用户名: 密码: 验证码:
幼儿基本体操锻炼对河北省学龄前儿童智力影响的实验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
未来社会是以科学化、信息化、国际化、多元文化快速变化为特征的世界。在这个高度智能型社会形态内,需要大批高度智能型人才,而早期智能教育正是实现这些条件的基本环节。近代脑科学的研究成果表明学龄前儿童正处在机体机能快速生长发育阶段,神经系统的各种刺激接受较快,是身体发育、大脑发育的一大高峰期,更是各种基本动作机能和习惯动力定型的时期,此阶段具有许多接受专门知识的关键期。幼儿早期教育决定一个人今后智力的发展水平。如果幼儿在生活的早期给孩子优越的早期教育,他们的智力就会得到惊人的发展。因而,由智能型早期教育取代知识型早期教育是时代功能及其历史积累的结晶,也是人类社会进入智能期的缩影。
     幼儿智力的开发已得到世界各国的重视。然而在我国的具体实施过程中,仍存在着一些问题。人们普遍将幼儿智力的发展等同于知识和技能的掌握,有的家长望子成龙心切,对孩子进行超负荷教育,使孩子整日处在背、写、算等活动中,缺乏锻炼、游戏的时间,神经总是处于紧张状态。殊不知科学适宜的体育锻炼对他们智力的开发和生长发育有着极为重要的意义。科学理论与实践也证明,运动是儿童智力、心理发展最重要的源泉和动力。儿童通过运动获得的“运动敏感”不仅有助于体力活动能力的发展和培养,有助于大脑神经系统发育及智力开发,而且有助于这种身心发展的领先地位保持终身。
     幼儿基本体操是在贯彻“体、智、德、美”全面发展的幼儿教育方针的基础上发展起来的幼儿体育领域中的一个新兴体育健身项目。此活动的开展受到了家长、社会的欢迎和支持,被各界人士誉为“造福子孙、公有当代、利在千秋”,改善二十一世纪我国国民体型体态、提高身心素
    
    幼儿基本体操锻炼对河北省学铃前儿责智力影响的实脸研究
    质个而发展的基础工程。因此也得到了社会各界科研人_卜的广泛关注,
    但就掌握的资米}·来看,就幼儿基木体操对幼儿身体{儿能、_身体形态、身
    体素质、身心发展等方面的积极影响做了很多的研究和阐述,对幼儿心
    理方面的研究不慎详尽,已见的资料大多是描述J性的研究,尤其在智力
    力‘面实验性的研究甚少,在幼儿基本体操对幼儿初力的影响方而缺乏有
    力的证据。
     木研究以河北省部分幼儿园中进行不同难度水平的幼儿荃本体操练
    习的幼儿为实验组(训练年限均为半年),并采用国际公认的“韦氏学前
    和学初智力量表”进行智力测验。对实验组和对照红{、实验组之间分别
    进行对比分析,并得出以下结论:从参加幼儿基木体操锻炼对幼儿三种
    卿商的对‘比分析卜看,实验tll.均价;丁几对照111.。在总刊商和操们智商方而
    具丫J一高度显一著性差异(I’<0.01);在汽语智商力一}盯无显著性大异(!”、0.()5)。
    尤其在五项操作分测验中就有四项:动物房、图l口峙卜缺、迷宫、木块图
    案分测验具有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。不同难度水、卜的幼儿基本体操
    锻炼对幼儿各方面智商影响程度不同,但无显著卞l几井异(P>0.05)。
     总之,幼儿基本体操锻炼能够促进幼儿各方而智力因索的发展,尤
    其对幼儿操作能力的影响较大;幼儿基木体操难度水平的高低对幼儿智
    力的影响不太明显。
Future society is the world of the characteristic that is with science, information, internationalization and multicultural fast variety. In social conformation with the high intelligence, it is in great need of the high talented, but the earlier period intelligence education realizes exactly these are conditional and basic to alleviate. The research result of modern age brain science expresses the ex-children in school age are placed in the stage that is fast in growth in function, nervous system of every kind of incitement accepts more quickly. It is a big high peak period of the growth in the body and brain. It is also a period that every kind of basic action function and habit motivity begin to design. The earlier period in infants' education decides an individual intellectual development level from now on. If the infants can be gained superior and earlier education, their intelligence will get the astonishing development. As a result, knowledgable education in earlier period is placed by intellectual ed
    ucation in earlier period. It is the crystal that is based on the function of that time and its historical accumulation.
    The intellectual development in infants has already got the values throughout the world. However, there are still some problems existing in our country during it is put into practice specifically. People are widespread to equal the development of the infants to mastery of knowledge and crafts manship. Some parents are eager to wish their children to become a useful person. They proceed to the children super burthen education, which makes the children be placed into the activities all day ,such as reading, writing and calculating. They are short of time that they can use to play games, so their nerve is always in the nervous fettle. However, they don't realize that scientific and condign exercise is extremely important and good for their intellectual development and growth. Sport is the most headspring and
    
    
    motivity of children's intelligence and mental development, which has been also proved by science. Sports sensitivity that children acquire from taking exercise is not only beneficial to the development and cultivation of the physical and movable ability, but also to growth of brain nervous system and intellectual development. What's more, it can keep the one-up position of the development that belongs to body and mind during all their life.
    Children's Basic Gymnnastics is a newly arisen athletics that is developed in the infants' athletic realm. And it is based on earring the infants, education policy and the strategy of taking exercise to keep fit to all the people. The activity which is carried out is given a warm welcome from parents and society. It is spoken highly of by people in different fields, such as "To bring benefit to the descendants, To be owned by contemporary public, To make everyone benefit from it forever". It is a basal project that can amelionate. the form and posture of china in the 21st centuty. It also can improve people's diathesis in every aspect at the same time. Therefore, it has got extensive concern from scientific research of people. But in regard to the data controlled, the active affect on the enginery, form, diathsis and development of some and mind has been made a lot of researches and explanations to the infants about Children's basic gymnastics. The research about infants' mentality is not very detailed. The following is mostly about descriptive research, especially experimental research in the intelligence is veiy few. The proof about Children's basic gymnastics has an effect on infants'intellectual influence is lacked.
    Using the infants of kindergarten in parts of Hebei probvince as experimental group (training time-limited in half a your) to take basic gymnastics practice in different difficulty levels, this research also adapts the internationally accepted "Wechsler Children Intellect Scale". It draws the following conclusions from the contrast between the experiment group and
    
    the contrastive group-these two varied difficulty groups:
    In the com
引文
[1] Levine.MD, Satzp. Middle childhood, development and dysfunction Baltimore[J], University Park Press, 1984
    [2] 任健生,婴幼儿心智能力发展运动处方[M],武汉出版社,2000,12
    [3] 赵寄石,学前教育论稿[M],南京师范大学出版社,2001,8
    [4] 方明,根深才能叶茂—谈幼儿家庭教育[M],北京师范大学出版社,2000,6
    [5],[7] 朱智贤著,儿童心理学[M],人民教育出版社,2001,5
    [6] 中国幼儿基本体操网,2003,2
    [8] R.J.斯滕伯格著,超越IQ—人类智力的三元理论[M],华东师范大学出版社,2001,5
    [9] 张力为、任未多主编,体育运动心理学研究进展[M],高等教育出版社,2000,2
    [10] 黄人颂主编,学前教育学[M],人民教育出版社,2002,1
    [11],[12] 朱智贤主编,心理学大辞典[M],北京师范大学出版社,1989,10
    [13] 李铮、姚本先主编,心理学新论[M],北京高等教育出版社,2001,6
    [14] 金瑜主编,心理测量[M],华东师范大学出版社,2001,8
    [15] 张洪书等,锦州市中小学生智力调查[J],中国学校卫生,1993,14(4)
    [16] 中国关心下一代委员会幼儿基本体操促进会编,幼儿基本体操科学研讨会文集(一至三册)[C],人民教育出版社,1990,6
    [17] 中国关心下一代委员会幼儿基本体操促进会编,幼儿基本体操科学论文选集(1991-1994)[C],人民教育出版社,1995,6
    [18] 中国关心下一代委员会幼儿基本体操促进会编,幼儿基本体操资料汇编(1995-1997)[C],人民教育出版社,1997,5
    [19] 中国关心下一代委员会幼儿基本体操促进会,幼儿基本体操评分规则[S],2000,1
    [20] 刘英主编,中国《3—6岁儿童健身方法》100例[M],北方妇女儿童出版社,2003,1
    [21] 国家体育总局科教司,中国关心下一代委员会编,中国36岁儿童体质现状研究[M],北京医科大学出版社,2002,4
    [22] 鲍灿星主编,成功从这里开始[M],2002
    
    
    [23] 刘英主编,中国幼儿基本体操[M],中国少年儿童出版社,1997,5
    [24] 李帅星主编,少儿增智体操[M],人民体育出版社,200l,11
    [25] 沈德立,脑功能开发的理论与实践[M],教育科学出版社,2001,6
    [26] 林崇德,智力的培养[M],浙江人民出版社,1998,5
    [27] 凌文拴、滨治世,心理测验法[M],科学出版社,1998,10
    [28] 戴海崎、张峰、陈雪枫,心理教育测量[M],暨南大学出版 1999,2
    [29] 郑雪主编,幼儿心理教育手册[M],暨南大学出版社,2000,7
    [30] 项灵羽主编,幼儿智力开发[M],中华工商联合出版社,2000,6
    [31] 林崇德主编,心理测量学[M],人民教育出版社,2001,3
    [32] (美)简.希利(Jane M.healy)著,明子等译,如何更聪明?—儿童 大脑发育与智力开发[M],知识出版社,2000,7
    [33] 刘文华、杨进发、陈会吕译,智育的奥秘—苏霍姆林斯基论智育[M],山西人民出版社,1988,2
    [34] 陆璇编著,应用统计[M],清华大学出版社,1999,12
    [35] 莫雷主编,教育心理学[M],广东高等教育出版社,2002,12
    [36] 教育部办公厅,幼儿园教育指导纲要(试行),教育部文件,2001,8
    [37] (美)Hildal.Jackman著,杨巍等译,早期教育课程—架起儿童通往世界的桥梁[M],中国轻工业出版社,2002,9
    [38] 谭星主编,幼儿园体育[M],北京大学出版社,2001,11
    [39] 卢平、刘海燕主编,幼儿基本体操ABC[M],湖南文艺出版社,2000,4
    [40] 李伟,素质教育在日本[M],天津社会科学出版社,2000,4
    [41] 国家体育总局,中华人民共和国教育部,2000年国民体质监测公报 [N],中国体育报,2001.11.7
    [42] [日]芝佑顺著,曹办薇译,因素分析法[M],人民教育出版社,1999,6
    [43] 张文彤主编,SPSS11.0统计分析教程(基础篇、高级篇)[M],北京希望电子出版社,2002,6
    [44] 俞继英等,基本体操练习对幼儿智力发展的影响[J],体育科学,2000.3 第20卷第2期
    [45] 褚跃德等,基本体操训练对幼儿某些心理特征的影响[J],北京体育大 学学报,1995.11,第18卷第4期
    [46] 厉丽玉,运动学习对4-6岁幼儿智力发展的影响[J],体育科学,
    
    2002,11,第22卷第6期
    [47] 张厚餐、王晓平,中国儿童认知能力的性别差异发展倾向:韦氏儿童智力量表结果分析[J],心理科学,1996,第19卷
    [48] 程灶火、王和平等,学龄儿童智力和适应行为的关系[J],中国心理卫生杂志,1997,第11卷第6期
    [49] 马俊杰 体操练习对学前儿童平衡能力发展的影响[J],上海体育学院学报,2001,5,第23卷第2期
    [50] 陈慧敏,身体运动与儿童智力开发[J],华南师范大学学报(社会科学版) 2000,12,第6期
    [51] 李爱荣,体育锻炼对记忆力影响的实验研究[J],安徽体育科技,2001,第2期
    [52] 张黛莺等,开发学龄前儿童运动和智力潜能的实验研究[J],体育科研2001,3,第22卷第1期
    [53] 管晓丽,儿童少年智力发育及影响因素调查分析[J],山东医科大学报(社会科学版),1997,第4期
    [54] 张继平,近二十年智力、智力测验及智商研究评述[J],饶师范学院学报 2002,2,第22卷第1期
    [55] 徐本力、梁洪波等,“全脑型体育教育模式”的理性思考—强化左侧肢体体与训练的教育学、社会学和体育学基础[J],上海体育学院学报,2001,8
    [56] 王深,我国运动智力研究的现状与发展趋向[J],福建体育科技,2000,2 第19卷第1期
    [57] 裴胜辉,谈儿童早期智力开发[J].黑龙江教育学院学报,2000第4期
    [58] 王鸿杰、李帅星等,右脑与儿童智力开发[J],京体育师范学院学报,1998,9,第10卷第3期
    [59] 邓岚,基本体操训练对幼儿心理发展的影响[J],体育科技,2001,2期
    [60] 丁俊武,中国学者对智力及运动智力的研究[J],世界华人体育研究,2001,12,第2卷第4期
    [61] 傅正军等,开发小学学龄儿童运动和智力潜能的实验研究[J],上海体育学院学报,2001,2,第25卷第1期
    [62] 顾伟文等,开发学龄前儿童精细动作和智力潜能的实验研究[J],
    
    安徽体育科技,2001第1期
    [63] 殷超等,试论幼儿体育健身的早期教育[J],世界华人体育研究,2002,6第3卷第2期
    [64] 郭小霄,运用体操教学发展7-12岁儿童动作协训能力的实验研究[J],西安体育学院学报,1997,9
    [65] 陈玉玲等,幼儿基本体操运动的发展与展望[J],兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2001,29(体育专辑)
    [66] 张秋艳等,对我国表演性幼儿基本体操开展现状的研究[J],南京体育学院学报,2002,4
    [67] 满恒贵等,浅谈幼儿基本体操的内容与分类[J],山东体育学院学报,1994,3
    [68] 马俊杰,体操练习对学前儿童平衡能力发展的影响[J],上海体育学院学报,2001,5
    [69] 王玉珠、方秋丽等,从素质教育的视角谈幼儿体育教育[J],上海体育学院学报,2002,2,第24卷第1期
    [70] 杜国成等,关于我国幼儿基本体操可持续发展的几点思考[J],浙江体育科学,2003,10,第25卷第5期

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700