media[J].Water resources research, Vol.5,No6,1969.
[5]Withspoon,P.A.New approaches of problems of fluid flow in fractured rock mass[J]. Proc.22nd U.S.Symp.Rock Mech.,1981.
[6]Bear J, Tsang chin-Fu and Ghislain de Marsily.Flow and contaminant transport in fractured
rock[M].Academic Press,Inc. California,1993.
[7]Pbiknkob Π. B.Opa3BNTNN Π enpeccNOHHON BOP-OHKN BKapcoBb1x OOΠocTRx[J]. Π OK Π.AHCCCP,1956(1):109.
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