减少水牛XY精子分离过程中损伤的相关研究
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摘要
我国分离水牛XY精子的研究始于2002年,并已建立了一整套分离精子的技术体系,于2006年2月研究成功世界首例分离精子性别控制的试管水牛双犊。然而,精子在分离过程中经历了染色、高倍稀释、激光照射、高压、离心和冷冻解冻等因素的作用,其活力及在体内、外的受精能力受到影响。本研究是为了减少水牛精子在分离、冷冻过程中的细胞器损伤,提高分离精子的质量和体外受精生产胚胎的效率,从而在节约成本的同时获得最大的经济效益,为实现奶水牛产业化推广提供有力保障。研究分为四部分,其方法和结果如下：
研究一,对水牛精子在分离、冷冻过程中的运动特性、线粒体活性、质膜完整性及凋亡等精液品质相关参数进行系统分析,以了解水牛精子在分离、冷冻过程中不同阶段(新鲜、染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后)对精子细胞器损伤的程度,以便优化水牛精子分离程序。研究结果发现：(1)不同品种及个体的水牛精子在分离过程中不同阶段(新鲜、染色后、分离后和冷冻-解冻后)的精子运动参数变化的结果表明,分离、冷冻程序对水牛精子活力的相关参数(MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN)均有明显影响(p<0.05)；其中冷冻-解冻后的分离精子活力的相关参数(MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN)数值均显著降低(p<0.05),说明冷冻-解冻程序对分离精子的损伤最严重,影响了精子的运动特性。另外,品种和个体对水牛精子分离、冷冻中活力的影响程度亦不同(p<0.05)。(2)利用荧光显微镜检测水牛精子分离、冷冻过程对精子质量的影响,发现NL566水牛新鲜精子线粒体高膜电位百分率(83.50%Vs65.10%,59.38%)、质膜完整率(75.90%vs69.00%,58.66%)显著高于染色后和冷冻-解冻后的精子(p<0.05),而与分选后精子无显著差异(p>0.05)；NL566水牛新鲜精子经染色、分选和冷冻-解冻后凋亡率明显升高(8.56%vs13.99%,14.60%,22.73%)。结果表明,在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中,染色和冷冻-解冻会造成精子线粒体和膜损伤。NL3619和ML1005水牛精子分离冷冻过程对精子质量的影响,也得到了与NL566类似的结果。流式细胞仪检测结果与荧光显微镜一致。(3)荧光显微镜法和流式细胞仪法检测分离精子的线粒体活性(71.38%vs73.67%)、质膜完整性(69.25%vs69.49%)和凋亡率(15.05%vs19.51%)均无差异,表明这两种方法均能有效评估精子质量。(4)精子的线粒体活性、质膜完整性和凋亡间均具有相关性。
研究二,利用激光光镊拉曼光谱分析水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂类等大分子物质结构和含量的变化,探讨水牛分离精子的损伤机理,以便进一步优化分离、冷冻精子程序。研究结果发现：(1)随着水牛精子分离、冷冻程序的进行,对精子头部的拉曼光谱分析可知,精子细胞内的葡萄糖(926cm-1)和蛋白质(1129、1612、1633cm-1)含量明显提高,而脂类(1301、1661cm-1)含量明显降低；精子中段部的拉曼光谱分析可知,脂类(1299、1445、1654cm-1)含量明显降低,而糖原(936cm-1)和蛋白质(1125cm-1)含量明显提高,这可能与精子细胞器的损伤有关。且四个阶段精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这四个阶段的精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测新鲜、染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后精子的灵敏度和特异性基本>90%。(2)分离、冷冻过程中同一阶段,不同品种或同一品种不同个体的水牛精子的拉曼光谱检测结果发现,ML1005与NL566、NL3619相比,在染色后、分选后阶段精子的各物质含量略有不同,而在新鲜和冷冻-解冻后精子的各物质含量有明显变化,说明各个阶段对不同个体的水牛精子损伤程度也会有所差异。且三头水牛精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这三头牛的精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测NL566、NL3619和ML1005精子的特异性均>95%。
研究三,添加抗氧化剂在水牛精子分离、冷冻程序的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,以提高分离精子的质量。研究结果发现：(1)不同抗氧化剂27℃孵育1h、24h、48h、72h后,MLT组精子线粒体高膜电位百分率均显著升高(p<0.05),而PCB和IGF-I组仅在孵育72h后,精子线粒体高膜电位百分率显著升高(p<0.05),说明MLT、 PCB、IGF-I均具有一定的抗氧化作用。(2)分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,与对照组相比,均能在不影响质膜完整性和细胞凋亡的同时,显著提高冷冻-解冻后分离精子的线粒体活性(p<0.05)。(3)分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,检测染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后精子的拉曼光谱。结果表明,在冷冻稀释液分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I,冷冻-解冻后的分离精子的拉曼光谱除归属糖原(头部490cm-1；中段部936cm-1)和脂类(头部1300、1661cm-1；中段部1300、1445、1655cm-1)特征峰外,其它特征峰强度明显减弱；而在染色液、分离收集液分别添加NLT、PCB和IGF-I对染色后和分选后精子的拉曼光谱的特征峰变化不明显。另外,在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程各稀释液中添加抗氧化剂组与对照组的精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这两组精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测添加抗氧化剂组精子的灵敏度和特异性均>90%。
研究四,将添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I的分离精子应用于体外胚胎生产技术系统,以提高水牛分离精子生产性控胚胎的效率。结果发现：(1)水牛卵母细胞在添加有10%ECS+FSH(0.5μg/ml)+LH(5μg/ml)+E2(1μg/ml)+EGF(10ng/ml)的成熟液基础上再添加50μM Cysteamine+0.3mM Cystine体外成熟培养24h后,进行体外受精,其囊胚率显著高于对照组(30.9%vs17.2%)(p<0.05)。(2)上游法和精子洗涤法处理水牛分离精子体外受精后,二者的囊胚率分别为14.17%和19.33%,差异显著(p<0.05),说明采用精子洗涤法处理分离精子更有利于提高分离精子体外受精胚胎发育的效率。(3)添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I的分离精子分别进行IVF,囊胚率分别为27.21%、24.39%和21.62%,与对照组18.24%的囊胚率均有一定程度提高,且添加MLT和PCB分离精子的囊胚率与对照组差异显著(p<0.05)。其中添加MLT的分离精子效果最好,其体外受精的囊胚率与未分离冻精无显著差异(27.21%vs28.3%)(p>0.05)。说明通过优化分离程序中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液可以提高分离精子体外受精的发育能力,并且能达到未分离精子体外胚胎生产效率。
Studies on separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm by flow cytometry in buffalo have been conducted since2002in China. A system of technology for X and Y sperm separation has been established and a twin female calves was born following transfer of embryos from in vitro fertilization of oocytes with X sperm in February2006. However, evidence showed that the fertility of the sorted sperm was lower than the unsorted ones and this reduced fertility might be a consequence of the sorting process which might damage the sperm, including staining, high dilution, exposure to UV laser, high pressure, centrifugation, freezing and thawing etc. The objective of the present study was to make the process less damaging to sperm, by optimizing sperm sorting procedures, in order to improve sperm quality and efficient production of sex-preselected embryos. A series of experiments assorted in four parts was carried out in this study. The methods and results of these experiments were summarized as follows.
Part Ⅰ, motion characteristics, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity and apoptosis of buffalo spermatozoa from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process were examined in order to optimize the procedure of sorting sperm by flow cytometry.(1) Sperm motility descriptors (MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN) have significant effect with different breed and buffalo during flow-sorting process (p<0.05). Frozen-thawed sperm motility descriptors (MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN) were significant reduced (p<0.05), which frozen-thawed process induced crucial damage to sperm, compared to fresh, stained and sorted sperm.(2) Fluorescence microscope was used to investigate NL566buffalo sperm cells from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process. The results revealed that the percentages of spermatozoa with mitochondrial activity (65.10%,59.38%vs83.50%) and membrane integrity (69.00%,58.66%vs75.90%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the stained and frozen-thawed samples as compared to the fresh samples, but not in the sorted and fresh ones (p>0.05); the percentages of spermatozoa with apoptosis (13.99%,14.60%,22.73%vs8.56%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the stained, sorted and frozen-thawed samples as compared to the fresh samples. NL3619and ML1005buffalo sperm quality had the same results during flow-sorting process. In addition, the results of flow cytometry analysis were basically consistent with results of fluorescence microscope analysis.(3) Fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to evaluate sperm mitochondrial activity (71.38%vs73.67%), membrane integrity (69.25%vs69.49%) and apoptosis (15.05%vs19.51%), which two detection methods were not different.(4) There was a tight correlation among the sperm mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity and apoptosis.
Part Ⅱ, Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) was used to investigate buffalo sperm components including relative lipid, carbohydrates and protein from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process in order to optimize sperm sorting procedures.(1) During the flow-sorting process, mean Raman spectra of buffalo sperm-head was shown that sperm intracellular proteins (1129,1612,1633cm-1) and glucose (926cm-1) content was obviously high, but lipids content was reduced; mean Raman spectra of buffalo sperm-midpiece was shown that sperm intracellular glycogen (936cm-1) and proteins (1125cm-1) content was increased, but lipids (1299,1445,1654cm-1) content was decreased. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells from different phase. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of above90%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed sperm cells.(2) During the flow-sorting process, mean Raman spectra of ML1005compared with NL566and NL3619buffalo sperm-head were revealed that sperm components have obviously changed in fresh and frozen-thawed phase as compared to other phase. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells from different buffalo. The diagnostic specificity of above95%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of NL566, NL3619and ML1005sperm cells.
Part III, the effects on buffalo sperm quality of different antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I) supplementation to the semen extender were evaluated during the sex sorting process (stained, sorted and frozen-thawed phases).(1) The percentage of spermatozoa with active mitochondria in MLT groups at1h,24h,48h and72h was significantly higher than in the control (p<0.05), the percentage of spermatozoa with active mitochondria in PCB and IGF-I groups at72h was significantly higher than in the control (p<0.05). The results indicated that MLT, PCB and IGF-I could protect sperm against oxidative stress.(2) MLT, PCB and IGF-I could all improve frozen-thawed sexed-sperm mitochondrial activity without affecting sperm viability and apoptosis (p<0.05).(3) Biochemical changes in buffalo sperm were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy after sorting and freezing in different extenders (staining, collecting after sorting and freezing extender) supplement with different antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I). The intensity of Raman spectra from sperm frozen in media supplemented with different antioxidant substances were significantly weaker than for non-melatonin treated groups, except for intensity of significant Raman peak were assigned to glycogen (sperm-head490cm-1; sperm-midpiece936cm-1) and lipids (sperm-head1300,1661cm-1; sperm-midpiece1300,1445and1655cm-1). The intensity of Raman spectra from sperm stained and sorted in media supplemented with different antioxidant substances were not different compared to non-melatonin treated groups. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of above90%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of sperm cells from antioxidant groups and non-antioxidant group.
Part IV, sexed buffalo sperm treated with antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I) were used in the IVEP in this study to establish a system for efficient production of sex-preselected embryos.(1)50μM Cysteamine and0.3mM Cystine supplemented in the IVM medium including10%ECS, FSH (0.5μg/ml), LH (5μg/ml), E2(1μg/ml) and EGF (lOng/ml) could significantly boost blastocyst development following IVF with unsexed buffalo sperm, compared with control group (30.9%vs17.2%, p<0.05).(2) Sperm wash method on buffalo embryo produced by sexed sperm could significantly improve embryo development than swim-up method (p<0.05), blastocyst development rate was19.33%and14.17%, respectively.(3) The blastocyst rate after IVM/IVF with sperm respectively treated with MLT and PCB, was27.21%and24.39%, respectively, a significant increase from18.24%without antioxidant group (p<0.05). The blastocyst rate after IVM/IVF with sperm treated with IGF-I resulted in little improvement over control group (p>0.05). The results revealed that oocytes fertilized by sexed sperm treated with MLT had similar developmental competence to those fertilized by unsexed sperm in terms of blastocyst development rate (27.21%vs28.3%, p>0.05). These results indicate the antioxidant role of MLT, PCB and IGF-I in helping the sexed buffalo sperm against oxidative stress and subsequently enhance the developmental potential of IVF embryos.
研究一,对水牛精子在分离、冷冻过程中的运动特性、线粒体活性、质膜完整性及凋亡等精液品质相关参数进行系统分析,以了解水牛精子在分离、冷冻过程中不同阶段(新鲜、染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后)对精子细胞器损伤的程度,以便优化水牛精子分离程序。研究结果发现：(1)不同品种及个体的水牛精子在分离过程中不同阶段(新鲜、染色后、分离后和冷冻-解冻后)的精子运动参数变化的结果表明,分离、冷冻程序对水牛精子活力的相关参数(MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN)均有明显影响(p<0.05)；其中冷冻-解冻后的分离精子活力的相关参数(MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN)数值均显著降低(p<0.05),说明冷冻-解冻程序对分离精子的损伤最严重,影响了精子的运动特性。另外,品种和个体对水牛精子分离、冷冻中活力的影响程度亦不同(p<0.05)。(2)利用荧光显微镜检测水牛精子分离、冷冻过程对精子质量的影响,发现NL566水牛新鲜精子线粒体高膜电位百分率(83.50%Vs65.10%,59.38%)、质膜完整率(75.90%vs69.00%,58.66%)显著高于染色后和冷冻-解冻后的精子(p<0.05),而与分选后精子无显著差异(p>0.05)；NL566水牛新鲜精子经染色、分选和冷冻-解冻后凋亡率明显升高(8.56%vs13.99%,14.60%,22.73%)。结果表明,在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中,染色和冷冻-解冻会造成精子线粒体和膜损伤。NL3619和ML1005水牛精子分离冷冻过程对精子质量的影响,也得到了与NL566类似的结果。流式细胞仪检测结果与荧光显微镜一致。(3)荧光显微镜法和流式细胞仪法检测分离精子的线粒体活性(71.38%vs73.67%)、质膜完整性(69.25%vs69.49%)和凋亡率(15.05%vs19.51%)均无差异,表明这两种方法均能有效评估精子质量。(4)精子的线粒体活性、质膜完整性和凋亡间均具有相关性。
研究二,利用激光光镊拉曼光谱分析水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂类等大分子物质结构和含量的变化,探讨水牛分离精子的损伤机理,以便进一步优化分离、冷冻精子程序。研究结果发现：(1)随着水牛精子分离、冷冻程序的进行,对精子头部的拉曼光谱分析可知,精子细胞内的葡萄糖(926cm-1)和蛋白质(1129、1612、1633cm-1)含量明显提高,而脂类(1301、1661cm-1)含量明显降低；精子中段部的拉曼光谱分析可知,脂类(1299、1445、1654cm-1)含量明显降低,而糖原(936cm-1)和蛋白质(1125cm-1)含量明显提高,这可能与精子细胞器的损伤有关。且四个阶段精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这四个阶段的精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测新鲜、染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后精子的灵敏度和特异性基本>90%。(2)分离、冷冻过程中同一阶段,不同品种或同一品种不同个体的水牛精子的拉曼光谱检测结果发现,ML1005与NL566、NL3619相比,在染色后、分选后阶段精子的各物质含量略有不同,而在新鲜和冷冻-解冻后精子的各物质含量有明显变化,说明各个阶段对不同个体的水牛精子损伤程度也会有所差异。且三头水牛精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这三头牛的精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测NL566、NL3619和ML1005精子的特异性均>95%。
研究三,添加抗氧化剂在水牛精子分离、冷冻程序的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,以提高分离精子的质量。研究结果发现：(1)不同抗氧化剂27℃孵育1h、24h、48h、72h后,MLT组精子线粒体高膜电位百分率均显著升高(p<0.05),而PCB和IGF-I组仅在孵育72h后,精子线粒体高膜电位百分率显著升高(p<0.05),说明MLT、 PCB、IGF-I均具有一定的抗氧化作用。(2)分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,与对照组相比,均能在不影响质膜完整性和细胞凋亡的同时,显著提高冷冻-解冻后分离精子的线粒体活性(p<0.05)。(3)分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液中,检测染色后、分选后和冷冻-解冻后精子的拉曼光谱。结果表明,在冷冻稀释液分别添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I,冷冻-解冻后的分离精子的拉曼光谱除归属糖原(头部490cm-1；中段部936cm-1)和脂类(头部1300、1661cm-1；中段部1300、1445、1655cm-1)特征峰外,其它特征峰强度明显减弱；而在染色液、分离收集液分别添加NLT、PCB和IGF-I对染色后和分选后精子的拉曼光谱的特征峰变化不明显。另外,在水牛精子分离、冷冻过程各稀释液中添加抗氧化剂组与对照组的精子细胞的拉曼指纹图谱相似,仅峰值不同,从图形上无法有效识别这两组精子细胞。经优化的PCA-DFA预测添加抗氧化剂组精子的灵敏度和特异性均>90%。
研究四,将添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I的分离精子应用于体外胚胎生产技术系统,以提高水牛分离精子生产性控胚胎的效率。结果发现：(1)水牛卵母细胞在添加有10%ECS+FSH(0.5μg/ml)+LH(5μg/ml)+E2(1μg/ml)+EGF(10ng/ml)的成熟液基础上再添加50μM Cysteamine+0.3mM Cystine体外成熟培养24h后,进行体外受精,其囊胚率显著高于对照组(30.9%vs17.2%)(p<0.05)。(2)上游法和精子洗涤法处理水牛分离精子体外受精后,二者的囊胚率分别为14.17%和19.33%,差异显著(p<0.05),说明采用精子洗涤法处理分离精子更有利于提高分离精子体外受精胚胎发育的效率。(3)添加MLT、PCB和IGF-I的分离精子分别进行IVF,囊胚率分别为27.21%、24.39%和21.62%,与对照组18.24%的囊胚率均有一定程度提高,且添加MLT和PCB分离精子的囊胚率与对照组差异显著(p<0.05)。其中添加MLT的分离精子效果最好,其体外受精的囊胚率与未分离冻精无显著差异(27.21%vs28.3%)(p>0.05)。说明通过优化分离程序中的染色液、分离收集液和冷冻稀释液可以提高分离精子体外受精的发育能力,并且能达到未分离精子体外胚胎生产效率。
Studies on separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm by flow cytometry in buffalo have been conducted since2002in China. A system of technology for X and Y sperm separation has been established and a twin female calves was born following transfer of embryos from in vitro fertilization of oocytes with X sperm in February2006. However, evidence showed that the fertility of the sorted sperm was lower than the unsorted ones and this reduced fertility might be a consequence of the sorting process which might damage the sperm, including staining, high dilution, exposure to UV laser, high pressure, centrifugation, freezing and thawing etc. The objective of the present study was to make the process less damaging to sperm, by optimizing sperm sorting procedures, in order to improve sperm quality and efficient production of sex-preselected embryos. A series of experiments assorted in four parts was carried out in this study. The methods and results of these experiments were summarized as follows.
Part Ⅰ, motion characteristics, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity and apoptosis of buffalo spermatozoa from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process were examined in order to optimize the procedure of sorting sperm by flow cytometry.(1) Sperm motility descriptors (MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN) have significant effect with different breed and buffalo during flow-sorting process (p<0.05). Frozen-thawed sperm motility descriptors (MOT, PMOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, BCF, LIN) were significant reduced (p<0.05), which frozen-thawed process induced crucial damage to sperm, compared to fresh, stained and sorted sperm.(2) Fluorescence microscope was used to investigate NL566buffalo sperm cells from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process. The results revealed that the percentages of spermatozoa with mitochondrial activity (65.10%,59.38%vs83.50%) and membrane integrity (69.00%,58.66%vs75.90%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the stained and frozen-thawed samples as compared to the fresh samples, but not in the sorted and fresh ones (p>0.05); the percentages of spermatozoa with apoptosis (13.99%,14.60%,22.73%vs8.56%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the stained, sorted and frozen-thawed samples as compared to the fresh samples. NL3619and ML1005buffalo sperm quality had the same results during flow-sorting process. In addition, the results of flow cytometry analysis were basically consistent with results of fluorescence microscope analysis.(3) Fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to evaluate sperm mitochondrial activity (71.38%vs73.67%), membrane integrity (69.25%vs69.49%) and apoptosis (15.05%vs19.51%), which two detection methods were not different.(4) There was a tight correlation among the sperm mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity and apoptosis.
Part Ⅱ, Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) was used to investigate buffalo sperm components including relative lipid, carbohydrates and protein from different phase (fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed) of flow-sorting process in order to optimize sperm sorting procedures.(1) During the flow-sorting process, mean Raman spectra of buffalo sperm-head was shown that sperm intracellular proteins (1129,1612,1633cm-1) and glucose (926cm-1) content was obviously high, but lipids content was reduced; mean Raman spectra of buffalo sperm-midpiece was shown that sperm intracellular glycogen (936cm-1) and proteins (1125cm-1) content was increased, but lipids (1299,1445,1654cm-1) content was decreased. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells from different phase. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of above90%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of fresh, stained, sorted and frozen-thawed sperm cells.(2) During the flow-sorting process, mean Raman spectra of ML1005compared with NL566and NL3619buffalo sperm-head were revealed that sperm components have obviously changed in fresh and frozen-thawed phase as compared to other phase. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells from different buffalo. The diagnostic specificity of above95%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of NL566, NL3619and ML1005sperm cells.
Part III, the effects on buffalo sperm quality of different antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I) supplementation to the semen extender were evaluated during the sex sorting process (stained, sorted and frozen-thawed phases).(1) The percentage of spermatozoa with active mitochondria in MLT groups at1h,24h,48h and72h was significantly higher than in the control (p<0.05), the percentage of spermatozoa with active mitochondria in PCB and IGF-I groups at72h was significantly higher than in the control (p<0.05). The results indicated that MLT, PCB and IGF-I could protect sperm against oxidative stress.(2) MLT, PCB and IGF-I could all improve frozen-thawed sexed-sperm mitochondrial activity without affecting sperm viability and apoptosis (p<0.05).(3) Biochemical changes in buffalo sperm were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy after sorting and freezing in different extenders (staining, collecting after sorting and freezing extender) supplement with different antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I). The intensity of Raman spectra from sperm frozen in media supplemented with different antioxidant substances were significantly weaker than for non-melatonin treated groups, except for intensity of significant Raman peak were assigned to glycogen (sperm-head490cm-1; sperm-midpiece936cm-1) and lipids (sperm-head1300,1661cm-1; sperm-midpiece1300,1445and1655cm-1). The intensity of Raman spectra from sperm stained and sorted in media supplemented with different antioxidant substances were not different compared to non-melatonin treated groups. There were nearly no difference in molecular fingerprints, but besides the difference in the peak intensity among the sperm cells. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of above90%based on PCA-DFA, was achieved for classification of sperm cells from antioxidant groups and non-antioxidant group.
Part IV, sexed buffalo sperm treated with antioxidant substances (MLT, PCB and IGF-I) were used in the IVEP in this study to establish a system for efficient production of sex-preselected embryos.(1)50μM Cysteamine and0.3mM Cystine supplemented in the IVM medium including10%ECS, FSH (0.5μg/ml), LH (5μg/ml), E2(1μg/ml) and EGF (lOng/ml) could significantly boost blastocyst development following IVF with unsexed buffalo sperm, compared with control group (30.9%vs17.2%, p<0.05).(2) Sperm wash method on buffalo embryo produced by sexed sperm could significantly improve embryo development than swim-up method (p<0.05), blastocyst development rate was19.33%and14.17%, respectively.(3) The blastocyst rate after IVM/IVF with sperm respectively treated with MLT and PCB, was27.21%and24.39%, respectively, a significant increase from18.24%without antioxidant group (p<0.05). The blastocyst rate after IVM/IVF with sperm treated with IGF-I resulted in little improvement over control group (p>0.05). The results revealed that oocytes fertilized by sexed sperm treated with MLT had similar developmental competence to those fertilized by unsexed sperm in terms of blastocyst development rate (27.21%vs28.3%, p>0.05). These results indicate the antioxidant role of MLT, PCB and IGF-I in helping the sexed buffalo sperm against oxidative stress and subsequently enhance the developmental potential of IVF embryos.
引文
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