农业主要病虫害监测预警系统通用平台的开发及初步应用
|
摘要
为了适应农作物病虫资料规范化、网络化、信息化的要求,以及各级农业相关部门人员日常工作的需要,本文采用计算机网络、数据库、专家系统、地理信息系统等技术,将农业主要病虫害的调查、数据传输与管理、预测预报和防治信息发布等功能集于一体,使用开源软件组合(Linux+Apache+PHP+MySQL)构建了基于Web的农业主要病虫害监测预警通用平台,旨在为农业病虫害防治提供及时、准确的信息服务。该系统包含数据管理模块、专家系统模块和模型库模块、预警模块和用户管理模块。本文主要获得了以下几项结果：
(1)病虫害数据管理系统
本文建立了一个基于Web的农业病虫害数据管理系统,旨在高效的管理和使用病虫害信息。系统能够处理病虫害数据的提交、审核、发布和生成图表。同时,Excel文件可以高效的导入导出,方便了植保工作人员,同时也实现了数据的集中管理,为病虫害的预测预报提供了很好的工具。
(2)通用的病虫害预测专家系统
本系统利用动态交互网页技术与关系数据库技术,用户可以通过利用存储了若干个预测专家知识库的系统与模拟专家思维的推理机进行交互。系统维护简单明了,可以实现动态数据添加与更改,具有良好的应用前景。
(3)通用的病虫害模型库管理系统
本系统通过采用面向对象方法建立了模型库管理系统,将模型通过面向对象的形式表示出来,并且通过PHP文件进行管理,支持在线的模型描述、运行和维护。该系统可以作为一个通用的病虫害预测预报模型管理系统。
(4)通用的病虫害预警平台
本系统实现了对动态的数据进行监测,并根据系统中的模型进行匹配,匹配成功后将警情信息发布到相应的用户手中。系统设计灵活、操作简单,可以作为通用的病虫害预警平台。
(5)通用的基于角色的用户权限管理系统.
系统能够灵活的赋予每一个用户或角色不同的权限,最大程度的限制了系统敏感数据的访问行为。
该系统的开发解决了目前农业病虫害管理和防治上遇到的信息共享困难,各地区数据分散和测报时效性差的问题,为农业病虫害测报决策支持系统的研制奠定了基础。
With the purpose of meeting the needs of the informationization, internetization and standardization of pest's data, and the demands of daily work of the plant protection, by using technology such as computer network、database and geographic information system, in order to mixing diseases and insect pests'survey、 data transmission and management、prediction and control information publishing in the same system, a web-based universal platform for monitoring and early warning system of main diseases and insect pests was built by the open source softwares(Linux+Apache+PHP+MySQL), its purpose is to provide timely and accurate information service for agricultural disease and pest control, it contains data management module,expert system module, model library module, early warning module and user management module. The main results were as follows:
1. Data management system of agricultural diseases and insect pests
A Web-based data management system of agricultural diseases and insect pests was built by the latest network programming technology for the effective management and use of various diseases and pests' information. It is able to process the data submission, review, publish, generate charts and statistics. Excel file can be efficiently used for import and export at the same time. It is convenient for plant protection worker, also has realized the centralized management of the information data, and provides a good prediction tool for agricultural diseases and insect pests.
2. General expert system for forcasting of diseases and pests.
This system uses dynamic and interactive web page technology and relational database technology, the user can interacte with this system which stores serveral prediction expert knowledge bases by the reasoning machine. System maintenance is simple and clear. The system can add or change the dynamic data and has a good application prospect.
3. General model management for diseases and insect pests.
A general model management system was built by object-oriented way. Each model in this system is described by PHP file. This system supports model description, operation and maintenance. And it can be used as a generic plant diseases and insect pests forecasting model management system.
4. General warning platform for diseases and insect pests.
This system has realized the dynamic monitoring for data, according the model match result, warning information will send to the user when the forecasting has finished. The system design is flexible and easy to use. The system can be used as a general platform for the plant diseases and insect pests of early warning.
5. General role-based user permission management system
This system can give each user or role different permissions, so that it can limit the sensitive data access behavior of the system for maximum protection. Development of this system solves the problems:management and information sharing difficulties, the areas scattered data and forcasting timeliness. It laid a foundation for development of decision support system for agricultural diseases and insect pests.
(1)病虫害数据管理系统
本文建立了一个基于Web的农业病虫害数据管理系统,旨在高效的管理和使用病虫害信息。系统能够处理病虫害数据的提交、审核、发布和生成图表。同时,Excel文件可以高效的导入导出,方便了植保工作人员,同时也实现了数据的集中管理,为病虫害的预测预报提供了很好的工具。
(2)通用的病虫害预测专家系统
本系统利用动态交互网页技术与关系数据库技术,用户可以通过利用存储了若干个预测专家知识库的系统与模拟专家思维的推理机进行交互。系统维护简单明了,可以实现动态数据添加与更改,具有良好的应用前景。
(3)通用的病虫害模型库管理系统
本系统通过采用面向对象方法建立了模型库管理系统,将模型通过面向对象的形式表示出来,并且通过PHP文件进行管理,支持在线的模型描述、运行和维护。该系统可以作为一个通用的病虫害预测预报模型管理系统。
(4)通用的病虫害预警平台
本系统实现了对动态的数据进行监测,并根据系统中的模型进行匹配,匹配成功后将警情信息发布到相应的用户手中。系统设计灵活、操作简单,可以作为通用的病虫害预警平台。
(5)通用的基于角色的用户权限管理系统.
系统能够灵活的赋予每一个用户或角色不同的权限,最大程度的限制了系统敏感数据的访问行为。
该系统的开发解决了目前农业病虫害管理和防治上遇到的信息共享困难,各地区数据分散和测报时效性差的问题,为农业病虫害测报决策支持系统的研制奠定了基础。
With the purpose of meeting the needs of the informationization, internetization and standardization of pest's data, and the demands of daily work of the plant protection, by using technology such as computer network、database and geographic information system, in order to mixing diseases and insect pests'survey、 data transmission and management、prediction and control information publishing in the same system, a web-based universal platform for monitoring and early warning system of main diseases and insect pests was built by the open source softwares(Linux+Apache+PHP+MySQL), its purpose is to provide timely and accurate information service for agricultural disease and pest control, it contains data management module,expert system module, model library module, early warning module and user management module. The main results were as follows:
1. Data management system of agricultural diseases and insect pests
A Web-based data management system of agricultural diseases and insect pests was built by the latest network programming technology for the effective management and use of various diseases and pests' information. It is able to process the data submission, review, publish, generate charts and statistics. Excel file can be efficiently used for import and export at the same time. It is convenient for plant protection worker, also has realized the centralized management of the information data, and provides a good prediction tool for agricultural diseases and insect pests.
2. General expert system for forcasting of diseases and pests.
This system uses dynamic and interactive web page technology and relational database technology, the user can interacte with this system which stores serveral prediction expert knowledge bases by the reasoning machine. System maintenance is simple and clear. The system can add or change the dynamic data and has a good application prospect.
3. General model management for diseases and insect pests.
A general model management system was built by object-oriented way. Each model in this system is described by PHP file. This system supports model description, operation and maintenance. And it can be used as a generic plant diseases and insect pests forecasting model management system.
4. General warning platform for diseases and insect pests.
This system has realized the dynamic monitoring for data, according the model match result, warning information will send to the user when the forecasting has finished. The system design is flexible and easy to use. The system can be used as a general platform for the plant diseases and insect pests of early warning.
5. General role-based user permission management system
This system can give each user or role different permissions, so that it can limit the sensitive data access behavior of the system for maximum protection. Development of this system solves the problems:management and information sharing difficulties, the areas scattered data and forcasting timeliness. It laid a foundation for development of decision support system for agricultural diseases and insect pests.
引文
1苏小姗,国家农业产业技术体系建设与发展：[博士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2012.0
2.张汉鹄,谭济才.中国茶树害虫及其无公害治理.合肥：安徽科学技术出版社,2004.
3.苗进.外源MeSA诱导茶树防御假眼小绿叶蝉机理的研究：[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业科学院,2008.
4李化.智能化玉米信息处理系统的设计与构建：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2003.
5.刘宝康,张学通,梁天刚.基于网络的农业专家系统研究进展及前景展望.草叶科学,2006,23(12)：42-47.
6.贾彪,贺春贵,钱瑾.植物保护专家系统的发展现状及应用前景.草原与草坪,2007,(4)：18-22.
7.吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统.长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1995.
8.耐格纳威斯基.人工智能-智能系统指南.顾立栩,沈晋惠,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
9.叶红,李龙澍.面向对象的农业专家系统建模与实现.微机发展,2006,6：19-22.
10.周汇.浅析农业专家系统开发及其在生产中的作用.西南农业学报,2003,3：117-121.
11.赵林峰,熊兴耀,高建亮.专家系统在我国农业上的应用.农业网络信息.2007,(4)：38-40.
12.刘莉,宜洋,李绍稳等.农业专家系统在作物病虫害预防中的应用.计算机与农业.2003.(5)：11-14.
13. Michalski, Davis R S., Bisht J H, et al. PLANT/ds:an expert consulting system for the diagnosis of soybean diseases. Proceedings of conference. Orsay, France:European Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1982.133-138.
14. Caristi, Scharen J., Sharp A L, et al. Development and preliminary testing of EPINFORM, an expert system for predicting wheat disease epidemics. Plant disease,1987,71 (12):1147-1150.
15. Roubal C., Rouzet J. Development and use of a forecasting model for Cydia pomonella. EPPO Bulletin,2003,33 (3):403-405.
16. Habermeyer J, Hoffmann GM.. Strategy and realization of introduction the plant-protection decision-model(IPS weizenmodell) against fungal diseases of wheat in the farming practice. Journal of plant diseases and protection,1994,101:617-633.
17. Tiilikkala K., Rantanen O., Widbom T, et al. GIS-based forecasting and monitoring of pests in Finland. SP Rapport-Statens Planteavlsforsog,1996,15:97-103.
18. Tiilikkala K., Ojanen H. Use of a geographical information system (GIS) for forecasting the activities of carrot fly and cabbage root fly. Bulletin OILB/SROP,1999,22 (5):15-24.
19. Hindorf H., Kraska T., Johnen A, et al. Disease forecast systems optimising fungicide application in Germany with special reference to PRO_PLANT. Friedrichroda, Thuringia, Germany:Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds II.12th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium,1998.61-67
20. Potter W D., Deng X., Li J, et al. A web-based expert system for gypsy moth risk assessment. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,27 (1-3):95-105.
21. MacLean D A., MacKinnon W E., Porter K B, et al. Use of forest inventory and monitoring data in the spruce budworm decision support system. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture.2000,28(2): 101-118.
22. Newe M., Meier H., Johnen A. proPlant expert.com - an online consultation system on crop protection in cereals, rape, potatoes and sugarbeet. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin,2003,33:443-449.
23. Petacchi R., Guidotti D., Rizzi I. Spatial data analysis in integrated pest management in olive growing. Acta Horticulturae,2002,586:835-839.
24. Daoliang Li, Zetian Fu, Yanqing Duan. Fish-Expert:a web-based expert system for fish disease diagnosis. Expert Systems with Applications,2002,23(3):311-320.
25.Zaid A H., Ahmed R., Ranga Rao G V, et al. Utilization of Intelligent Systems for Plant Protection Project Progress Report,2006.
26. Pavan W, Jose M C F., Rosa M V S. Web-Based System to True-Forecast Disease Epidemics Sisalert. Orlando, Florida, USA:Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources,4th World Congress Conference,2006.655-659.
27. Magarey R D., Fowler G A., Borchert D M. NAPPFAST:an internet system for the weather-based mapping of plant pathogens. Plant Disease,2007,91 (4):336-345.
28.周立阳,张孝羲.江淮稻区稻纵卷叶螟预测专家系统.南京农业大学学报,1996,19(3)：44-50.
29.杭小树,熊范伦.基于CBR的农作物病虫害预报专家系统.计算机工程与应用,2000,10：161-163.
30.柳小妮,蒋文兰.甘肃省草地蝗虫预测预报专家系统的研究与开发.草业科学,2004,21(12)：112-116.
31.徐云,梅红,林莉等.茶树病害诊断与防治专家系统研制.农业系统科学与综合研究.2003,19：93-94.
32.刘宝康,张学通,梁天刚.基于网络的农业专家系统研究进展及前景展望.草业科学,2006,23(12)：42-47.
33.贾启勇,高灵旺,李志红等.基于Web GIS的病虫害预测预报预警平台系统.中国植保导刊,2007,9：27-30.
34.张谷丰,朱叶芹,翟保平.基于WebGIS的农作物病虫害预警系统.农业工程学报,2007,34(2)：176-181.
35.李丽,李道亮,周志坚,等.径向基函数网络与WebGIS融合的苹果病虫害预测.农业机械学报,2008,39(3)：116-119.
36.王霓虹,缪天宇,王阿川.基于WebGIS的森林病虫害预测预报专家系统的设计与应用.东北林业大学学报,2008,36(1)：80-82.
37.刘明辉,沈佐锐,高灵旺等.基于WebGIS的农业病虫害预测预报专家系统.农业机械学报,2009,40(7)：180-186.
38.彭曙光,肖启明等,烟草病害诊断专家系统的建立与应用.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(3)：312-316.
39.汪辉进.茶树病虫害智能化防治专家系统研究与应用.安徽农业科学.2011,39：14410-14411.
40.陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发.北京：清华大学出版社,1994.
41.张治.DSS模型库管理系统设计[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(5)：38-42.
42, Dolk D R, Kottermann J E. Model Integration and a Theory of Models[J]. Decision Support Systems,1993,9(1):51-63.
43, Geoffrion A M. Structured Modeling:Surey and Future Research Directions[EB/OL]. http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/art.geoffrion/home/csts/,2007-1-26.
44, Gagliardi M, Spera C. Some New Results in Model Integration[A]. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences[C]. Wailea, HI, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press,1995.398-407.
45,李牧南,彭宏.基于Agent的模型表示与模型符合[J].计算机应用,2006,26(4)：891-894.
46.谢勇,王红卫.模型集成及其优化策略[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(1)：58-62.
47.邓建华,高国安.面向对象的模型库管理系统分析与设计[J].计算机工程与应用,1998,34(1)：38-39.
48. Du J, Zhou J, Xiao R. A Study of Object Oriented Techniques of Modeling Mechanism in Decision[A]. IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics[C]. Beijing:IEEE Computer Society Press,1996,175-180.
49.张学民,仝凌云,张闽.DSS中模型管理子系统的理论及构造研究[J].河北工业大学学报,1996,25(3)：51-55.
50. Kim H D. An XML-Based Modeling Language for the Open Interchange of Decision Models[J]. Decision Support Systems,2001,31(4):429-441.
51. Liu D, Stewart T J. Object-Oriented Decision Support System Modelling for Multicriteria Decision Making in Natural Resource Management[J]. Computers & Operations Research,2004,31(7):985-999.
52. Yeh A G, Qiao J J. ModelObjects-A Model Management Component for the Development of Planning Support Systems[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2005,29(2):133-157.
53.胡胜利,郑瑞娟.基于面向对象技术的DSS模型设计与实现[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1)：33-37.
54.李勇,肖智,陈玲.一类DSS方法库的可重用体系结构[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(3)：102-105.
55.黄梯云,李一军,周宽久.模型管理系统及其发展[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：57-63.
56. Ramirez R G, Ching C, St. Louis R D. Independence and Mappings in Model-Based Decision Support Systems[J]. Decision Support Systems,1993,10(3):341-358.
57.赛英,董宁,聂培尧.面向对象的模型库与数据库接口技术[J].计算机程序与设计,2007,28(1)：13-15.
58.贵州茶叶研究所.茶树主要病虫害的调查和测报方法.茶叶通讯,1957(1)：17-18.
59.黄志农.茶毛虫防治经验.茶叶,1958(1)：43-44.
60.司丽丽.基于GIS全国主要粮食作物病虫害实时监测预警系统的开发：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2006.
61.张谷丰,朱叶芹,翟保平.基于WebGIS的农作物病虫害预警系统.农业工程学报,2007(12)： 176-178.
62.罗清文.基于WebGIS的上海水稻主要病虫害预警信息发布系统的设计与实现：[硕十学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008.
63.罗菊花,黄文江,韦朝领等.基于GIS的农作物病虫害预警系统的初步建立.农业工程学报,2008(12)：127-131.
64.刘宇,刘万才,王雪锋.水稻重大病虫害数字化监测预警平台的设计与实现.中国植保导刊.2009(12)：5-6.
65.曾娟,刘万才,姜玉英.小麦重大病虫害数字化监测预警系统搞的建设与应用.中国植保导刊,2011(7)：36-37.
66. Li Nan, Wang Ruimei, Zhang jian, et al. Developing a knowledge-based early warning system for fish disease/health via water quality management. Expert systems with Applications,2009, 36(3):6500-6511.
67.任争毅,潘娟娟,顾沛雯等.设施园艺病虫害远程诊断与监控系统的构建.西北农业学报.
2010(19)：62-65.68. Chunjiang Zhao, Ming Li, Xinting Yang, et al. A data-driven model simulating primary infection probabilities of cucumber downy mildew for use in early warning systems in solar greenhouses. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,76(2):306-315.
69.刘小红,戴小鹏,刘海波等.基于WebGIS的水稻病虫害预警平台设计.农业灾害研究.2012(1)：6-8.
70.刘海波.基于WebGIS平台水稻病虫害预警关键技术研究与实现：[硕士学位论文].湖南：湖南农业大学,2012.
71.刘莉,宣洋,李绍稳等.农业专家系统在作物病虫害预防中的应用.计算机与农业,2003,5：11-14.
72.张孝羲.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京：中国农业出版社,1996.
73.刘明辉.基于WebGIS的农业病虫害预测预报专家系统：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2009.
74.张永梅,MySQL数据库技术在公民健康信息管理系统中的应用.
75.王筱芳.专家系统的研究与探讨.科技信息.2008,(9)：59-60.
76.殷富强.山西省智能化莜麦专家系统的研制：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2002.
77.丁朝霞.智能化农业信息技术的研究与应用开发：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2007.
78.温伟.基于地理案例的空间分析方法及应用：[硕士学位论文].太原：山东科技大学,2009.
79. Slade. S. Case-based reasoning:A research paradigm. AI Magazine,1991.42-55.
80. Barletta, R. An introduction to case-based reasoning. AI Expert,1991.42-49.
81. Helton, T. The hottest new AI technology-case-based reasoning. The spang robinson report on artificial intelligence,1991.7(8).
82.朱俊庆.茶树害虫[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社,1999：96-104.
83.陈俊.通用模型管理与服务系统研究与实现：[硕士学位论文].湖南：国防科学基数大学,2008.
84.黄梯云.智能决策支持系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
85.张志华.基于知识的决策模型选择：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2005.
86.韩柳欣, 王浣尘.决策支持系统构模理论研究现状及展望[J].管理科学学报.1999,2(3)：51-58.
87. Konsynki. Dolkand. Knowledge Representation for Model Management Systems[J]. IEEE Transctions on software engineering. Vol.SE-10, No.6, November 1984.
88. Blanning. An Entity-Relationship Approach to Model Managemen[J]. Decision Support System. 1986:5-72.
89. Basu R. W. Blanning. Model Integration Using Metagraphs[J]. Management Science.1998, 44(7):982-995.
90. Muhanna. W. R. A. Pick. Meta-Modeling Concepts and Tools for Model Management:A Systems Approach[J]. Management Science.1994,40(9):1093-1123.
91. Dutta A Basu A. An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Model Management in Decision Support Systems[J]. IEEE Computer.1984,17(9):89-97.
92.姚玉川,等.知识系统[M].大连：大连理工大学出版社.1988：33.
93. D. R. Dolk. A Generalized Model Management System for Mathematical Programming[J]. ACM Trans. Mathematical Software.1986,12:92-126.
94. Hub Soon-Young. Model Base Construction with Object-Oriented Constructs[J]. Decision Support System.1992,24.
95. Lenard. An Object-Oriented Approach to Model Management [J]. Proceeding of the 20th annual Havaii international conference on System Scence.1987.
96. Ma jian. An Object-Oriented Framework for Model Management[J]. Decision Support System. 1995:133-139.
97.陈文伟,决策支持系统及其开发[M].清华大学出版社,2013.
98. Kim HyoungDo. An XML-Based Modeling Language for the Open Interchange of Decision Models [J]. Decision Support System.2001,6.
99.赵银军,林清.面向对象的模型库管理系统研究.河北农业科学.2009,13(5)：141-143.
100.李道亮,傅泽田,温继文等.农业病虫害远程诊断与预警技术.北京：清华大学出版社,2010.
101.顾海兵,宏观经济预警研究：理论,方法,历史.经济理论与经济管理,1997,(4)：1-7.
102.张光宏.耕地预警初探[J].山区开发,2001,(9)：27-30.
103.张孝羲,李运臂.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京：农业出版社,1985,300-333.
104. Ferraiolo, D., Sandhu, R. S., Gavrila, S., Kuhn, R., and Chandramouli, R., Proposed NIST Standard for Role-Based Access Control, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, Vol.4, No,3,2001,pp.224-274.
105. Nyanchama, M. and Osborn, S., Access Rights Administration in Role-Based Security Systems, In IFIP WG 11.3 Databases Security,1994, pp.37-56.
106.朱俊庆.假眼小绿叶蝉等三种吸汁型害虫的测报技术.茶叶.2003,29(2)：109-110.
2.张汉鹄,谭济才.中国茶树害虫及其无公害治理.合肥：安徽科学技术出版社,2004.
3.苗进.外源MeSA诱导茶树防御假眼小绿叶蝉机理的研究：[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业科学院,2008.
4李化.智能化玉米信息处理系统的设计与构建：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2003.
5.刘宝康,张学通,梁天刚.基于网络的农业专家系统研究进展及前景展望.草叶科学,2006,23(12)：42-47.
6.贾彪,贺春贵,钱瑾.植物保护专家系统的发展现状及应用前景.草原与草坪,2007,(4)：18-22.
7.吴泉源,刘江宁.人工智能与专家系统.长沙：国防科技大学出版社,1995.
8.耐格纳威斯基.人工智能-智能系统指南.顾立栩,沈晋惠,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
9.叶红,李龙澍.面向对象的农业专家系统建模与实现.微机发展,2006,6：19-22.
10.周汇.浅析农业专家系统开发及其在生产中的作用.西南农业学报,2003,3：117-121.
11.赵林峰,熊兴耀,高建亮.专家系统在我国农业上的应用.农业网络信息.2007,(4)：38-40.
12.刘莉,宜洋,李绍稳等.农业专家系统在作物病虫害预防中的应用.计算机与农业.2003.(5)：11-14.
13. Michalski, Davis R S., Bisht J H, et al. PLANT/ds:an expert consulting system for the diagnosis of soybean diseases. Proceedings of conference. Orsay, France:European Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1982.133-138.
14. Caristi, Scharen J., Sharp A L, et al. Development and preliminary testing of EPINFORM, an expert system for predicting wheat disease epidemics. Plant disease,1987,71 (12):1147-1150.
15. Roubal C., Rouzet J. Development and use of a forecasting model for Cydia pomonella. EPPO Bulletin,2003,33 (3):403-405.
16. Habermeyer J, Hoffmann GM.. Strategy and realization of introduction the plant-protection decision-model(IPS weizenmodell) against fungal diseases of wheat in the farming practice. Journal of plant diseases and protection,1994,101:617-633.
17. Tiilikkala K., Rantanen O., Widbom T, et al. GIS-based forecasting and monitoring of pests in Finland. SP Rapport-Statens Planteavlsforsog,1996,15:97-103.
18. Tiilikkala K., Ojanen H. Use of a geographical information system (GIS) for forecasting the activities of carrot fly and cabbage root fly. Bulletin OILB/SROP,1999,22 (5):15-24.
19. Hindorf H., Kraska T., Johnen A, et al. Disease forecast systems optimising fungicide application in Germany with special reference to PRO_PLANT. Friedrichroda, Thuringia, Germany:Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds II.12th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium,1998.61-67
20. Potter W D., Deng X., Li J, et al. A web-based expert system for gypsy moth risk assessment. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,27 (1-3):95-105.
21. MacLean D A., MacKinnon W E., Porter K B, et al. Use of forest inventory and monitoring data in the spruce budworm decision support system. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture.2000,28(2): 101-118.
22. Newe M., Meier H., Johnen A. proPlant expert.com - an online consultation system on crop protection in cereals, rape, potatoes and sugarbeet. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin,2003,33:443-449.
23. Petacchi R., Guidotti D., Rizzi I. Spatial data analysis in integrated pest management in olive growing. Acta Horticulturae,2002,586:835-839.
24. Daoliang Li, Zetian Fu, Yanqing Duan. Fish-Expert:a web-based expert system for fish disease diagnosis. Expert Systems with Applications,2002,23(3):311-320.
25.Zaid A H., Ahmed R., Ranga Rao G V, et al. Utilization of Intelligent Systems for Plant Protection Project Progress Report,2006.
26. Pavan W, Jose M C F., Rosa M V S. Web-Based System to True-Forecast Disease Epidemics Sisalert. Orlando, Florida, USA:Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources,4th World Congress Conference,2006.655-659.
27. Magarey R D., Fowler G A., Borchert D M. NAPPFAST:an internet system for the weather-based mapping of plant pathogens. Plant Disease,2007,91 (4):336-345.
28.周立阳,张孝羲.江淮稻区稻纵卷叶螟预测专家系统.南京农业大学学报,1996,19(3)：44-50.
29.杭小树,熊范伦.基于CBR的农作物病虫害预报专家系统.计算机工程与应用,2000,10：161-163.
30.柳小妮,蒋文兰.甘肃省草地蝗虫预测预报专家系统的研究与开发.草业科学,2004,21(12)：112-116.
31.徐云,梅红,林莉等.茶树病害诊断与防治专家系统研制.农业系统科学与综合研究.2003,19：93-94.
32.刘宝康,张学通,梁天刚.基于网络的农业专家系统研究进展及前景展望.草业科学,2006,23(12)：42-47.
33.贾启勇,高灵旺,李志红等.基于Web GIS的病虫害预测预报预警平台系统.中国植保导刊,2007,9：27-30.
34.张谷丰,朱叶芹,翟保平.基于WebGIS的农作物病虫害预警系统.农业工程学报,2007,34(2)：176-181.
35.李丽,李道亮,周志坚,等.径向基函数网络与WebGIS融合的苹果病虫害预测.农业机械学报,2008,39(3)：116-119.
36.王霓虹,缪天宇,王阿川.基于WebGIS的森林病虫害预测预报专家系统的设计与应用.东北林业大学学报,2008,36(1)：80-82.
37.刘明辉,沈佐锐,高灵旺等.基于WebGIS的农业病虫害预测预报专家系统.农业机械学报,2009,40(7)：180-186.
38.彭曙光,肖启明等,烟草病害诊断专家系统的建立与应用.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,36(3)：312-316.
39.汪辉进.茶树病虫害智能化防治专家系统研究与应用.安徽农业科学.2011,39：14410-14411.
40.陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发.北京：清华大学出版社,1994.
41.张治.DSS模型库管理系统设计[J].河南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(5)：38-42.
42, Dolk D R, Kottermann J E. Model Integration and a Theory of Models[J]. Decision Support Systems,1993,9(1):51-63.
43, Geoffrion A M. Structured Modeling:Surey and Future Research Directions[EB/OL]. http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/art.geoffrion/home/csts/,2007-1-26.
44, Gagliardi M, Spera C. Some New Results in Model Integration[A]. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences[C]. Wailea, HI, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press,1995.398-407.
45,李牧南,彭宏.基于Agent的模型表示与模型符合[J].计算机应用,2006,26(4)：891-894.
46.谢勇,王红卫.模型集成及其优化策略[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(1)：58-62.
47.邓建华,高国安.面向对象的模型库管理系统分析与设计[J].计算机工程与应用,1998,34(1)：38-39.
48. Du J, Zhou J, Xiao R. A Study of Object Oriented Techniques of Modeling Mechanism in Decision[A]. IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics[C]. Beijing:IEEE Computer Society Press,1996,175-180.
49.张学民,仝凌云,张闽.DSS中模型管理子系统的理论及构造研究[J].河北工业大学学报,1996,25(3)：51-55.
50. Kim H D. An XML-Based Modeling Language for the Open Interchange of Decision Models[J]. Decision Support Systems,2001,31(4):429-441.
51. Liu D, Stewart T J. Object-Oriented Decision Support System Modelling for Multicriteria Decision Making in Natural Resource Management[J]. Computers & Operations Research,2004,31(7):985-999.
52. Yeh A G, Qiao J J. ModelObjects-A Model Management Component for the Development of Planning Support Systems[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2005,29(2):133-157.
53.胡胜利,郑瑞娟.基于面向对象技术的DSS模型设计与实现[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(1)：33-37.
54.李勇,肖智,陈玲.一类DSS方法库的可重用体系结构[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(3)：102-105.
55.黄梯云,李一军,周宽久.模型管理系统及其发展[J].管理科学学报,1998,1(1)：57-63.
56. Ramirez R G, Ching C, St. Louis R D. Independence and Mappings in Model-Based Decision Support Systems[J]. Decision Support Systems,1993,10(3):341-358.
57.赛英,董宁,聂培尧.面向对象的模型库与数据库接口技术[J].计算机程序与设计,2007,28(1)：13-15.
58.贵州茶叶研究所.茶树主要病虫害的调查和测报方法.茶叶通讯,1957(1)：17-18.
59.黄志农.茶毛虫防治经验.茶叶,1958(1)：43-44.
60.司丽丽.基于GIS全国主要粮食作物病虫害实时监测预警系统的开发：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2006.
61.张谷丰,朱叶芹,翟保平.基于WebGIS的农作物病虫害预警系统.农业工程学报,2007(12)： 176-178.
62.罗清文.基于WebGIS的上海水稻主要病虫害预警信息发布系统的设计与实现：[硕十学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008.
63.罗菊花,黄文江,韦朝领等.基于GIS的农作物病虫害预警系统的初步建立.农业工程学报,2008(12)：127-131.
64.刘宇,刘万才,王雪锋.水稻重大病虫害数字化监测预警平台的设计与实现.中国植保导刊.2009(12)：5-6.
65.曾娟,刘万才,姜玉英.小麦重大病虫害数字化监测预警系统搞的建设与应用.中国植保导刊,2011(7)：36-37.
66. Li Nan, Wang Ruimei, Zhang jian, et al. Developing a knowledge-based early warning system for fish disease/health via water quality management. Expert systems with Applications,2009, 36(3):6500-6511.
67.任争毅,潘娟娟,顾沛雯等.设施园艺病虫害远程诊断与监控系统的构建.西北农业学报.
2010(19)：62-65.68. Chunjiang Zhao, Ming Li, Xinting Yang, et al. A data-driven model simulating primary infection probabilities of cucumber downy mildew for use in early warning systems in solar greenhouses. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2011,76(2):306-315.
69.刘小红,戴小鹏,刘海波等.基于WebGIS的水稻病虫害预警平台设计.农业灾害研究.2012(1)：6-8.
70.刘海波.基于WebGIS平台水稻病虫害预警关键技术研究与实现：[硕士学位论文].湖南：湖南农业大学,2012.
71.刘莉,宣洋,李绍稳等.农业专家系统在作物病虫害预防中的应用.计算机与农业,2003,5：11-14.
72.张孝羲.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京：中国农业出版社,1996.
73.刘明辉.基于WebGIS的农业病虫害预测预报专家系统：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2009.
74.张永梅,MySQL数据库技术在公民健康信息管理系统中的应用.
75.王筱芳.专家系统的研究与探讨.科技信息.2008,(9)：59-60.
76.殷富强.山西省智能化莜麦专家系统的研制：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2002.
77.丁朝霞.智能化农业信息技术的研究与应用开发：[硕士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2007.
78.温伟.基于地理案例的空间分析方法及应用：[硕士学位论文].太原：山东科技大学,2009.
79. Slade. S. Case-based reasoning:A research paradigm. AI Magazine,1991.42-55.
80. Barletta, R. An introduction to case-based reasoning. AI Expert,1991.42-49.
81. Helton, T. The hottest new AI technology-case-based reasoning. The spang robinson report on artificial intelligence,1991.7(8).
82.朱俊庆.茶树害虫[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社,1999：96-104.
83.陈俊.通用模型管理与服务系统研究与实现：[硕士学位论文].湖南：国防科学基数大学,2008.
84.黄梯云.智能决策支持系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
85.张志华.基于知识的决策模型选择：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2005.
86.韩柳欣, 王浣尘.决策支持系统构模理论研究现状及展望[J].管理科学学报.1999,2(3)：51-58.
87. Konsynki. Dolkand. Knowledge Representation for Model Management Systems[J]. IEEE Transctions on software engineering. Vol.SE-10, No.6, November 1984.
88. Blanning. An Entity-Relationship Approach to Model Managemen[J]. Decision Support System. 1986:5-72.
89. Basu R. W. Blanning. Model Integration Using Metagraphs[J]. Management Science.1998, 44(7):982-995.
90. Muhanna. W. R. A. Pick. Meta-Modeling Concepts and Tools for Model Management:A Systems Approach[J]. Management Science.1994,40(9):1093-1123.
91. Dutta A Basu A. An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Model Management in Decision Support Systems[J]. IEEE Computer.1984,17(9):89-97.
92.姚玉川,等.知识系统[M].大连：大连理工大学出版社.1988：33.
93. D. R. Dolk. A Generalized Model Management System for Mathematical Programming[J]. ACM Trans. Mathematical Software.1986,12:92-126.
94. Hub Soon-Young. Model Base Construction with Object-Oriented Constructs[J]. Decision Support System.1992,24.
95. Lenard. An Object-Oriented Approach to Model Management [J]. Proceeding of the 20th annual Havaii international conference on System Scence.1987.
96. Ma jian. An Object-Oriented Framework for Model Management[J]. Decision Support System. 1995:133-139.
97.陈文伟,决策支持系统及其开发[M].清华大学出版社,2013.
98. Kim HyoungDo. An XML-Based Modeling Language for the Open Interchange of Decision Models [J]. Decision Support System.2001,6.
99.赵银军,林清.面向对象的模型库管理系统研究.河北农业科学.2009,13(5)：141-143.
100.李道亮,傅泽田,温继文等.农业病虫害远程诊断与预警技术.北京：清华大学出版社,2010.
101.顾海兵,宏观经济预警研究：理论,方法,历史.经济理论与经济管理,1997,(4)：1-7.
102.张光宏.耕地预警初探[J].山区开发,2001,(9)：27-30.
103.张孝羲,李运臂.昆虫生态及预测预报.北京：农业出版社,1985,300-333.
104. Ferraiolo, D., Sandhu, R. S., Gavrila, S., Kuhn, R., and Chandramouli, R., Proposed NIST Standard for Role-Based Access Control, ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, Vol.4, No,3,2001,pp.224-274.
105. Nyanchama, M. and Osborn, S., Access Rights Administration in Role-Based Security Systems, In IFIP WG 11.3 Databases Security,1994, pp.37-56.
106.朱俊庆.假眼小绿叶蝉等三种吸汁型害虫的测报技术.茶叶.2003,29(2)：109-110.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |