基于R&D融资与配置优化的中国汽车产业自主创新研究
|
摘要
我国汽车产业经过多年发展,在产、销量等方面取得了举世瞩目的成就,成为国民经济支柱产业。但自主创新能力严重不足、核心关键技术缺失却成为制约我国汽车产业可持续发展的瓶颈。汽车产业自主创新尤其是新能源汽车核心技术创新要取得长足进展,诸多影响因素之中的关键在于R&D有效融资与资源有效配置。对我国汽车产业自主创新能力的国际比较与实证研究结果均表明,R&D融资与配置水平是影响我国汽车产业自主创新能力增长的核心因素。然而,一方面,就R&D融资而言,作为自主创新成果的知识产品的公共产品属性与作为R&D投入主体的企业的市场属性相矛盾使R&D融资市场失灵,再加之自主创新高投入、高风险、长周期的基本特征和作为R&D投入主体的政府的官员追求短期、稳定的经济回报的投资决策行为特征相矛盾,导致企业与政府都缺乏进行R&D投入的动力与积极性,造成R&D投入总量不足、投入增长缓慢、来源结构不合理,最终导致汽车产业R&D融资失效；另一方面,就R&D配置而言,科研申报立项活动的私属性与R&D配置的计划属性相矛盾使R&D配置计划模式失灵,再加之产学研联盟缺乏长效利益均衡机制和R&D配置结构失衡等原因,造成R&D配置过于分散、配置成效不明显等诸多问题,最终导致汽车产业R&D配置失效。
针对汽车产业R&D融资与配置存在的问题及其原因,一是要根据政府理性行为体假说、公共产品供给理论和政府干预理论,运用政府税收行为——开征研发税解决R&D融资市场失灵,并将征税所得专项支出用于汽车产业自主创新；同时通过创新政府官员绩效评价体系和发挥财政R&D“药引子”作用鼓励民间资本、金融资本投入自主创新活动,以确保汽车产业R&D有效融资。二是基于重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的汽车产业自主创新战略目标,要创新R&D配置模式,从科研立项—科技成果评定验收—科技成果转化的整个过程都要充分引入市场机制,遵循公平透明、竞争择优的原则进行；要构建产学研联盟长效利益均衡机制与研发人才产学研联合培养机制；要优化R&D配置结构,尤其是提高对基础研究和高校的R&D配置比重；要基于开征研发税构建核心关键技术R&D经费优先与保障机制,使R&D配置保证重点、全面均衡,确保汽车产业R&D有效配置。
全球能源与环境危机促使世界汽车技术更新换代朝清洁新能源尤其是电动汽车技术方向发展为发展新能源汽车带来重大战略机遇期。为抓住机遇、迎接挑战、抢占先机,论文提出由国务院统一领导,紧紧围绕清洁新能源尤其是电动汽车技术、产业、经济、管理与文化创新,组织实施国家新能源汽车自主创新工程,在全国范围内整合政产学研民的优势资源,创建新能源汽车自主创新平台体系,集中资源进行新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车技术创新,力争在新能源尤其是电动汽车核心关键技术领域取得若干突破性、跨越式自主创新成果,大幅度增强我国新能源汽车自主创新能力,抢占新一代汽车技术主导权、发展主动权与市场制高点。
这一研究的价值与意义集中体现在：论证了R&D融资与配置是我国汽车产业自主创新能力的核心影响因素；分析了我国汽车产业R&D融资与配置失效的原因及导致的问题,并提出了解决方案；原创性地提出了开征研发税解决汽车产业R&D融资市场失灵的构想；基于理性经济人批判创造性地提出了政府理性行为体假说及其具体内容；开拓性地提出了基于R&D有效融资与资源有效配置的国家新能源汽车自主创新工程的战略构想。
The domestic automobile industry has achieved great successes in output and selling amount and has become the pillar industry of national economy after many years'development. But, at the same time, low independent innovation ability and lacking core technologies have been the bottlenecks of domestic automobile industry's development. Financing and allocating fund in efficient ways are the most important factors for the independent innovation of domestic automobile industry, especially for achieving breakthrough innovation achievements in core technologies of new energy source automobile industry. The international compared research and empirical research of the independent innovation ability of automobile industry have improved that the level of R&D financing and allocation are the key actors of the increase of automobile industry independent innovation ability. However, on the one hand, as to R&D financing, the contradiction of the public article character of independent innovation's achievements and the marketing character of enterprises which are the main bodies of R&D investing leads to R&D financing is out of order of market, and the contradiction of the basic characters of enormous investing, high risk and long cycle of automobile industry independent innovation and the behavior character of chasing short economy benefit of government's leaders who are the other main bodies of R&D investing make both enterprises and governments lack motive and initiative to invest R&D fund. And this leads serious deficiency and slow increase of R&D fund for automobile industry, and at last, leads to R&D inefficiency financing. On the other hand, as to R&D allocation, the contraction between the private character of applying for research projects behaviors and the plan model of allocating R&D fund, and add up the reasons of too many R&D intuitions, relax relations between Industry-University-Institute, etc, lead to very scattered and unreasonable structure's R&D allocation, and make R&D inefficiency allocation.
In view of the problems of R&D financing and allocation of automobile industry, this paper carries out the policy suggestions as the following. Firstly, collecting R&D Tax, the government tax behavior, based on National Rational Actors Hypothesis, public goods supplying theory and government intervening theory, to solve the problem of inefficiency R&D market financing pattern, and allocating the whole financial fund based on collecting R&D Tax for domestic automobile industry independent innovation, and, at the same time, reforming governments'R&D allocation system based on reforming the evaluating system on the performance and efficiency of governments and enterprises'leaders and making full use of financial R&D fund's guiding function, etc, in order to guarantee automobile industry R&D Financing efficiency. Secondly, based on the target of automobile industry technology breakthrough in some important and core fields, innovating R&D allocating model by introducing market competing mechanism and obeying the rules of fair, opening and optimizing from choosing R&D subjects for financial aid to evaluating and acceptance R&D achievements to turning R&D achievements into productivity, and optimizing R&D allocating structure by increasing R&D fund to basic research and relative universities and colleges, and setting up the mechanism of prior to prove fund for core technology innovation, to improve R&D allocation efficiency.
It brings a great chance for new energy sources automobile, especially for electric vehicle industry technology innovation that the global energy sources and environment crisis make international traditional automobile technology turn to new energy sources automobile technology. In order to catch the chance to push domestic new energy sources automobile industry independent innovation, this paper suggests to carry out National New Energy Sources Automobile Independent Innovation Program based on collecting R&D Tax to accumulate R&D fund. Implement the program to establish National New Energy Sources Automobile Public Technology Independent Innovation Platform to organize Industry-University-Institute's superior R&D sources to research new energy sources automobile technology to do all one can to achieve some breakthrough technology innovations to increase new energy sources automobile independent innovation ability in a big degree to seize the leading role of technology innovation and initiative development of new energy sources automobile industry.
The value and meaning of the research are embodying a concentrated reflection as the following. Firstly, state that financing and allocating R&D fund in efficient ways are the most important factors for the independent innovation of domestic automobile industry, the basic reasons and solution of automobile industry inefficient R&D financing and allocation. Secondly, carry out the idea of collecting R&D Tax to solve the problem of inefficiency R&D market financing pattern for the first time. Thirdly, carry out Nation Rational Actors Hypothesis which is keeping with the demands of our time and society's development based on the criticism of Rational Economic Man. Finally, suggests to carry out National New Energy Sources Automobile Independent Innovation Program in view of the situation of energy sources crisis and environment crisis which have been becoming more and more serious.
针对汽车产业R&D融资与配置存在的问题及其原因,一是要根据政府理性行为体假说、公共产品供给理论和政府干预理论,运用政府税收行为——开征研发税解决R&D融资市场失灵,并将征税所得专项支出用于汽车产业自主创新；同时通过创新政府官员绩效评价体系和发挥财政R&D“药引子”作用鼓励民间资本、金融资本投入自主创新活动,以确保汽车产业R&D有效融资。二是基于重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的汽车产业自主创新战略目标,要创新R&D配置模式,从科研立项—科技成果评定验收—科技成果转化的整个过程都要充分引入市场机制,遵循公平透明、竞争择优的原则进行；要构建产学研联盟长效利益均衡机制与研发人才产学研联合培养机制；要优化R&D配置结构,尤其是提高对基础研究和高校的R&D配置比重；要基于开征研发税构建核心关键技术R&D经费优先与保障机制,使R&D配置保证重点、全面均衡,确保汽车产业R&D有效配置。
全球能源与环境危机促使世界汽车技术更新换代朝清洁新能源尤其是电动汽车技术方向发展为发展新能源汽车带来重大战略机遇期。为抓住机遇、迎接挑战、抢占先机,论文提出由国务院统一领导,紧紧围绕清洁新能源尤其是电动汽车技术、产业、经济、管理与文化创新,组织实施国家新能源汽车自主创新工程,在全国范围内整合政产学研民的优势资源,创建新能源汽车自主创新平台体系,集中资源进行新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车技术创新,力争在新能源尤其是电动汽车核心关键技术领域取得若干突破性、跨越式自主创新成果,大幅度增强我国新能源汽车自主创新能力,抢占新一代汽车技术主导权、发展主动权与市场制高点。
这一研究的价值与意义集中体现在：论证了R&D融资与配置是我国汽车产业自主创新能力的核心影响因素；分析了我国汽车产业R&D融资与配置失效的原因及导致的问题,并提出了解决方案；原创性地提出了开征研发税解决汽车产业R&D融资市场失灵的构想；基于理性经济人批判创造性地提出了政府理性行为体假说及其具体内容；开拓性地提出了基于R&D有效融资与资源有效配置的国家新能源汽车自主创新工程的战略构想。
The domestic automobile industry has achieved great successes in output and selling amount and has become the pillar industry of national economy after many years'development. But, at the same time, low independent innovation ability and lacking core technologies have been the bottlenecks of domestic automobile industry's development. Financing and allocating fund in efficient ways are the most important factors for the independent innovation of domestic automobile industry, especially for achieving breakthrough innovation achievements in core technologies of new energy source automobile industry. The international compared research and empirical research of the independent innovation ability of automobile industry have improved that the level of R&D financing and allocation are the key actors of the increase of automobile industry independent innovation ability. However, on the one hand, as to R&D financing, the contradiction of the public article character of independent innovation's achievements and the marketing character of enterprises which are the main bodies of R&D investing leads to R&D financing is out of order of market, and the contradiction of the basic characters of enormous investing, high risk and long cycle of automobile industry independent innovation and the behavior character of chasing short economy benefit of government's leaders who are the other main bodies of R&D investing make both enterprises and governments lack motive and initiative to invest R&D fund. And this leads serious deficiency and slow increase of R&D fund for automobile industry, and at last, leads to R&D inefficiency financing. On the other hand, as to R&D allocation, the contraction between the private character of applying for research projects behaviors and the plan model of allocating R&D fund, and add up the reasons of too many R&D intuitions, relax relations between Industry-University-Institute, etc, lead to very scattered and unreasonable structure's R&D allocation, and make R&D inefficiency allocation.
In view of the problems of R&D financing and allocation of automobile industry, this paper carries out the policy suggestions as the following. Firstly, collecting R&D Tax, the government tax behavior, based on National Rational Actors Hypothesis, public goods supplying theory and government intervening theory, to solve the problem of inefficiency R&D market financing pattern, and allocating the whole financial fund based on collecting R&D Tax for domestic automobile industry independent innovation, and, at the same time, reforming governments'R&D allocation system based on reforming the evaluating system on the performance and efficiency of governments and enterprises'leaders and making full use of financial R&D fund's guiding function, etc, in order to guarantee automobile industry R&D Financing efficiency. Secondly, based on the target of automobile industry technology breakthrough in some important and core fields, innovating R&D allocating model by introducing market competing mechanism and obeying the rules of fair, opening and optimizing from choosing R&D subjects for financial aid to evaluating and acceptance R&D achievements to turning R&D achievements into productivity, and optimizing R&D allocating structure by increasing R&D fund to basic research and relative universities and colleges, and setting up the mechanism of prior to prove fund for core technology innovation, to improve R&D allocation efficiency.
It brings a great chance for new energy sources automobile, especially for electric vehicle industry technology innovation that the global energy sources and environment crisis make international traditional automobile technology turn to new energy sources automobile technology. In order to catch the chance to push domestic new energy sources automobile industry independent innovation, this paper suggests to carry out National New Energy Sources Automobile Independent Innovation Program based on collecting R&D Tax to accumulate R&D fund. Implement the program to establish National New Energy Sources Automobile Public Technology Independent Innovation Platform to organize Industry-University-Institute's superior R&D sources to research new energy sources automobile technology to do all one can to achieve some breakthrough technology innovations to increase new energy sources automobile independent innovation ability in a big degree to seize the leading role of technology innovation and initiative development of new energy sources automobile industry.
The value and meaning of the research are embodying a concentrated reflection as the following. Firstly, state that financing and allocating R&D fund in efficient ways are the most important factors for the independent innovation of domestic automobile industry, the basic reasons and solution of automobile industry inefficient R&D financing and allocation. Secondly, carry out the idea of collecting R&D Tax to solve the problem of inefficiency R&D market financing pattern for the first time. Thirdly, carry out Nation Rational Actors Hypothesis which is keeping with the demands of our time and society's development based on the criticism of Rational Economic Man. Finally, suggests to carry out National New Energy Sources Automobile Independent Innovation Program in view of the situation of energy sources crisis and environment crisis which have been becoming more and more serious.
引文
[1]王元地,潘雄峰,刘凤朝.科技进步贡献率测算及预测实施研究.商业研究,2005,(5)：28-31
[2]钱皓.兰德公司与美国对华军事政策研究.国际观察,2005,(6)：19-26
[3]严成樑.政府研发投资与长期经济增长.经济科学,2009,(2)：45-59
[4]周煜,聂鸣.我国汽车产业R&D投资及创新绩效的动态博弈分析.汽车工程,2008,30(8)：725-729
[5]R R Nelson. The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research. Journal of Political Economy 1959,67(3):297-306
[6]K J Arrow. Incentives in public decision-making. Amsterdam Journal of Public Economics,1962,37(8):79-93
[7]C Richard Baker. Investigating Enron as Public Private Partnership. Accounting, Auditing& Account ability Journal.2003,16 (5):446-465
[8]阳立高,廖进中,柒江艺.财政扶持汽车产业自主创新研究——基于开征研发税的构想.财经理论与实践,2009,(4)：60-64
[9]Browyn H Hall. The Finance of Research and Development. NBER Working Paper,2002, (8):773-776
[10]Bond, Stephen, Dietmar, et al. Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany. NBER Working Paper,1999,(1):15-17
[11]Bronwyn H Hall. Financing R&D. working paper,2002, (1):26-32
[12]魏历.R&D融资理论：一个文献综述.理论与改革,2009,(4)：157-160
[13]吕玉芹.中小高科技企业R&D融资问题探讨.会计研究,2005,(4)：69-73
[14]金永红,奚玉芹,张立.风险投资与中小高科技企业R&D融资研究.上海企业,2006,(7)：36-39
[15]曹晓丽,陈海声,陈锦华,et a1.税收政策与高科技企业研发融资效率的关系分析.财会通讯(学术版),2006,(8)：126-128
[16]马凌,方德英,吴松岭,等.对河南省R&D资源配置的战略思考.河南科技,2005,(8)：10-11
[17]吴瑛,杨宏进.基于R&D存量的高技术产业科技资源配置效率DEA度量模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(9)：28-32
[18]吴林海,彭宇文,彭喜阳.基于三大研发主体、三大研发活动的国内外R&D经费配置比较研究.科学管理研究,2006,(10)：101-105
[19]Arrow K J. Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Inventive: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton. Princeton University Press,1968,168-170
[20]Carter Bloch. Frederic Mart eland Stromberg per "How Do Legal Differences and Learning Affect Financial Contracts". NBER Working Paper,2003, (2):93-97
[21]Mohnen P. International R&D spillovers and economic growth. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001,576-592
[22]Farrell R, S Gross Kopf. The efficiency of labor and capital in Australian manufacturing. Applied Economics,1985,20(3):243-261
[23]Prahalad C k. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, General,1991,120(3):253-281
[24]Stigritz. A Model of Technical Inefficiency Effects in Stochastic Frontier Production for Panel Data. Empirical Economics,1992,28 (4):325-332
[25]OECD. Main science and technology indicators. Paris, Paris University Press, 2002,79-83
[26]Solow R M. Technical change and aggregate production function. Review of Economics and Statistics,1957, (3):39-41
[27]Solow R M. Growth theory:an exposition. New York:Oxford University Press, 2000,231-254
[28]Romer P. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 1990,98(1),71-102
[29]Grossman, Helpman E. Quality ladders and product cycles. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(6):557-586
[30]Aghion P, Howitt P. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1988,54-59
[31]Arrow K J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic Studies,1962,29(5):623-631
[32]Cohen W, D Levinthal. Innovation and learning:The two faces of R&D. Economic Journal,1989,99(5):569-596
[33]Coe D, E Helpman. International R&D spillovers. European Economic Review, 1995,39(10):859-887
[34]Scully, Gerald W. The Institutional Framework and Economic Development. Journal of Political Economy,1988,96(7):652-662
[35]Schumpeter. Economy Development Theory. Washington:Business Press,1912,
[36]丘海雄,徐建牛.产业集群技术创新中的地方政府行为.管理世界,2004,(10)：36-46
[37]Grossman G M, Helpman E. Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994, (1):23-44
[38]Aghion P, P Howitt. A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction.1992,60 (4):323-351
[39]柳卸林.管理范式的转变—从生产型到技术创新.中国软科学,1997,(2)：28-33
[40]刘凤朝.基于集对分析法的区域自主创新能力评价研究.中国软科学,2005,(11)：83-92
[41]Kim Linsu. Imitation to innovation:The dynamics of Korea's technological learning. Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1997,156-167
[42]Lee K, Lim C. Technological regimes, catching up and leapfrogging:Findings from Korean industries. Research Policy,2001,30 (4):459-483
[43]Christensen C. The innovator's dilemma:When new technologies cause great firms to fail.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1997,479-487
[44]Stieglitz J E. Economics of the Public Sector. Norton, New York Press,1988, 76-79
[45]刘易斯.经济增长理论.上海：上海人民出版社,1994,12-81
[46]Mansfield. Taxation, Technology and Canada's Competitiveness. Choices,2003, 4(1):23-27
[47]Hall B H, J Van Reenen. How effective are fiscal incentives for R&D:A review of the evidence. Research Policy,2002, (9):79-94
[48]Guellec Van. Pottelsberghe, Universities and Innovation in Space. Industry and Innovation,2007, (2):201-218
[49]吴秀波.论促进汽车产业自主创新的税收政策.汽车工业研究,2006,(7)：6-10
[50]黄鲁成,张红彩,王彤.我国研发支出的影响因素分析.研究与发展管理,2005,(6)：90-95
[51]张桂玲,左浩泓.对我国现行科技税收激励政策的归纳分析.2005,(3)：37-39
[52]孙晓峰.自主创新财政支持的理论基础与政策选择.财经问题研究,2008,(6)：78-84
[53]安体富.当前世界减税趋势与中国税收政策改革.经济研究,2002,(2)：1-17
[54]杨沿平,唐杰,周俊.我国汽车产业自主创新现状、问题及对策研究.中国软 科学,2006,(3)：11-16
[55]陈光祖.把握好汽车产业自主创新的“三个时间差”.汽车与配件,2007,(6)：16-17
[56]郭孔辉.汽车产业自主创新的“根”在文化.光明日报,2007-2-12
[57]邵奇惠.自主创新是中国走向汽车强国的必然选择.汽车工业研究,2006,(1)：2-5
[58]钟志华.汽车：中国创造时不我待.人民日报,2006-9-27
[59]胡树华,刘磊.国内外R&D管理比较研究及对中国科技资源配置的启示.科学学研究,2000,(3)：62-66
[60]石定环.汽车产业自主创新面临的机遇与挑战.汽车工程,2005,(4)：59-61
[61]欧阳明高.我国节能与新能源汽车发展战略与对策.汽车工程,2006,(4)：317-321
[62]冯飞.鼓励和推进节能环保汽车的发展.交通世界(运输.车辆)2007,(10)：78-81
[63]丁悦.自主创新、多元化经营与竞争博弈——基于中国汽车工业发展问题的思考.科技进步与对策,2008,(8)：93-95
[64]金碚,边恕.经济增长与技术进步——对战后日本技术引进的思考.日本研究,2001,(3)：32-40
[65]陈长年.向汽车制造强国转变的战略基础：汽车制造装备自主创新.中国制造业信息化,2006,(3)：63-65
[66]朱芳平,李磊.两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究.经济研究,2006,(3)：36-47
[67]李京文.发展我国汽车产业的政策与思路.中国流通经济,2006,(4)：4-8
[68]陈劲,陈钰芬,余芳珍.FDI对促进我国区域创新能力的影响.科研管理,2007,(1)：7-13
[69]黄烨菁.开放条件下的技术进步——从技术引进到自主创新.世界经济,2008,(6)：35-42
[70]杨沿平,雷飞,周俊.体制创新与技术创新提高我国汽车产业自主创新能力.汽车工程,2007,(2)：93-96
[71]李书福.加大保护和扶持中国本土汽车品牌的力度.汽车观察,2005,(2)：73
[72]杨莹,张莉.汽车产业自主知识产权与自主品牌.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(2)：31-37
[73]胡树华,汪秀婷,侯仁勇,et a1.国家汽车创新工程研究.北京：科学出版社,2007,78-85
[74]王冰.我国汽车产业自主创新能力分析.价值工程,2008,(10)：59-61
[75]庞莹,谢众,顾君.中国汽车产业自主创新主体关系研究.特区经济,2009,(3)：238-239
[76]黄俊,李传昭,肖卫东.日本汽车制造商快速技术创新能力的来源：基于供应链的技术管理.科技进步与对策,2005,(10)：170-172
[77]刘希宋,邓立治,李果.日本、韩国汽车工业自主创新对我国的启示.经济纵横,2006,(2)：29-31
[78]牟仁艳,胡树华.美国国家汽车创新工程.汽车工业研究,2006,(10)：13-17
[79]刘凤朝,潘雄锋.基于集对分析法的区域自主创新能力评价研究.中国软科学,2005,(11)：83-91
[80]温瑞珺,龚建立,王黎娜.企业自主创新能力评价研究.集团经济研究,2005,(9)：68-69
[81]国家统计局.中国企业自主创新能力分析报告.2005-11-7
[82]胡顺东.我国汽车产业自主创新能力评价研究.商业研究,2009,(6)：116-118
[83]张洪涛,朱卫东,管仕平.基于证据推理的汽车企业自主创新能力评价.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,(3)：383-387
[84]尚勇.提高自主创新能力关键是加快体制机体创新.中国软科学,2008,(3)：4-10
[85]杨国鑫,穆丽娟.我国汽车行业自主创新能力的思考——通过专利数据予以透视.知识产权,2009,(3)：35-39
[86]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部,中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2009).北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009,7-11
[87]J L How, M T Sun, J C Chuo. An Intelligent Knowledge Management Model for Construction and Reuse of Automobile Manufacturing Intellectual Properties. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2005, (9):169-182
[88]唐杰,杨沿平,周文杰.中国汽车产业自主创新战略.北京：科学出版社,2009,2-8
[89]Jangsup Shin. The Economics of The Latecomers:Catching-up, Automobile Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea. London and New York:Routledge Press,2006,3-7
[90]郭孔辉.中国汽车工业的发展道路：回顾与展望——合作与自主问题.中国工程科学,2004,6(8)：17-27
[91]何光远.中国汽车产业自主创新之我见.科学学研究,2007,(2)：10-13
[92]Brezis E, Krugman P, Tsiddon. Leapfrogging in International Competition:a Theory of Cycles in National Technological Leadership. American Economic Review,1993,83(5):1211-1219
[93]J L How, M T Sun, J C Chuo. An Intelligent Knowledge Management Model for Construction and Reuse of Automobile Manufacturing Intellectual Properties. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003, (9):169-182
[94]温家宝.全国人大十一届三次会议政府工作报告.2010-3-5
[95]IEA. China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security.2006-6-18
[96]王凤珍,熊岳平.科学技术的发展与环境危机的凸现.齐鲁学刊,2007,(3)：118-121
[97]Rick S Kurtz. Coastal oil pollution:spills, crisis, and policy change. The Review of Policy Research,2004,21 (2):9-21
[98]Environmental Protection Agency. EPA announces biggest air toxic reduction in agency history. Http:ppwww.epa.govphistoryptopicspace.htm,2005-03-01
[99]查道炯.能源问题与中美关系.国际经济评论,2007,(4)：35-38
[100]Adams H S, Nieuwenhuijsen M J, Colvile R N. Fine particle personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments. Science of the Total Environment,2001, 279(3):29-44
[101]董杨.成就举世瞩目,未来继续辉煌.http://caam.org.cn/caam/caam.web/ Detail. aspid=5246,2009-3-1
[102]顾列铭.中国新能源汽车的理想与现实.生态经济,2009,(9)：20-25
[103]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部,中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2009).北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009,21-28
[104]中国汽车技术研究中心,中国汽车工业协会.中国汽车工业年鉴(2008).中国汽车工业年鉴编辑部,2008,4-11
[105]湖南大学机械与汽车工程学院课题组.汽车产业自主创新能力调研报告.北京：科学出版社,2006,129-135
[106]Gail M Heffernan. Path Dependence, Behavioral Rules, and the Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Chang:The Case of Automobile Industry. The Review of Austrian Economics,2003, (3):45-62
[107]Fahri Karakaya, Bulent Kobu. New product development process:An investigation of success and fault in high technology and non-high technology firms. Journal of Business Venturing,1994,9(1):49-66
[108]卢小宾.我国信息企业技术创新风险研究.现代图书情报技术,2004,(10)：33-36
[109]王林.技术创新人力资源风险及其防范措施研究.理论探讨,2005,(6)：78-82
[110]毛加强,吕萌.企业技术创新风险的二维特性及其防范机制研究.贵州社会 科学,2007,(5)：19-22
[111]Jose Monteiro Barata. Innovation in the American Manufacturing Industry: Analysis of an Automobile Company. International Advances in Economic Research,2005, (8):301-314
[112]Donaldson, Lakshmi Shyam. Open Innovation:The New Imperative For Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press,1994, 721-789
[113]Francics, Smith. The Learning Region:Institution, Innovation. Innovation and Regional Renewal. Regional Studies,1995. (31):491-503
[114]Fazzari, Hubbard. Innovation, High-technology Use, and Flexibility in Small Manufacturing Firms Growth. Change,1998,24(1):67-86
[115]Arellano, Bond. Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms:Two Models of Strategic Momentum. Strategic Management Journal,1999, (3):1-25
[116]Spios Bougheas. Government Policy towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds. Journal of Business Venturing,2002,22 (2) 193-235
[117]李强,曾勇.融资能力与技术创新投资决策：一种实物期权方法.系统工程学报,2009,(2)：1-8
[118]Gerchak Y. On allocating R&D budgets among and within projects. R&D Management,1998,28(4):30-52
[119]阳立高,张四梅.后农业税时代农村公共产品供给体制创新研究.经济体制改革,2007,(3)：67-70
[120]杨沿平,方海峰,周俊.关于提高我国汽车产业自主创新能力的思考.汽车工程,2007,(10)：22-27
[121]S cherer, Frederic M. Firm Sizes, Market Structure, Opportunity and the Output of Patented Innovations. American Economic Review,1965,55(3):437-453
[122]Hausman, Hall, Griliches. Patents, Research and Development, and the Measurement of Inventive Activity. Journal of Industrial Economics,1984,15(1): 121-136
[123]朱平芳,徐伟民.上海大中型工业行业专利产出滞后机制研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2005,(9)：136-142
[124]Schmookler J. Invention and Economic growth. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1966,45-57
[125]Trajuenberg, Jaffe. Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth:International Evidence and Implications for Economic Development. Oxford University Press,1997,274-279
[126]Furman et al, Michael E, Porter, et al. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity. Research Policy,2002, (31):899-933
[127]Anneloes, Jan F, B Hesen. Innovation Capabilities of European Nations Cross national Analyses of Patents and Sales of Product Innovations. Research Policy, 2004,33 (2):193-207
[128]Cheung Kuiyin, Ping Lin. Spillover Effects of FDI on Innovation in China: Evidence from the Provincial Data. China Economic Review,2004,15 (1): 25-44
[129]范丽娜.中国内地专利的空间分布及其影响因素分析.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(2)：17-25
[130]李志刚.我国创新产出的空间分布特征研究—基于省际专利统计数据的空间计量分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(8)：64-71
[131]朱月仙,方曙.我国专利申请及R&D经费支出情况统计分析.情报科学,2006,(9)：1419-1424
[132]刘和东,梁东黎.R&D投入与自主创新能力关系的协整分析——以我国大中型工业企业为对象的实证研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(8)：21-25
[133]陈春晖,曾德明.我国自主创新投入产出实证研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(1)：18-23
[134]范红忠.有效需求规模假说、研发投入与国家自主创新能力.经济研究,2007,42(3)：33-44
[135]朱平芳,徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响—上海市的实证研究.经济研究,2003,(6)：56-71
[136]Groshby Mark. Patents, innovation and growth. Economic Record,2000,76(2): 255-262
[137]Fujimoto T. The automobile technology innovation system:the triplet of effective interim routines. International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management,2005, (1):1-34
[138]Scott A Amman, William J Pielemeier. Road Vibration Investigation Using the Ford Vehicle Vibration Simulator. SAE Research,2007, (1):157-195
[139]Franco Malerba. Innovation and the Evolution of Automobile Industries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2005, (9):3-23
[140]Samuelson Paul. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Review of Economics and Statistics,1954,36(4):388-389
[141]Mueller, Dennis C. Public Goods:Survey of Recent Publications. American Economic Review,1981,65(7):754-763
[142]James M Buchanan. The demand and supply of public goods. First published by Rand McNally & Company,1968,198-201
[143]Romer P. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economic, 1990,(8):981-993
[144]陈广汉,蓝宝江.研发支出、竞争程度与我国区域创新能力研究——基于1998-2004年国内专利申请数量与R&D数据的实证分析.经济学家,2007,(3)：101-106
[145]王成,甄子健.探索我国汽车工业自主研发之路——记电动汽车重大科技专项的实施.汽车工程,2006,28(5)：415-417
[146]李孔岳.试论企业的商品属性.中山大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(3)：192-198
[147]郑方辉,李振连.绩效评价与地方政府职能定位.当代世界与社会主义,2007,(5)：69-72
[148]王乃静.基于技术引进、消化吸收的企业自主创新路径手探析——以潍柴动力股份有限公司自主创新经验为例.中国软科学,2007,(4)：15-23
[149]阳立高,杨沿平,廖进中.开征研发税解决汽车产业R&D融资市场失灵促进自主创新[J].中国软科学,2010,(12)：112-117
[150]科学技术部发展计划司.科技统计报告.北京：统计出版社,2009,37-40
[151]阳立高,廖进中,向鑫琳.汽车产业R&D投入与经济增长实证研究.经济问题,2010,(1)：30-33
[152]朱瑞娟.高校科技成果转化不能只盯着10%.科技日报,2006-10-19
[153]D Aspremont, C Jacqueline A. Cooperative and non-cooperative R&D in duopoly with spillover. American Economic Review,1988,78 (12):1133-1137
[154]Choi, Jay Pil. An analysis of cooperative R&D. Harvard University Press,1989, 107-120
[155]Elias. The Bay-Dole Act of 1980 and University-Industry Technology Transfer: a Model for Other OECD Governments. Journal of Technology Transfer,2000, 30(2):115-127
[156]Etzkowitz, Leydesdorff. Interactive Relations between University and Firms: Empirical Evidence for Austria. Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(3): 255-268
[157]谢科范,刘海林.产学研合作共建研发(R&D)实体的博弈分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(10)：27-30
[158]Stephen Martin. Competition Policy for High Technology Industries. Jorunal of Industry, Competition and Trade,2006,(12):441-465
[159]Schmookler J. Invention and Economic growth. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1966,379-383
[160]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷).北京：商务印书馆,1996,479-494
[161]Shiller R J. Market Volatility and Investor Behavior. American Economic Review,2003,(2):80-87
[162]Amartya Sen. Moral Codeand Econmic Success', in Samue Brittanand Aan Hamin Market Capitalism and Moral Value. Edward Elgar,2001,(1):23-25
[163]张理智.论“理性经济假说”之不能成立.江苏社会科学,2002,(6)：73-78
[164]马克思恩格斯全集.北京：人民出版社,1995,110-117
[165]Chris B. Proceedings of the 21st IVR World Congress. Berlin (Germany):Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart,2004, (3):78-84
[166]Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Collected Stories of Isaac Bashevis Singer. London: Penguin Books,1999, (5):527-531
[167]John R. Political Liberalism. New York:Columbia University Press,1996, 49-50
[168]李春成.论后发现代化国家的政府理性决策.复旦学报(社会科学版),2001,(2)：40-45
[169]何一.全球化、文明生态位和政府理性.广西社会科学,2003,(11)：17-23
[170]罗强、冷元元.政府理性与和谐社会建设.红旗文稿,2007,(10)：16-17
[171]Richard Baker. Investigating Enron as Public Private Partnership. Accounting, Auditing&Accuntabi-lity Journal.2003, (16):446-465
[172]Reymon. Incentives in public decision-making. Journal of Public Economics 1988, (1):67-82
[173]Sehmidtz. Public goods theory from eighteenth century political philosophy to twentieth century economics. Public Choice,2003,17 (2):239-253
[174]Coase R H. The Light house in Economics. Journal of Law and Economics, 1974, (2):17-23
[175]黄恒学.公共经济学.北京：北京大学出版社.2002,32-35
[176]吴俊培,卢洪友.公共产品的“公”、“私”供给效率制度安排——一个理论假说.经济评论,2004,(4)：15-19
[177]Picter. Public Choice. Landon:Cambridge Press,1989,8-29
[178]Liu Qijun. How to Improve Government Performance. Europe Journal of Political Economy,2007,(2):78-86
[179]刘伟.政府干预与市场调节理论研究.华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(4)：138-140
[180]张卓元.深化改革,推进粗放型经济增长方式转变.经济研究,2005,(11)：4-9
[181]马凯.树立和落实科学发展观,推进经济增长方式的根本性转变.宏观经济管理,2004,(6)：4-11
[182]阳立高,刘建江,杨沿平.基于开征研发税的国家新能源汽车自主创新工程.科学管理研究,2010,(4)：16-20
[183]刘寒波.公共财政学教程.长沙：湖南人民出版社,2006,152-153
[184]陈共.财政学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007,224-231
[185]Romer. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge MA, MIT Press,1986,17-23
[186]Lucas. The Effects of Acquisitions and Restructuring Strategies on Innovation. London:Mac Millian Press,1988,594-605
[187]王小鲁,樊纲,刘鹏.中国经济增长方式转换和增长可持续性.经济研究,2009,(1)：4-16
[188]高梁,刘洁.国家重大工程与国家创新能力.中国软科学,2005,(4)：17-22
[189]李骏.论汽车动力总成节能环保的若干核心产品技术及FQW的技术对策.中国工程科学,2009,(8)：64-71
[190]李岱素.产学研战略联盟合作机制系统研究.科技进步与对策,2009,(16)：19-22
[191]教育部科技司.我国高校自主创新能力显著增强.中国教育报,2009-9-30
[192]欧阳明高.新能源与汽车产业振兴.时代汽车,2009,(4)：44-45
[193]陈光祖.低碳能源的应用是本世纪汽车产业的方向.汽车与配件,2008,(23)：14-17
[194]张小虞.中国汽车业没有泡沫,2020年产量将超2000万辆.中国发展门户网,www.chinagate.com.cn,2009-06-11
[195]万钢.抓住历史契机,推动创新发展.交通世界,2009,(12)：44-45
[196]Barfield, Claude E. Science Policy from Ford to Reagan:Change and Continuity. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,2007, (10):8-19
[197]Gregory Tassey. Infratechnologies and Economic Growth. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996,153-168
[198]李纪珍.产业共性技术供给体系.北京：中国金融出版社,2004,36-73
[199]马名杰.共性技术的内涵与评判标准.国务院发展研究中心http://www.drcnet.com.cn,2004-11-11
[200]刘骅,谢科范.区域自主创新平台构建中的系统机理分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2009,(2)：84-87
[201]李显君,董本云,徐可.我国汽车产业创新绩效实证分析.汽车工程,2009,(9)：893-899
[2]钱皓.兰德公司与美国对华军事政策研究.国际观察,2005,(6)：19-26
[3]严成樑.政府研发投资与长期经济增长.经济科学,2009,(2)：45-59
[4]周煜,聂鸣.我国汽车产业R&D投资及创新绩效的动态博弈分析.汽车工程,2008,30(8)：725-729
[5]R R Nelson. The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research. Journal of Political Economy 1959,67(3):297-306
[6]K J Arrow. Incentives in public decision-making. Amsterdam Journal of Public Economics,1962,37(8):79-93
[7]C Richard Baker. Investigating Enron as Public Private Partnership. Accounting, Auditing& Account ability Journal.2003,16 (5):446-465
[8]阳立高,廖进中,柒江艺.财政扶持汽车产业自主创新研究——基于开征研发税的构想.财经理论与实践,2009,(4)：60-64
[9]Browyn H Hall. The Finance of Research and Development. NBER Working Paper,2002, (8):773-776
[10]Bond, Stephen, Dietmar, et al. Investment, R&D and Financial Constraints in Britain and Germany. NBER Working Paper,1999,(1):15-17
[11]Bronwyn H Hall. Financing R&D. working paper,2002, (1):26-32
[12]魏历.R&D融资理论：一个文献综述.理论与改革,2009,(4)：157-160
[13]吕玉芹.中小高科技企业R&D融资问题探讨.会计研究,2005,(4)：69-73
[14]金永红,奚玉芹,张立.风险投资与中小高科技企业R&D融资研究.上海企业,2006,(7)：36-39
[15]曹晓丽,陈海声,陈锦华,et a1.税收政策与高科技企业研发融资效率的关系分析.财会通讯(学术版),2006,(8)：126-128
[16]马凌,方德英,吴松岭,等.对河南省R&D资源配置的战略思考.河南科技,2005,(8)：10-11
[17]吴瑛,杨宏进.基于R&D存量的高技术产业科技资源配置效率DEA度量模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(9)：28-32
[18]吴林海,彭宇文,彭喜阳.基于三大研发主体、三大研发活动的国内外R&D经费配置比较研究.科学管理研究,2006,(10)：101-105
[19]Arrow K J. Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Inventive: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton. Princeton University Press,1968,168-170
[20]Carter Bloch. Frederic Mart eland Stromberg per "How Do Legal Differences and Learning Affect Financial Contracts". NBER Working Paper,2003, (2):93-97
[21]Mohnen P. International R&D spillovers and economic growth. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2001,576-592
[22]Farrell R, S Gross Kopf. The efficiency of labor and capital in Australian manufacturing. Applied Economics,1985,20(3):243-261
[23]Prahalad C k. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, General,1991,120(3):253-281
[24]Stigritz. A Model of Technical Inefficiency Effects in Stochastic Frontier Production for Panel Data. Empirical Economics,1992,28 (4):325-332
[25]OECD. Main science and technology indicators. Paris, Paris University Press, 2002,79-83
[26]Solow R M. Technical change and aggregate production function. Review of Economics and Statistics,1957, (3):39-41
[27]Solow R M. Growth theory:an exposition. New York:Oxford University Press, 2000,231-254
[28]Romer P. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 1990,98(1),71-102
[29]Grossman, Helpman E. Quality ladders and product cycles. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1991,106(6):557-586
[30]Aghion P, Howitt P. Endogenous Growth Theory. Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1988,54-59
[31]Arrow K J. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic Studies,1962,29(5):623-631
[32]Cohen W, D Levinthal. Innovation and learning:The two faces of R&D. Economic Journal,1989,99(5):569-596
[33]Coe D, E Helpman. International R&D spillovers. European Economic Review, 1995,39(10):859-887
[34]Scully, Gerald W. The Institutional Framework and Economic Development. Journal of Political Economy,1988,96(7):652-662
[35]Schumpeter. Economy Development Theory. Washington:Business Press,1912,
[36]丘海雄,徐建牛.产业集群技术创新中的地方政府行为.管理世界,2004,(10)：36-46
[37]Grossman G M, Helpman E. Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994, (1):23-44
[38]Aghion P, P Howitt. A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction.1992,60 (4):323-351
[39]柳卸林.管理范式的转变—从生产型到技术创新.中国软科学,1997,(2)：28-33
[40]刘凤朝.基于集对分析法的区域自主创新能力评价研究.中国软科学,2005,(11)：83-92
[41]Kim Linsu. Imitation to innovation:The dynamics of Korea's technological learning. Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1997,156-167
[42]Lee K, Lim C. Technological regimes, catching up and leapfrogging:Findings from Korean industries. Research Policy,2001,30 (4):459-483
[43]Christensen C. The innovator's dilemma:When new technologies cause great firms to fail.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1997,479-487
[44]Stieglitz J E. Economics of the Public Sector. Norton, New York Press,1988, 76-79
[45]刘易斯.经济增长理论.上海：上海人民出版社,1994,12-81
[46]Mansfield. Taxation, Technology and Canada's Competitiveness. Choices,2003, 4(1):23-27
[47]Hall B H, J Van Reenen. How effective are fiscal incentives for R&D:A review of the evidence. Research Policy,2002, (9):79-94
[48]Guellec Van. Pottelsberghe, Universities and Innovation in Space. Industry and Innovation,2007, (2):201-218
[49]吴秀波.论促进汽车产业自主创新的税收政策.汽车工业研究,2006,(7)：6-10
[50]黄鲁成,张红彩,王彤.我国研发支出的影响因素分析.研究与发展管理,2005,(6)：90-95
[51]张桂玲,左浩泓.对我国现行科技税收激励政策的归纳分析.2005,(3)：37-39
[52]孙晓峰.自主创新财政支持的理论基础与政策选择.财经问题研究,2008,(6)：78-84
[53]安体富.当前世界减税趋势与中国税收政策改革.经济研究,2002,(2)：1-17
[54]杨沿平,唐杰,周俊.我国汽车产业自主创新现状、问题及对策研究.中国软 科学,2006,(3)：11-16
[55]陈光祖.把握好汽车产业自主创新的“三个时间差”.汽车与配件,2007,(6)：16-17
[56]郭孔辉.汽车产业自主创新的“根”在文化.光明日报,2007-2-12
[57]邵奇惠.自主创新是中国走向汽车强国的必然选择.汽车工业研究,2006,(1)：2-5
[58]钟志华.汽车：中国创造时不我待.人民日报,2006-9-27
[59]胡树华,刘磊.国内外R&D管理比较研究及对中国科技资源配置的启示.科学学研究,2000,(3)：62-66
[60]石定环.汽车产业自主创新面临的机遇与挑战.汽车工程,2005,(4)：59-61
[61]欧阳明高.我国节能与新能源汽车发展战略与对策.汽车工程,2006,(4)：317-321
[62]冯飞.鼓励和推进节能环保汽车的发展.交通世界(运输.车辆)2007,(10)：78-81
[63]丁悦.自主创新、多元化经营与竞争博弈——基于中国汽车工业发展问题的思考.科技进步与对策,2008,(8)：93-95
[64]金碚,边恕.经济增长与技术进步——对战后日本技术引进的思考.日本研究,2001,(3)：32-40
[65]陈长年.向汽车制造强国转变的战略基础：汽车制造装备自主创新.中国制造业信息化,2006,(3)：63-65
[66]朱芳平,李磊.两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究.经济研究,2006,(3)：36-47
[67]李京文.发展我国汽车产业的政策与思路.中国流通经济,2006,(4)：4-8
[68]陈劲,陈钰芬,余芳珍.FDI对促进我国区域创新能力的影响.科研管理,2007,(1)：7-13
[69]黄烨菁.开放条件下的技术进步——从技术引进到自主创新.世界经济,2008,(6)：35-42
[70]杨沿平,雷飞,周俊.体制创新与技术创新提高我国汽车产业自主创新能力.汽车工程,2007,(2)：93-96
[71]李书福.加大保护和扶持中国本土汽车品牌的力度.汽车观察,2005,(2)：73
[72]杨莹,张莉.汽车产业自主知识产权与自主品牌.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(2)：31-37
[73]胡树华,汪秀婷,侯仁勇,et a1.国家汽车创新工程研究.北京：科学出版社,2007,78-85
[74]王冰.我国汽车产业自主创新能力分析.价值工程,2008,(10)：59-61
[75]庞莹,谢众,顾君.中国汽车产业自主创新主体关系研究.特区经济,2009,(3)：238-239
[76]黄俊,李传昭,肖卫东.日本汽车制造商快速技术创新能力的来源：基于供应链的技术管理.科技进步与对策,2005,(10)：170-172
[77]刘希宋,邓立治,李果.日本、韩国汽车工业自主创新对我国的启示.经济纵横,2006,(2)：29-31
[78]牟仁艳,胡树华.美国国家汽车创新工程.汽车工业研究,2006,(10)：13-17
[79]刘凤朝,潘雄锋.基于集对分析法的区域自主创新能力评价研究.中国软科学,2005,(11)：83-91
[80]温瑞珺,龚建立,王黎娜.企业自主创新能力评价研究.集团经济研究,2005,(9)：68-69
[81]国家统计局.中国企业自主创新能力分析报告.2005-11-7
[82]胡顺东.我国汽车产业自主创新能力评价研究.商业研究,2009,(6)：116-118
[83]张洪涛,朱卫东,管仕平.基于证据推理的汽车企业自主创新能力评价.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,(3)：383-387
[84]尚勇.提高自主创新能力关键是加快体制机体创新.中国软科学,2008,(3)：4-10
[85]杨国鑫,穆丽娟.我国汽车行业自主创新能力的思考——通过专利数据予以透视.知识产权,2009,(3)：35-39
[86]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部,中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2009).北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009,7-11
[87]J L How, M T Sun, J C Chuo. An Intelligent Knowledge Management Model for Construction and Reuse of Automobile Manufacturing Intellectual Properties. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2005, (9):169-182
[88]唐杰,杨沿平,周文杰.中国汽车产业自主创新战略.北京：科学出版社,2009,2-8
[89]Jangsup Shin. The Economics of The Latecomers:Catching-up, Automobile Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea. London and New York:Routledge Press,2006,3-7
[90]郭孔辉.中国汽车工业的发展道路：回顾与展望——合作与自主问题.中国工程科学,2004,6(8)：17-27
[91]何光远.中国汽车产业自主创新之我见.科学学研究,2007,(2)：10-13
[92]Brezis E, Krugman P, Tsiddon. Leapfrogging in International Competition:a Theory of Cycles in National Technological Leadership. American Economic Review,1993,83(5):1211-1219
[93]J L How, M T Sun, J C Chuo. An Intelligent Knowledge Management Model for Construction and Reuse of Automobile Manufacturing Intellectual Properties. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003, (9):169-182
[94]温家宝.全国人大十一届三次会议政府工作报告.2010-3-5
[95]IEA. China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security.2006-6-18
[96]王凤珍,熊岳平.科学技术的发展与环境危机的凸现.齐鲁学刊,2007,(3)：118-121
[97]Rick S Kurtz. Coastal oil pollution:spills, crisis, and policy change. The Review of Policy Research,2004,21 (2):9-21
[98]Environmental Protection Agency. EPA announces biggest air toxic reduction in agency history. Http:ppwww.epa.govphistoryptopicspace.htm,2005-03-01
[99]查道炯.能源问题与中美关系.国际经济评论,2007,(4)：35-38
[100]Adams H S, Nieuwenhuijsen M J, Colvile R N. Fine particle personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments. Science of the Total Environment,2001, 279(3):29-44
[101]董杨.成就举世瞩目,未来继续辉煌.http://caam.org.cn/caam/caam.web/ Detail. aspid=5246,2009-3-1
[102]顾列铭.中国新能源汽车的理想与现实.生态经济,2009,(9)：20-25
[103]国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部,中国汽车工程学会,大众汽车集团(中国).中国汽车产业发展报告(2009).北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009,21-28
[104]中国汽车技术研究中心,中国汽车工业协会.中国汽车工业年鉴(2008).中国汽车工业年鉴编辑部,2008,4-11
[105]湖南大学机械与汽车工程学院课题组.汽车产业自主创新能力调研报告.北京：科学出版社,2006,129-135
[106]Gail M Heffernan. Path Dependence, Behavioral Rules, and the Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Chang:The Case of Automobile Industry. The Review of Austrian Economics,2003, (3):45-62
[107]Fahri Karakaya, Bulent Kobu. New product development process:An investigation of success and fault in high technology and non-high technology firms. Journal of Business Venturing,1994,9(1):49-66
[108]卢小宾.我国信息企业技术创新风险研究.现代图书情报技术,2004,(10)：33-36
[109]王林.技术创新人力资源风险及其防范措施研究.理论探讨,2005,(6)：78-82
[110]毛加强,吕萌.企业技术创新风险的二维特性及其防范机制研究.贵州社会 科学,2007,(5)：19-22
[111]Jose Monteiro Barata. Innovation in the American Manufacturing Industry: Analysis of an Automobile Company. International Advances in Economic Research,2005, (8):301-314
[112]Donaldson, Lakshmi Shyam. Open Innovation:The New Imperative For Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press,1994, 721-789
[113]Francics, Smith. The Learning Region:Institution, Innovation. Innovation and Regional Renewal. Regional Studies,1995. (31):491-503
[114]Fazzari, Hubbard. Innovation, High-technology Use, and Flexibility in Small Manufacturing Firms Growth. Change,1998,24(1):67-86
[115]Arellano, Bond. Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms:Two Models of Strategic Momentum. Strategic Management Journal,1999, (3):1-25
[116]Spios Bougheas. Government Policy towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds. Journal of Business Venturing,2002,22 (2) 193-235
[117]李强,曾勇.融资能力与技术创新投资决策：一种实物期权方法.系统工程学报,2009,(2)：1-8
[118]Gerchak Y. On allocating R&D budgets among and within projects. R&D Management,1998,28(4):30-52
[119]阳立高,张四梅.后农业税时代农村公共产品供给体制创新研究.经济体制改革,2007,(3)：67-70
[120]杨沿平,方海峰,周俊.关于提高我国汽车产业自主创新能力的思考.汽车工程,2007,(10)：22-27
[121]S cherer, Frederic M. Firm Sizes, Market Structure, Opportunity and the Output of Patented Innovations. American Economic Review,1965,55(3):437-453
[122]Hausman, Hall, Griliches. Patents, Research and Development, and the Measurement of Inventive Activity. Journal of Industrial Economics,1984,15(1): 121-136
[123]朱平芳,徐伟民.上海大中型工业行业专利产出滞后机制研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2005,(9)：136-142
[124]Schmookler J. Invention and Economic growth. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1966,45-57
[125]Trajuenberg, Jaffe. Information Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth:International Evidence and Implications for Economic Development. Oxford University Press,1997,274-279
[126]Furman et al, Michael E, Porter, et al. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity. Research Policy,2002, (31):899-933
[127]Anneloes, Jan F, B Hesen. Innovation Capabilities of European Nations Cross national Analyses of Patents and Sales of Product Innovations. Research Policy, 2004,33 (2):193-207
[128]Cheung Kuiyin, Ping Lin. Spillover Effects of FDI on Innovation in China: Evidence from the Provincial Data. China Economic Review,2004,15 (1): 25-44
[129]范丽娜.中国内地专利的空间分布及其影响因素分析.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(2)：17-25
[130]李志刚.我国创新产出的空间分布特征研究—基于省际专利统计数据的空间计量分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(8)：64-71
[131]朱月仙,方曙.我国专利申请及R&D经费支出情况统计分析.情报科学,2006,(9)：1419-1424
[132]刘和东,梁东黎.R&D投入与自主创新能力关系的协整分析——以我国大中型工业企业为对象的实证研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(8)：21-25
[133]陈春晖,曾德明.我国自主创新投入产出实证研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(1)：18-23
[134]范红忠.有效需求规模假说、研发投入与国家自主创新能力.经济研究,2007,42(3)：33-44
[135]朱平芳,徐伟民.政府的科技激励政策对大中型工业企业R&D投入及其专利产出的影响—上海市的实证研究.经济研究,2003,(6)：56-71
[136]Groshby Mark. Patents, innovation and growth. Economic Record,2000,76(2): 255-262
[137]Fujimoto T. The automobile technology innovation system:the triplet of effective interim routines. International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management,2005, (1):1-34
[138]Scott A Amman, William J Pielemeier. Road Vibration Investigation Using the Ford Vehicle Vibration Simulator. SAE Research,2007, (1):157-195
[139]Franco Malerba. Innovation and the Evolution of Automobile Industries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2005, (9):3-23
[140]Samuelson Paul. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Review of Economics and Statistics,1954,36(4):388-389
[141]Mueller, Dennis C. Public Goods:Survey of Recent Publications. American Economic Review,1981,65(7):754-763
[142]James M Buchanan. The demand and supply of public goods. First published by Rand McNally & Company,1968,198-201
[143]Romer P. Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economic, 1990,(8):981-993
[144]陈广汉,蓝宝江.研发支出、竞争程度与我国区域创新能力研究——基于1998-2004年国内专利申请数量与R&D数据的实证分析.经济学家,2007,(3)：101-106
[145]王成,甄子健.探索我国汽车工业自主研发之路——记电动汽车重大科技专项的实施.汽车工程,2006,28(5)：415-417
[146]李孔岳.试论企业的商品属性.中山大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(3)：192-198
[147]郑方辉,李振连.绩效评价与地方政府职能定位.当代世界与社会主义,2007,(5)：69-72
[148]王乃静.基于技术引进、消化吸收的企业自主创新路径手探析——以潍柴动力股份有限公司自主创新经验为例.中国软科学,2007,(4)：15-23
[149]阳立高,杨沿平,廖进中.开征研发税解决汽车产业R&D融资市场失灵促进自主创新[J].中国软科学,2010,(12)：112-117
[150]科学技术部发展计划司.科技统计报告.北京：统计出版社,2009,37-40
[151]阳立高,廖进中,向鑫琳.汽车产业R&D投入与经济增长实证研究.经济问题,2010,(1)：30-33
[152]朱瑞娟.高校科技成果转化不能只盯着10%.科技日报,2006-10-19
[153]D Aspremont, C Jacqueline A. Cooperative and non-cooperative R&D in duopoly with spillover. American Economic Review,1988,78 (12):1133-1137
[154]Choi, Jay Pil. An analysis of cooperative R&D. Harvard University Press,1989, 107-120
[155]Elias. The Bay-Dole Act of 1980 and University-Industry Technology Transfer: a Model for Other OECD Governments. Journal of Technology Transfer,2000, 30(2):115-127
[156]Etzkowitz, Leydesdorff. Interactive Relations between University and Firms: Empirical Evidence for Austria. Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(3): 255-268
[157]谢科范,刘海林.产学研合作共建研发(R&D)实体的博弈分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(10)：27-30
[158]Stephen Martin. Competition Policy for High Technology Industries. Jorunal of Industry, Competition and Trade,2006,(12):441-465
[159]Schmookler J. Invention and Economic growth. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1966,379-383
[160]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷).北京：商务印书馆,1996,479-494
[161]Shiller R J. Market Volatility and Investor Behavior. American Economic Review,2003,(2):80-87
[162]Amartya Sen. Moral Codeand Econmic Success', in Samue Brittanand Aan Hamin Market Capitalism and Moral Value. Edward Elgar,2001,(1):23-25
[163]张理智.论“理性经济假说”之不能成立.江苏社会科学,2002,(6)：73-78
[164]马克思恩格斯全集.北京：人民出版社,1995,110-117
[165]Chris B. Proceedings of the 21st IVR World Congress. Berlin (Germany):Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart,2004, (3):78-84
[166]Singer, Isaac Bashevis. The Collected Stories of Isaac Bashevis Singer. London: Penguin Books,1999, (5):527-531
[167]John R. Political Liberalism. New York:Columbia University Press,1996, 49-50
[168]李春成.论后发现代化国家的政府理性决策.复旦学报(社会科学版),2001,(2)：40-45
[169]何一.全球化、文明生态位和政府理性.广西社会科学,2003,(11)：17-23
[170]罗强、冷元元.政府理性与和谐社会建设.红旗文稿,2007,(10)：16-17
[171]Richard Baker. Investigating Enron as Public Private Partnership. Accounting, Auditing&Accuntabi-lity Journal.2003, (16):446-465
[172]Reymon. Incentives in public decision-making. Journal of Public Economics 1988, (1):67-82
[173]Sehmidtz. Public goods theory from eighteenth century political philosophy to twentieth century economics. Public Choice,2003,17 (2):239-253
[174]Coase R H. The Light house in Economics. Journal of Law and Economics, 1974, (2):17-23
[175]黄恒学.公共经济学.北京：北京大学出版社.2002,32-35
[176]吴俊培,卢洪友.公共产品的“公”、“私”供给效率制度安排——一个理论假说.经济评论,2004,(4)：15-19
[177]Picter. Public Choice. Landon:Cambridge Press,1989,8-29
[178]Liu Qijun. How to Improve Government Performance. Europe Journal of Political Economy,2007,(2):78-86
[179]刘伟.政府干预与市场调节理论研究.华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(4)：138-140
[180]张卓元.深化改革,推进粗放型经济增长方式转变.经济研究,2005,(11)：4-9
[181]马凯.树立和落实科学发展观,推进经济增长方式的根本性转变.宏观经济管理,2004,(6)：4-11
[182]阳立高,刘建江,杨沿平.基于开征研发税的国家新能源汽车自主创新工程.科学管理研究,2010,(4)：16-20
[183]刘寒波.公共财政学教程.长沙：湖南人民出版社,2006,152-153
[184]陈共.财政学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007,224-231
[185]Romer. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge MA, MIT Press,1986,17-23
[186]Lucas. The Effects of Acquisitions and Restructuring Strategies on Innovation. London:Mac Millian Press,1988,594-605
[187]王小鲁,樊纲,刘鹏.中国经济增长方式转换和增长可持续性.经济研究,2009,(1)：4-16
[188]高梁,刘洁.国家重大工程与国家创新能力.中国软科学,2005,(4)：17-22
[189]李骏.论汽车动力总成节能环保的若干核心产品技术及FQW的技术对策.中国工程科学,2009,(8)：64-71
[190]李岱素.产学研战略联盟合作机制系统研究.科技进步与对策,2009,(16)：19-22
[191]教育部科技司.我国高校自主创新能力显著增强.中国教育报,2009-9-30
[192]欧阳明高.新能源与汽车产业振兴.时代汽车,2009,(4)：44-45
[193]陈光祖.低碳能源的应用是本世纪汽车产业的方向.汽车与配件,2008,(23)：14-17
[194]张小虞.中国汽车业没有泡沫,2020年产量将超2000万辆.中国发展门户网,www.chinagate.com.cn,2009-06-11
[195]万钢.抓住历史契机,推动创新发展.交通世界,2009,(12)：44-45
[196]Barfield, Claude E. Science Policy from Ford to Reagan:Change and Continuity. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,2007, (10):8-19
[197]Gregory Tassey. Infratechnologies and Economic Growth. Kluwer Academic Publishers,1996,153-168
[198]李纪珍.产业共性技术供给体系.北京：中国金融出版社,2004,36-73
[199]马名杰.共性技术的内涵与评判标准.国务院发展研究中心http://www.drcnet.com.cn,2004-11-11
[200]刘骅,谢科范.区域自主创新平台构建中的系统机理分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2009,(2)：84-87
[201]李显君,董本云,徐可.我国汽车产业创新绩效实证分析.汽车工程,2009,(9)：893-899