本体理论在城市智能交通系统语义集成中的应用研究
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摘要
智能交通系统(ITS)是目前世界交通运输领域的前沿研究课题。我国政府已提出将ITS作为我国未来交通运输领域发展的重要方向和优先领域予以重点支持。因此,越来越多的交通运输企业和相关的职能部门都在不断地构建各种交通应用信息系统来管理运输资源。这些系统的运行效率很大程度上依赖于各子系统的资源共享与协同工作能力,为了更好地发挥这些系统在交通管理中的作用,实现出行者、车辆、道路和交通管理更大范围的高效管理,系统之间的信息共享和互操作的需求也越来越强烈。为了达到这一目的,必须解决ITS系统间信息的语义集成问题,只有这样,智能交通各系统之间信息才能相互理解、相互操作,实现“智能化”,提高交通信息的增值服务能力,延伸ITS的服务内容。
系统间要求信息互操作的同时也带来诸多新的问题,Kent指出“当一些通用的概念在不同的领域中用不同的方法处理时,会出现理解上的误差”。本体作为一种有效的语义建模方法,可以用来描述计算机处理数据的语义信息,并可对领域知识作无歧义的语义解释,因此,本体为ITS实现语义集成和应用提供了必要的条件,为智能交通领域信息的语义交互提供了关键的使能技术。
为此,本文将本体理论全面运用到ITS中,根据中国智能交通特色,以“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目“中国智能运输系统体系框架”的研究成果为依据,以智能交通应用系统为研究对象,以系统间能实现互操作和提高智能交通信息增值服务为目标开展本文的研究工作,本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)研究了中国ITS现有的业务应用和体系结构,提出了基于本体的ITS集成框架OITSIF。该框架为领域本体的构建提供了所需知识来源的依据,为基于本体的ITS语义集成的实现提供了信息、方法和技术的宏观指导。
(2)研究了智能交通领域本体的构建,提出了智能交通领域本体构建的方法论。领域本体的构建是实现系统语义集成的重要前提。本文分析了中国智能交通的特点,进行了智能交通领域本体模型构建的研究,提出了智能交通领域中服务本体和应用本体的构建模型和方法,定义了从ITS中抽取本体的规则,可通过算法实现本体的自动抽取,这为本体在ITS中的应用奠定了基础。
(3)研究了智能交通系统中的本体映射,提出了关系模式与本体的映射模型。关系模式与本体的映射是实现ITS语义集成的关键。本文提出的模型对关系模式采用特征提取并对本体进行候选映射处理,以提高映射效率；对可利用的信息采用多策略映射机制,以挖掘映射的语义关系；对属性映射问题将其转换成加权二部图的最优匹配问题,以提高映射的准确度,从而有效地提高了映射效率和准确度。
(4)研究了智能交通系统语义集成的应用,提出了基于语义搜索树的串并行Web服务自动组合方法。Web服务的自动组合是实现智能交通信息增值服务的关键技术。本文提出的方法通过构建语义搜索树将服务通过语义关联度进行关联组合,在构建语义搜索树的过程中采用组合优化方法,能快速发现部分满足服务请求的服务分散服务,并能将这些服务自动串并行组合成为大粒度的服务,且能较好的满足用户需求,这对于本体在ITS中的应用是一种有益的尝试。
(5)设计开发了从智能交通系统中抽取本体以及本体映射的原型系统,实现了文中提出的智能交通领域本体的构建和本体映射的方法。为本体在ITS语义集成中应用研究提供了解决思路。
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the world's cutting-edge field of transportation research. Our country Government will develop ITS as a major direction and priority supported areas. Thus, more and more transport companies and the relevant functional departments are constantly to build a variety of transportation applications of information systems to manage the transport resources. The better we make the information between systems share and interoperate, the better we can make full use of traffic management systems which are exploring, and manage efficiently travelers, vehicles, roads and traffic in a wider range. So we must solve the semantic integration issues between ITS. Only in this way, intelligent transportation of information between various systems can achieve mutual understanding, mutual operations and "intelligent", increase the value-added traffic information service capabilities, and extend the services of ITS.
It also brings many new problems that information required interoperability between systems. Kent pointed out that "when some common concepts in different areas using different methods of processing, there will be errors in understanding". Ontology as an effective modeling method can be used to describe the computer's processing of semantic information; it may also give no unambiguous domain knowledge for semantic interpretation, therefore, ontology provides the necessary conditions for the ITS to achieve semantic integration and application, and provides a key enabling technology for the field of intelligent transportation information on the semantics of interaction.
To this end, the ontological theory will be fully applied to ITS in this paper. The paper is based on Chinese intelligent traffic characteristics, and based on the research result of "Intelligent Transportation System Architecture" supported by national science and technology research project in "9th Five Year Plan". Also, it uses the application of intelligent transportation system as the research object; enhances value-added services of intelligent traffic information as the purpose.
Main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) Study the existing ITS applications and architecture, propose ontology-based integration framework OIFTSI. The framework provides the necessary source of knowledge for the construction of domain ontology and provides information, methods and techniques of macro guidance for the ontology-based semantic integration of the realization of ITS.
(2) We study the ontology construction of intelligent transportation; propose methodology for Intelligent Transportation domain ontology building. Domain ontology construction is an important prerequisite for achieving semantic integration system. This paper analyzes the characteristics of China's intelligent transportation, conducts an intelligent transportation research which is based on a domain ontology modeling, proposes methodology for intelligent transportation domain service ontology and application ontology. The methodology according to extracts from the Intelligent Transportation System ontology rules DB2OE-Rule can be achieved through the algorithm DB2OE-Algo automatic ontology extraction.
(3) We study the ontology mapping of ITS, propose relationship model and ontology mapping model. Relationship model and ontology mapping model are the key to achieve semantic integration of ITS. This paper presents a model of the pattern of relationships with the candidate feature extraction and ontology mapping process in order to improve mapping efficiency; uses multi-strategy mapping mechanism to deal with available information to improve the accuracy of mapping; converts the property mapping problem to the optimal weighted bipartite graph matching problem in order to tap the map semantic relations.
(4) We study the application of ITS semantic integration, propose semantic search tree which is based on the serial and parallel Web service automatic combination method. Web service automatic combination method is the key technology to achieve intelligent traffic information's value-added services. constructing semantic search tree, the service associates degree through the combination of semantic association using combinatorial optimization methods in the process of building a semantic search tree, the method can quickly found that some services are decentralized to meet the service request services and these services can automatically Serial and Parallel combination of a large-grained services, and can better meet customer needs.
(5) A prototype system of extracting ontology from the ITS as well as mapping ontology which proposed in this paper has been designed and developed.The method give a thinking which we can use in the ITS semantic integration application research.
系统间要求信息互操作的同时也带来诸多新的问题,Kent指出“当一些通用的概念在不同的领域中用不同的方法处理时,会出现理解上的误差”。本体作为一种有效的语义建模方法,可以用来描述计算机处理数据的语义信息,并可对领域知识作无歧义的语义解释,因此,本体为ITS实现语义集成和应用提供了必要的条件,为智能交通领域信息的语义交互提供了关键的使能技术。
为此,本文将本体理论全面运用到ITS中,根据中国智能交通特色,以“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目“中国智能运输系统体系框架”的研究成果为依据,以智能交通应用系统为研究对象,以系统间能实现互操作和提高智能交通信息增值服务为目标开展本文的研究工作,本文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)研究了中国ITS现有的业务应用和体系结构,提出了基于本体的ITS集成框架OITSIF。该框架为领域本体的构建提供了所需知识来源的依据,为基于本体的ITS语义集成的实现提供了信息、方法和技术的宏观指导。
(2)研究了智能交通领域本体的构建,提出了智能交通领域本体构建的方法论。领域本体的构建是实现系统语义集成的重要前提。本文分析了中国智能交通的特点,进行了智能交通领域本体模型构建的研究,提出了智能交通领域中服务本体和应用本体的构建模型和方法,定义了从ITS中抽取本体的规则,可通过算法实现本体的自动抽取,这为本体在ITS中的应用奠定了基础。
(3)研究了智能交通系统中的本体映射,提出了关系模式与本体的映射模型。关系模式与本体的映射是实现ITS语义集成的关键。本文提出的模型对关系模式采用特征提取并对本体进行候选映射处理,以提高映射效率；对可利用的信息采用多策略映射机制,以挖掘映射的语义关系；对属性映射问题将其转换成加权二部图的最优匹配问题,以提高映射的准确度,从而有效地提高了映射效率和准确度。
(4)研究了智能交通系统语义集成的应用,提出了基于语义搜索树的串并行Web服务自动组合方法。Web服务的自动组合是实现智能交通信息增值服务的关键技术。本文提出的方法通过构建语义搜索树将服务通过语义关联度进行关联组合,在构建语义搜索树的过程中采用组合优化方法,能快速发现部分满足服务请求的服务分散服务,并能将这些服务自动串并行组合成为大粒度的服务,且能较好的满足用户需求,这对于本体在ITS中的应用是一种有益的尝试。
(5)设计开发了从智能交通系统中抽取本体以及本体映射的原型系统,实现了文中提出的智能交通领域本体的构建和本体映射的方法。为本体在ITS语义集成中应用研究提供了解决思路。
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the world's cutting-edge field of transportation research. Our country Government will develop ITS as a major direction and priority supported areas. Thus, more and more transport companies and the relevant functional departments are constantly to build a variety of transportation applications of information systems to manage the transport resources. The better we make the information between systems share and interoperate, the better we can make full use of traffic management systems which are exploring, and manage efficiently travelers, vehicles, roads and traffic in a wider range. So we must solve the semantic integration issues between ITS. Only in this way, intelligent transportation of information between various systems can achieve mutual understanding, mutual operations and "intelligent", increase the value-added traffic information service capabilities, and extend the services of ITS.
It also brings many new problems that information required interoperability between systems. Kent pointed out that "when some common concepts in different areas using different methods of processing, there will be errors in understanding". Ontology as an effective modeling method can be used to describe the computer's processing of semantic information; it may also give no unambiguous domain knowledge for semantic interpretation, therefore, ontology provides the necessary conditions for the ITS to achieve semantic integration and application, and provides a key enabling technology for the field of intelligent transportation information on the semantics of interaction.
To this end, the ontological theory will be fully applied to ITS in this paper. The paper is based on Chinese intelligent traffic characteristics, and based on the research result of "Intelligent Transportation System Architecture" supported by national science and technology research project in "9th Five Year Plan". Also, it uses the application of intelligent transportation system as the research object; enhances value-added services of intelligent traffic information as the purpose.
Main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) Study the existing ITS applications and architecture, propose ontology-based integration framework OIFTSI. The framework provides the necessary source of knowledge for the construction of domain ontology and provides information, methods and techniques of macro guidance for the ontology-based semantic integration of the realization of ITS.
(2) We study the ontology construction of intelligent transportation; propose methodology for Intelligent Transportation domain ontology building. Domain ontology construction is an important prerequisite for achieving semantic integration system. This paper analyzes the characteristics of China's intelligent transportation, conducts an intelligent transportation research which is based on a domain ontology modeling, proposes methodology for intelligent transportation domain service ontology and application ontology. The methodology according to extracts from the Intelligent Transportation System ontology rules DB2OE-Rule can be achieved through the algorithm DB2OE-Algo automatic ontology extraction.
(3) We study the ontology mapping of ITS, propose relationship model and ontology mapping model. Relationship model and ontology mapping model are the key to achieve semantic integration of ITS. This paper presents a model of the pattern of relationships with the candidate feature extraction and ontology mapping process in order to improve mapping efficiency; uses multi-strategy mapping mechanism to deal with available information to improve the accuracy of mapping; converts the property mapping problem to the optimal weighted bipartite graph matching problem in order to tap the map semantic relations.
(4) We study the application of ITS semantic integration, propose semantic search tree which is based on the serial and parallel Web service automatic combination method. Web service automatic combination method is the key technology to achieve intelligent traffic information's value-added services. constructing semantic search tree, the service associates degree through the combination of semantic association using combinatorial optimization methods in the process of building a semantic search tree, the method can quickly found that some services are decentralized to meet the service request services and these services can automatically Serial and Parallel combination of a large-grained services, and can better meet customer needs.
(5) A prototype system of extracting ontology from the ITS as well as mapping ontology which proposed in this paper has been designed and developed.The method give a thinking which we can use in the ITS semantic integration application research.
引文
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