华沙体制的现代化及对我国航空业影响的研究
摘要
1999年5月28日，国际民航组织在加拿大蒙特利尔通过了《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》。该公约在最大程度上继承了华沙公约及其一系列补充修订文件的基础上，对华沙公约所规定的主要制度作了较大幅度的调整。
华沙公约是国际航空私法领域的主要国际法文件，在新公约取代华沙公约之后，航空承运人将面临着与以前相比有相当大的差别的国际航空运输私法环境。对于我国从事国际航空运输的航空公司来说，深入研究新公约可能对其产生的影响，并有针对性地采取相应的措施，无疑具有十分重要的意义。航空法具有国内法和国际法相统一的特点，由于航空事业的快速发展，当今各国的国内航空法律制度都基本上是与国际法律制度接轨的，虽然新公约的调整对象是国际航空运输，但它必然将影响到国内航空法律制度。从微观和宏观两个角度，充分认识新公约对我国航空运输业的影响，也可以为我国确定对此公约的政府立场提供决策参考。
国际航空运输从1929年到现在的70多年的时间里，发生了巨大的变化。为此，华沙公约经多次修改、补充，形成了今天的华沙体制。但国际航空界认为华沙体制与当前的国际航空运输现状仍有较大的差距，应使其现代化。可以说新公约是对以华沙公约为主的华沙体制的“扬弃”。要想正确理解新公约，必须对华沙公约、华沙体制及其现代化的进程的主要问题进行深入的研究，从而对新公约中不同于以往的法律制度有一个全面的、历史的认识。
The ICAO passed the Convention of Unifying Certain Rules of International Air Transport in May 28 1999.By a big margin, it made some adjustments to the major regulations in the Convention of Warsaw on its basis and a series of supplemented revision.
The Convention of Warsaw is a main regulation of civil law in the field of international air transport. After the new convention replaces the Convention of Warsaw, aviation will have a very different environment in the international air transport law. Therefore it is significant
for airlines of China engaged in the field to have a thorough study of the effect of this new convention and respond accordingly. It makes little difference between aviation law both home and abroad. Aviation laws and regulations of every country basically correspond to international laws and regulations due to the fast development of aviation transport. Although it makes some adjustments only in international aviation transportation, the new convention will inevitably affect the regulations and laws of aviation in our country. Therefore a micro and macro study of its influence will provide reference for Chinese government to decide her standing point on this
convention.
As great changes have happened to international aviation transportation in the seventy years since 1929,the Convention of Warsaw come into being as it is now after being modified and supplement many times. However it is believed by people of this field that the Convention of Warsaw still can't satisfy the needs of current situation. It is well to say that the new convention is to develop what is useful and discard what is not in the Convention of Warsaw. A current understanding of this convention involves a thorough research of the Convention of Warsaw and some major problems appeared the progress of modernization, so that we can have comprehensive and historical overview of the difference between the new convention and the former rules and regulations.
华沙公约是国际航空私法领域的主要国际法文件，在新公约取代华沙公约之后，航空承运人将面临着与以前相比有相当大的差别的国际航空运输私法环境。对于我国从事国际航空运输的航空公司来说，深入研究新公约可能对其产生的影响，并有针对性地采取相应的措施，无疑具有十分重要的意义。航空法具有国内法和国际法相统一的特点，由于航空事业的快速发展，当今各国的国内航空法律制度都基本上是与国际法律制度接轨的，虽然新公约的调整对象是国际航空运输，但它必然将影响到国内航空法律制度。从微观和宏观两个角度，充分认识新公约对我国航空运输业的影响，也可以为我国确定对此公约的政府立场提供决策参考。
国际航空运输从1929年到现在的70多年的时间里，发生了巨大的变化。为此，华沙公约经多次修改、补充，形成了今天的华沙体制。但国际航空界认为华沙体制与当前的国际航空运输现状仍有较大的差距，应使其现代化。可以说新公约是对以华沙公约为主的华沙体制的“扬弃”。要想正确理解新公约，必须对华沙公约、华沙体制及其现代化的进程的主要问题进行深入的研究，从而对新公约中不同于以往的法律制度有一个全面的、历史的认识。
The ICAO passed the Convention of Unifying Certain Rules of International Air Transport in May 28 1999.By a big margin, it made some adjustments to the major regulations in the Convention of Warsaw on its basis and a series of supplemented revision.
The Convention of Warsaw is a main regulation of civil law in the field of international air transport. After the new convention replaces the Convention of Warsaw, aviation will have a very different environment in the international air transport law. Therefore it is significant
for airlines of China engaged in the field to have a thorough study of the effect of this new convention and respond accordingly. It makes little difference between aviation law both home and abroad. Aviation laws and regulations of every country basically correspond to international laws and regulations due to the fast development of aviation transport. Although it makes some adjustments only in international aviation transportation, the new convention will inevitably affect the regulations and laws of aviation in our country. Therefore a micro and macro study of its influence will provide reference for Chinese government to decide her standing point on this
convention.
As great changes have happened to international aviation transportation in the seventy years since 1929,the Convention of Warsaw come into being as it is now after being modified and supplement many times. However it is believed by people of this field that the Convention of Warsaw still can't satisfy the needs of current situation. It is well to say that the new convention is to develop what is useful and discard what is not in the Convention of Warsaw. A current understanding of this convention involves a thorough research of the Convention of Warsaw and some major problems appeared the progress of modernization, so that we can have comprehensive and historical overview of the difference between the new convention and the former rules and regulations.
引文
1、著作图书文献
[1] 郑斌 《国际航空运输法》 1996年第1版 中国民航出版社
[2] 唐明毅 《现代国际航空运输法》 1999年3月第1版 法律出版社
[3] 王铁崖 《国际法》 1995年8月第1版 法律出版社
[4] 王利明、郭明瑞、方流芳《民法新论》(上)1988年7月第1版 中国政法大学出版社 P479-481
[5] 夏顺义 《中国民用航空专业法规概要》1995年5月第1版 中国民航出版社
[6] 曹三明 夏兴华 《民用航空法释义》(内部发行) 1996年2月第1版 辽宁教育出版社
[7] 杨长春 《国际货物运输公约逐条解释》 1999年12月第1版 对外经济贸易大学出版社
[8] 司玉琢等编著 《新编海商法学》1999年4月新1版 大连海事大学出版社
[9] 《现代汉语词典》 1983年1月第2版 商务印书馆 P1051
[10] 《罗马法》1983年12月第1版 群众出版社 P253—258
2、翻译图书文献
[1] E·博登海默 《法理学：法律哲学与法律方法》 邓正来译 1999年1月第1版 中国政法大学出版社 P325—326
[2] 詹宁斯、瓦茨修订 《奥本海国际法》 王铁崖等译 1998年4月第1版 中国大百科全书出版社
3、学术刊物文献
[1] Larry Moore "THE NEW MONTREAL LIABILITY CONVENTION, MAJOR CHANGES IN INTERNATIOAL AIR LAW:AN END TO THE WARSAW CONVENTION" 载 Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law spring 2001
[2] Tory A·Weigand "THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WARSAW CONVENTION AND THE NEW LIABILITY SCHEME FOR CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT" 载 Massachusetts Law Review(spring 2000)
[3] Blanca I·Rodriguez "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION LIABILITY LAW" 载 Journal of Air Law and Commerce winter 2000
[4] "Black's Law Dictionary" 5~(th) edit p, 411
[5] 参见 G.F. Fitzgerald:The Four Montreal Protocols to Amend Warsaw Convention Air Transport System. 载 Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 1976, p. 302～308。)
[1] 郑斌 《国际航空运输法》 1996年第1版 中国民航出版社
[2] 唐明毅 《现代国际航空运输法》 1999年3月第1版 法律出版社
[3] 王铁崖 《国际法》 1995年8月第1版 法律出版社
[4] 王利明、郭明瑞、方流芳《民法新论》(上)1988年7月第1版 中国政法大学出版社 P479-481
[5] 夏顺义 《中国民用航空专业法规概要》1995年5月第1版 中国民航出版社
[6] 曹三明 夏兴华 《民用航空法释义》(内部发行) 1996年2月第1版 辽宁教育出版社
[7] 杨长春 《国际货物运输公约逐条解释》 1999年12月第1版 对外经济贸易大学出版社
[8] 司玉琢等编著 《新编海商法学》1999年4月新1版 大连海事大学出版社
[9] 《现代汉语词典》 1983年1月第2版 商务印书馆 P1051
[10] 《罗马法》1983年12月第1版 群众出版社 P253—258
2、翻译图书文献
[1] E·博登海默 《法理学：法律哲学与法律方法》 邓正来译 1999年1月第1版 中国政法大学出版社 P325—326
[2] 詹宁斯、瓦茨修订 《奥本海国际法》 王铁崖等译 1998年4月第1版 中国大百科全书出版社
3、学术刊物文献
[1] Larry Moore "THE NEW MONTREAL LIABILITY CONVENTION, MAJOR CHANGES IN INTERNATIOAL AIR LAW:AN END TO THE WARSAW CONVENTION" 载 Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law spring 2001
[2] Tory A·Weigand "THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WARSAW CONVENTION AND THE NEW LIABILITY SCHEME FOR CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT" 载 Massachusetts Law Review(spring 2000)
[3] Blanca I·Rodriguez "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION LIABILITY LAW" 载 Journal of Air Law and Commerce winter 2000
[4] "Black's Law Dictionary" 5~(th) edit p, 411
[5] 参见 G.F. Fitzgerald:The Four Montreal Protocols to Amend Warsaw Convention Air Transport System. 载 Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 1976, p. 302～308。)