船舶经营人的识别及其法律地位
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摘要
在航运市场和航运技术迅速发展的今天,船舶经营方式也发生了重要的变革。航运实践中出现的船舶经营人也日趋复杂,因此,船舶经营人的识别问题成为海事司法实践中迫切需要解决的重要问题之一。尽管船舶经营人的概念早就出现于国际公约、各国海事立法以及我国法律法规中,但对于其具体含义却众说纷纭。同时,涉及船舶经营人的法律关系较为复杂,包括海事赔偿责任限制、船舶优先权、海上油污、海上安全等各个方面。船舶经营人的识别不仅影响到其本身的法律地位,对于船舶经营人的相对方的影响也是重大的。
本文运用历史分析、规范分析和比较分析的方法对船舶经营人的识别和法律地位进行了粗浅的研究。本文共分六个部分,第一部分简要说明了选题的目的和意义;第二部分从历史的角度入手研究船舶经营人的历史沿革和发展;第三部分通过借鉴大陆法系“商人”立法的几种模式,探讨“经营人”与“经营行为”的关系来分析如何从法律的角度定义船舶经营人,并提出一定程度上以经营范围识别船舶经营人的观点;鉴于实践中船舶经营方式的复杂性,本文第四部分对实践中常见的主体进行了分析,以探讨如何在实践中识别船舶经营人;第五部分分析了几类法律关系中船舶经营人的法律地位;本文的最后一部分得出结论,提出关于船舶经营人识别的立法建议。
As the market and technique of shipping are both developing rapidly, the management methods of shipping has been changed greatly. And the Ship Operator in shipping practice is becoming more and more complicated. So the identification of Ship Operator becomes one of the most important problems to be solved in maritime legal practice. Though the concept of Ship Operator has presented to International Conventions, Chinese maritime law and maritime law of other countries, its concrete meaning is defined quite differently. At the same time, the legal relationships of Ship Operator are quite complicated, including limitation of liability of maritime claims, maritime lien, oil pollution on the ocean and maritime safety, etc. The identification of Ship Operator not only affects its own legal status, but also affects its opponents.This thesis analyses the identification and legal status of Ship Operator roughly, use the following methods: historical analysis, standard analysis and comparative analysis. This thesis includes six parts. Part one is about why the author chose this subject and the significance of the subject. Part two analyses the historical development of the concept of Ship Operator from a historical aspect. Part three analyses how to define the Ship Operator from the legal point of view by the enlightenments of the legislation of "Businessman" of civil law system, and the relationship between "Operator" and "Operation". In this part, the author states that Ship Operator can be identified by "Business Scope" to some extent. In view of the complication of the management methods of shipping, Part four analyses some of the common subjects in the shipping practice, in order to find how to identify the Ship Operator in practice. Part five analyses the legal status of Ship Operator in some legal relationships. The last part of the thesis draws a conclusion and proposes the definition and identification of Ship Operator.
本文运用历史分析、规范分析和比较分析的方法对船舶经营人的识别和法律地位进行了粗浅的研究。本文共分六个部分,第一部分简要说明了选题的目的和意义;第二部分从历史的角度入手研究船舶经营人的历史沿革和发展;第三部分通过借鉴大陆法系“商人”立法的几种模式,探讨“经营人”与“经营行为”的关系来分析如何从法律的角度定义船舶经营人,并提出一定程度上以经营范围识别船舶经营人的观点;鉴于实践中船舶经营方式的复杂性,本文第四部分对实践中常见的主体进行了分析,以探讨如何在实践中识别船舶经营人;第五部分分析了几类法律关系中船舶经营人的法律地位;本文的最后一部分得出结论,提出关于船舶经营人识别的立法建议。
As the market and technique of shipping are both developing rapidly, the management methods of shipping has been changed greatly. And the Ship Operator in shipping practice is becoming more and more complicated. So the identification of Ship Operator becomes one of the most important problems to be solved in maritime legal practice. Though the concept of Ship Operator has presented to International Conventions, Chinese maritime law and maritime law of other countries, its concrete meaning is defined quite differently. At the same time, the legal relationships of Ship Operator are quite complicated, including limitation of liability of maritime claims, maritime lien, oil pollution on the ocean and maritime safety, etc. The identification of Ship Operator not only affects its own legal status, but also affects its opponents.This thesis analyses the identification and legal status of Ship Operator roughly, use the following methods: historical analysis, standard analysis and comparative analysis. This thesis includes six parts. Part one is about why the author chose this subject and the significance of the subject. Part two analyses the historical development of the concept of Ship Operator from a historical aspect. Part three analyses how to define the Ship Operator from the legal point of view by the enlightenments of the legislation of "Businessman" of civil law system, and the relationship between "Operator" and "Operation". In this part, the author states that Ship Operator can be identified by "Business Scope" to some extent. In view of the complication of the management methods of shipping, Part four analyses some of the common subjects in the shipping practice, in order to find how to identify the Ship Operator in practice. Part five analyses the legal status of Ship Operator in some legal relationships. The last part of the thesis draws a conclusion and proposes the definition and identification of Ship Operator.
引文
[1] http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/writ/index.php
[2] 司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[3] Philip Anderson. ISM Code.: LLP, 1978.
[4] http://www.imo.org/
[5] 李矗,李贵连.中外法学之最.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[6] 章深.北宋“元丰市舶条例”试析——兼论中国古代商品经济.广东社会科学.1995,5.
[7] The Bramley Moore. [1963]2 Lloyd's Rep. 429
[8] William Tetley. International Maritime and Admiralty Law: International Shipping Publications, 2002.
[9] 邱锦添.海商法.台湾:五南图书出版社 民国87年4月
[10] 赵伟.船舶经营人的识别及相关法律问题研究:(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学,2003.
[11] 佟柔等.中华法学大辞典.北京:中国检察出版社,1995.
[12] 司玉琢等.海商法大辞典:人民交通出版社,1998.
[13] 李海.船舶物权之研究.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[14] 桑德洛·斯契巴尼选编.丁玫译.契约与准契约之债.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998.
[15] 冯卓慧.罗马私法:陕西人民出版社,1998.
[16] Black Law Dictionary. 7th edition
[17] 韩立新 王秀芬编译.各国(地区)海商法汇编(下编).大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003.
[18] Colin De La Rue Charles B·Anderson. Shipping and The Environment. LLP, 1998.
[19] 司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[20] [1971]1 Lloyd's Rep. 145
[21] The I Congress del Partido [1977]1 Lloyd's 536, Nazym Khikmet [1996] 2 Lloyd's 362, Giuseppe Divittorio [1998] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 137
[22] [1981] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 153
[23] 英国德鲁里航运咨询公司.对船舶所有人的理解及其行业复杂性.中国海事.2005.
[24] 范健.德国商法:传统框架与新规则.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[25] 金邦贵译.法国商法典.北京:中国法制出版社,2002.
[26] 任先行,周林彬.比较商法导论:北京:北京大学出版社,2002.
[27] 赵万一.商法基本问题研究.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[28] 赵中孚.商法导论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[29] 范健.商法.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[30] 江平.新编公司法教程(第二版).北京:法律出版社,2003.
[31] 毛亚敏.公司法比较研究.北京:中国法制出版社,2001.
[32] 杨良宜.期租合约.大连:大连海事大学出版社:1997.
[33] 赵存寿.论船舶经营人的法律地位.http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/explore/exploreDetial.php?sId=13.
[34] 刘瑞仪,许椿.亚洲航运联营体的经营.中国海商法年刊,2004.
[35] 汤奇.船舶挂靠 遗患无穷.水运管理,2004
[36] 水上千之著,金贤淑译.船舶国籍与方便旗船籍.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2000.
[37] 徐孝先.论船舶经营管理人的法律地位.海商法年刊,1996.
[38] 朱曾杰.论无船承运人.中国海事:2003,10.
[39] 胡正良.船舶管理公司的法律地位与责任.世界海运,2004,6.
[40] A. M. C. 1984, 2123;Lloyd's R. 1984 2 304
[41] http://www.ccmt.org.cn/ss/news/show.php?cId=5866
[42] 杨立新.侵权法论.北京:人民法院出版社,2004.
[43] 傅旭梅.中华人民共和国海商法诠释.北京:人民法院出版社,1995.
[44] 王淑梅.从一起案件的审理看海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定.海商法研究第四辑.北京:法律出版社。2001.
[45] 祝默全,沈晓平.论完善我国海事赔偿责任限制程序制度.海商法年刊,2003.
[46] http://www.ttclub.com/ttclub/ttclub.nsf/HTML/ShipOperator
[47] 宋俊文.海上保险利益相关问题研究:(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学,2002.
[48] obert Grime. Shipping Law, 2nd ed. Sweet & Maxwell 1991. Butterworths Press, 1993.
[49] Halsbury's Laws of England. v. 43, 4th ed.
[2] 司玉琢.海商法.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[3] Philip Anderson. ISM Code.: LLP, 1978.
[4] http://www.imo.org/
[5] 李矗,李贵连.中外法学之最.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[6] 章深.北宋“元丰市舶条例”试析——兼论中国古代商品经济.广东社会科学.1995,5.
[7] The Bramley Moore. [1963]2 Lloyd's Rep. 429
[8] William Tetley. International Maritime and Admiralty Law: International Shipping Publications, 2002.
[9] 邱锦添.海商法.台湾:五南图书出版社 民国87年4月
[10] 赵伟.船舶经营人的识别及相关法律问题研究:(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学,2003.
[11] 佟柔等.中华法学大辞典.北京:中国检察出版社,1995.
[12] 司玉琢等.海商法大辞典:人民交通出版社,1998.
[13] 李海.船舶物权之研究.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[14] 桑德洛·斯契巴尼选编.丁玫译.契约与准契约之债.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1998.
[15] 冯卓慧.罗马私法:陕西人民出版社,1998.
[16] Black Law Dictionary. 7th edition
[17] 韩立新 王秀芬编译.各国(地区)海商法汇编(下编).大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003.
[18] Colin De La Rue Charles B·Anderson. Shipping and The Environment. LLP, 1998.
[19] 司玉琢.海商法专题研究.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[20] [1971]1 Lloyd's Rep. 145
[21] The I Congress del Partido [1977]1 Lloyd's 536, Nazym Khikmet [1996] 2 Lloyd's 362, Giuseppe Divittorio [1998] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 137
[22] [1981] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 153
[23] 英国德鲁里航运咨询公司.对船舶所有人的理解及其行业复杂性.中国海事.2005.
[24] 范健.德国商法:传统框架与新规则.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[25] 金邦贵译.法国商法典.北京:中国法制出版社,2002.
[26] 任先行,周林彬.比较商法导论:北京:北京大学出版社,2002.
[27] 赵万一.商法基本问题研究.北京:法律出版社,2002.
[28] 赵中孚.商法导论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[29] 范健.商法.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[30] 江平.新编公司法教程(第二版).北京:法律出版社,2003.
[31] 毛亚敏.公司法比较研究.北京:中国法制出版社,2001.
[32] 杨良宜.期租合约.大连:大连海事大学出版社:1997.
[33] 赵存寿.论船舶经营人的法律地位.http://www.ccmt.org.cn/hs/explore/exploreDetial.php?sId=13.
[34] 刘瑞仪,许椿.亚洲航运联营体的经营.中国海商法年刊,2004.
[35] 汤奇.船舶挂靠 遗患无穷.水运管理,2004
[36] 水上千之著,金贤淑译.船舶国籍与方便旗船籍.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2000.
[37] 徐孝先.论船舶经营管理人的法律地位.海商法年刊,1996.
[38] 朱曾杰.论无船承运人.中国海事:2003,10.
[39] 胡正良.船舶管理公司的法律地位与责任.世界海运,2004,6.
[40] A. M. C. 1984, 2123;Lloyd's R. 1984 2 304
[41] http://www.ccmt.org.cn/ss/news/show.php?cId=5866
[42] 杨立新.侵权法论.北京:人民法院出版社,2004.
[43] 傅旭梅.中华人民共和国海商法诠释.北京:人民法院出版社,1995.
[44] 王淑梅.从一起案件的审理看海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定.海商法研究第四辑.北京:法律出版社。2001.
[45] 祝默全,沈晓平.论完善我国海事赔偿责任限制程序制度.海商法年刊,2003.
[46] http://www.ttclub.com/ttclub/ttclub.nsf/HTML/ShipOperator
[47] 宋俊文.海上保险利益相关问题研究:(硕士学位论文).大连.大连海事大学,2002.
[48] obert Grime. Shipping Law, 2nd ed. Sweet & Maxwell 1991. Butterworths Press, 1993.
[49] Halsbury's Laws of England. v. 43, 4th ed.