涝渍对三个树种生长及生理生化的影响
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摘要
应用室外盆栽土培试验方法,采用完全随机试验设计,从生长、光合特性、荧光动力学参数、特异蛋白质表达、孔隙度和渗漏氧等方面,研究了涝渍对落羽杉(Taxodium distichum)、乌桕(Sapium sebiferum)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)1年生实生苗的影响。研究成果对于揭示3个树种的耐涝机理、丰富耐涝理论以及耐涝树种的选择等均具有重要的意义。主要结论如下：
(1)涝渍处理显著地抑制了3个树种的生物量生长(落羽杉在部分渍水处理下生物量增加),但不定根的数量显著增加；从相对生长率来判断,落羽杉耐涝性最强,其次为乌桕,薄壳山核桃耐涝性最弱。
(2)涝渍处理下,3个树种的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)均显著降低,涝渍程度越强,其下降幅度越大。
(3)涝渍处理显著增加了3个树种根、茎和叶的孔隙度,落羽杉、乌桕、薄壳山核桃的根孔隙度分别增加了4.0%-15.0%、3.2%-8.3%和0.4%-3.0%,茎孔隙度分别增加了0.3%-9.6%、1.8%-9.3%和14.0%-17.7%,叶孔隙度分别增加了1.2%-7.7%、0.4%-4.3%和0.4%-3.0%。涝渍程度越深,孔隙度增幅越大；各树种孔隙度随涝渍时间的延长呈上升趋势。
(4)涝渍处理显著增加了落羽杉和乌桕根系的渗漏氧,这与孔隙度的变化相一致。涝渍程度也影响了落羽杉根系渗漏氧的多少,其中落羽杉在涝渍各阶段的渗漏氧值均为淹水处理>渍水处理>部分渍水处理。
(5)建立了一套相对适宜于3个树种叶片蛋白分析的电泳体系,经过SDS-PAGE及双向电泳分析,在落羽杉淹水、渍水、部分渍水和对照4个处理的叶片蛋白图谱所匹配的201个不同蛋白点中,有37个特异性表达蛋白点、41个特异性上调表达蛋白点；乌桕的4个处理叶片蛋白所匹配的223个不同的蛋白点中有38个特异性表达点和36个特异性上调表达蛋白点。
(6)综合比较分析表明,林木耐涝性与产生不定根的数量、孔隙度和渗漏氧以及特异性蛋白的表达有密切关系。
With the completely randomized experiment design, the outdoor bonsai soil culture experiment was conducted to study the influence of waterlogging on the one-year-old seedlings which is Taxodium distichum, Sapium sebiferum and Carya illinoensis from the aspects of the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, expression of specific proteins, porosity and radial oxygen loss under waterlogging treatment. The research result has a great significance to reveal the Waterlogging mechanism, enrich tree waterlogging theories and select waterlogging tree species. The main results were as follows:
1) Waterlogging treatments inhibited the biomass growth of the three species markedly (except the mild waterlogging treatment of Taxodium distichum), but the number of adventitious roots increased significantly. To judge from the relative growth of the three species, T. distichum showed the strongest waterlogging tolerance, followed by S. sebiferum and then C. illinoensis.
2) Waterlogging treatments significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Stomatal conductance (Gs) and Chla fluorescence maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the three tree species. The higher the degree of waterlogging is, the greater they decrease.
3) Waterlogging stress significantly increased porosity of root, stem and leaf of the three tree species. The porosity in root of T.distichum, S.sebiferum and C. illinoensis had increased by 4.0%～15.0%,3.2%～8.3% and 0.4%～3.0%, and 0.3%～9.6%,1.8%～9.3%,14.0%～17.7% in stem, and 1.2%～7.7%,0.4%～4.3%, 0.4%～3.0% in leaf, respectively. The higher the degree of waterlogging is, the greater the porosity increases. The porosity in the three tree species shows an up trend when the waterlogging time increases.
4) Waterlogging treatments significantly increased radial oxygen loss of T. distichum and S. sebiferum and it was consistent with the porosity. The degree of waterlogging treatment could also affected the level of root radial oxygen loss. Radial oxygen loss of T. distichum was flooding treatment> waterlogging treatment> mild waterlogging treatment.
5) Based on the establishment of a set of electrophoresis system suitable for the three tree species, leaf protein expression patterns were studied through SDS-PAGE and dimensional electrophoresis. There were 37 waterlogging stress-specific protein spots and 41 specific waterlogging stress-up-regulate protein spots in the 201 different spots, and there were 38 waterlogging stress-specific protein spots and 36 specific waterlogging stress-up-regulate protein spots in the 223 different spots which were matched with the four treatments of analysis system of T. distichum and S. sebiferum respectively.
6) Through comprehensive comparative analysis, it shows that tree waterlogging is closely linked to the number of adventitious roots, porosity and radial oxygen loss and the expression of specific proteins.
(1)涝渍处理显著地抑制了3个树种的生物量生长(落羽杉在部分渍水处理下生物量增加),但不定根的数量显著增加；从相对生长率来判断,落羽杉耐涝性最强,其次为乌桕,薄壳山核桃耐涝性最弱。
(2)涝渍处理下,3个树种的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)均显著降低,涝渍程度越强,其下降幅度越大。
(3)涝渍处理显著增加了3个树种根、茎和叶的孔隙度,落羽杉、乌桕、薄壳山核桃的根孔隙度分别增加了4.0%-15.0%、3.2%-8.3%和0.4%-3.0%,茎孔隙度分别增加了0.3%-9.6%、1.8%-9.3%和14.0%-17.7%,叶孔隙度分别增加了1.2%-7.7%、0.4%-4.3%和0.4%-3.0%。涝渍程度越深,孔隙度增幅越大；各树种孔隙度随涝渍时间的延长呈上升趋势。
(4)涝渍处理显著增加了落羽杉和乌桕根系的渗漏氧,这与孔隙度的变化相一致。涝渍程度也影响了落羽杉根系渗漏氧的多少,其中落羽杉在涝渍各阶段的渗漏氧值均为淹水处理>渍水处理>部分渍水处理。
(5)建立了一套相对适宜于3个树种叶片蛋白分析的电泳体系,经过SDS-PAGE及双向电泳分析,在落羽杉淹水、渍水、部分渍水和对照4个处理的叶片蛋白图谱所匹配的201个不同蛋白点中,有37个特异性表达蛋白点、41个特异性上调表达蛋白点；乌桕的4个处理叶片蛋白所匹配的223个不同的蛋白点中有38个特异性表达点和36个特异性上调表达蛋白点。
(6)综合比较分析表明,林木耐涝性与产生不定根的数量、孔隙度和渗漏氧以及特异性蛋白的表达有密切关系。
With the completely randomized experiment design, the outdoor bonsai soil culture experiment was conducted to study the influence of waterlogging on the one-year-old seedlings which is Taxodium distichum, Sapium sebiferum and Carya illinoensis from the aspects of the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, expression of specific proteins, porosity and radial oxygen loss under waterlogging treatment. The research result has a great significance to reveal the Waterlogging mechanism, enrich tree waterlogging theories and select waterlogging tree species. The main results were as follows:
1) Waterlogging treatments inhibited the biomass growth of the three species markedly (except the mild waterlogging treatment of Taxodium distichum), but the number of adventitious roots increased significantly. To judge from the relative growth of the three species, T. distichum showed the strongest waterlogging tolerance, followed by S. sebiferum and then C. illinoensis.
2) Waterlogging treatments significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Stomatal conductance (Gs) and Chla fluorescence maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the three tree species. The higher the degree of waterlogging is, the greater they decrease.
3) Waterlogging stress significantly increased porosity of root, stem and leaf of the three tree species. The porosity in root of T.distichum, S.sebiferum and C. illinoensis had increased by 4.0%～15.0%,3.2%～8.3% and 0.4%～3.0%, and 0.3%～9.6%,1.8%～9.3%,14.0%～17.7% in stem, and 1.2%～7.7%,0.4%～4.3%, 0.4%～3.0% in leaf, respectively. The higher the degree of waterlogging is, the greater the porosity increases. The porosity in the three tree species shows an up trend when the waterlogging time increases.
4) Waterlogging treatments significantly increased radial oxygen loss of T. distichum and S. sebiferum and it was consistent with the porosity. The degree of waterlogging treatment could also affected the level of root radial oxygen loss. Radial oxygen loss of T. distichum was flooding treatment> waterlogging treatment> mild waterlogging treatment.
5) Based on the establishment of a set of electrophoresis system suitable for the three tree species, leaf protein expression patterns were studied through SDS-PAGE and dimensional electrophoresis. There were 37 waterlogging stress-specific protein spots and 41 specific waterlogging stress-up-regulate protein spots in the 201 different spots, and there were 38 waterlogging stress-specific protein spots and 36 specific waterlogging stress-up-regulate protein spots in the 223 different spots which were matched with the four treatments of analysis system of T. distichum and S. sebiferum respectively.
6) Through comprehensive comparative analysis, it shows that tree waterlogging is closely linked to the number of adventitious roots, porosity and radial oxygen loss and the expression of specific proteins.
引文
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