基于DSP的通用实时图像处理系统设计与研究
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摘要
现代信息技术的迅猛发展，使得待处理的信息量急剧增加，图像处理方面的研究与应用，尤其是实时图像处理引起了更广泛的关注。近年来，DSP技术的发展不断将数字信号处理领域的理论研究成果应用到实际系统中，并且推动了新的理论和应用领域的发展，对图像处理等领域的技术发展也起到了十分重要的作用。基于DSP的图像处理系统也被广泛的利用于各种领域。
根据本研究室以前研究车牌识别技术成果，进一步改进提高，改进从软、硬件两个方面进行，主要采用DSP技术。在开发研究DSP应用时，不仅仅是为了上述目的，更力争做到通用的DSP图像处理系统。所以，本论文着重于通用DSP图像处理系统的介绍与制作，当然也适用于车牌识别系统。
首先，论文介绍了传统的图像处理系统的特点，并通过分析DSP的芯片以及DSP系统的特点，提出了基于TI公司的TMS320C6x系列TMS320C6205 DSP芯片的通用图像处理系统。该系统能够克服传统基于PC机模式的图像处理系统的缺点，提高系统的实时性能，最大可能的降低成本，并加强系统的知识产权保护。
该系统将图像触发、采集、处理以及图像传输集成到单板上，采用SAA7111和CPLD实现系统前端的图像采集以及图像的输出控制，用DSP进行各类通用的算法设计以及实现与计算机的PCI接口，系统中大容量的FLASH和SDRAM使该系统能够适用于多种应用场合。
随后，本文介绍了TMS320C6205 DSP的结构和特点；详细介绍了该通用实时图像处理系统的各个功能模块的具体设计方法以及实现时应注意的问题；介绍了硬件平台的研制过程和系统软件的实现；讨论了系统FFT处理的实现和性能分析。最后，本文对本系统以及今后基于DSP的图像处理系统的发展作了总结与展望。
With the fast development of modern information technology, the information to be processed increase immensely.The researches and applications of image processing, especially realtime image processing catch great interests from researchs all over the world. In recent years, the development of DSP technology has put the theory achievement of digital signal processing field into practical application systems and pushed the progress of new theory and application. At the same time, it plays an important role in the field of image processing. The DSP-based image processing system can be applicable in many kinds of practical fields.
The dissertation is based on our lab's long-term research in the field of the license plate automatic recognition system. Through hardware and software design and DSP's technical development, the system which the dissertation introduce can overcome the shortcomings of the license plate automatic recognition system. Beside this, the system can not only be used in the field of the license plate automatic recognition but also can used in other image processing areas. So, the dissertation will focus on the universal image processing system's technology and realization.
Firstly, during the analyzing the frame and characteristic of traditional image processing system, and the characters of DSPs chip and DSP systems, the dissertation introduces a universal realtime image system. The system's key image processor is TMS320C6205, which belongs to TMS320Cx's family. This system can overcome the shortage of the traditional image processing system based on PC mode, improve its performance in the field of realtime, reduce the cost of system, and protect the patent.
The system is a high performance image processing single-PCB system, which integrates the function of sensor, image sampling, realtime processing and data transmission. The output contrail of image is implemented by SAA7111 and CPLD. DSP was used to realize varied image processing arithmetic and interface with computer through the PCI bus. Many applying situation could share in this system for its enough FLASH and SDRAM.
Secondly, after introducing the performance, structure and characteristics of TMS320C6205, the dissertation analyzes each function module of the realtime image processing including its design technique and the problem of realization in details, the
developing procedures of hardware platform and the implementing of system software are discussed. Furthermore, the performances of FFT realization using the image processing system are also coverd in this section.
Finally, the dissertation summarizes the system and introduces the prospect of the system in the future.
根据本研究室以前研究车牌识别技术成果，进一步改进提高，改进从软、硬件两个方面进行，主要采用DSP技术。在开发研究DSP应用时，不仅仅是为了上述目的，更力争做到通用的DSP图像处理系统。所以，本论文着重于通用DSP图像处理系统的介绍与制作，当然也适用于车牌识别系统。
首先，论文介绍了传统的图像处理系统的特点，并通过分析DSP的芯片以及DSP系统的特点，提出了基于TI公司的TMS320C6x系列TMS320C6205 DSP芯片的通用图像处理系统。该系统能够克服传统基于PC机模式的图像处理系统的缺点，提高系统的实时性能，最大可能的降低成本，并加强系统的知识产权保护。
该系统将图像触发、采集、处理以及图像传输集成到单板上，采用SAA7111和CPLD实现系统前端的图像采集以及图像的输出控制，用DSP进行各类通用的算法设计以及实现与计算机的PCI接口，系统中大容量的FLASH和SDRAM使该系统能够适用于多种应用场合。
随后，本文介绍了TMS320C6205 DSP的结构和特点；详细介绍了该通用实时图像处理系统的各个功能模块的具体设计方法以及实现时应注意的问题；介绍了硬件平台的研制过程和系统软件的实现；讨论了系统FFT处理的实现和性能分析。最后，本文对本系统以及今后基于DSP的图像处理系统的发展作了总结与展望。
With the fast development of modern information technology, the information to be processed increase immensely.The researches and applications of image processing, especially realtime image processing catch great interests from researchs all over the world. In recent years, the development of DSP technology has put the theory achievement of digital signal processing field into practical application systems and pushed the progress of new theory and application. At the same time, it plays an important role in the field of image processing. The DSP-based image processing system can be applicable in many kinds of practical fields.
The dissertation is based on our lab's long-term research in the field of the license plate automatic recognition system. Through hardware and software design and DSP's technical development, the system which the dissertation introduce can overcome the shortcomings of the license plate automatic recognition system. Beside this, the system can not only be used in the field of the license plate automatic recognition but also can used in other image processing areas. So, the dissertation will focus on the universal image processing system's technology and realization.
Firstly, during the analyzing the frame and characteristic of traditional image processing system, and the characters of DSPs chip and DSP systems, the dissertation introduces a universal realtime image system. The system's key image processor is TMS320C6205, which belongs to TMS320Cx's family. This system can overcome the shortage of the traditional image processing system based on PC mode, improve its performance in the field of realtime, reduce the cost of system, and protect the patent.
The system is a high performance image processing single-PCB system, which integrates the function of sensor, image sampling, realtime processing and data transmission. The output contrail of image is implemented by SAA7111 and CPLD. DSP was used to realize varied image processing arithmetic and interface with computer through the PCI bus. Many applying situation could share in this system for its enough FLASH and SDRAM.
Secondly, after introducing the performance, structure and characteristics of TMS320C6205, the dissertation analyzes each function module of the realtime image processing including its design technique and the problem of realization in details, the
developing procedures of hardware platform and the implementing of system software are discussed. Furthermore, the performances of FFT realization using the image processing system are also coverd in this section.
Finally, the dissertation summarizes the system and introduces the prospect of the system in the future.
引文
[1]A·V·奥本海姆，“数字信号处理”，科学出版社，1980
[2]Vinay K．Ingle，“数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现”，西安交通大学出版社，1998
[3]戴明桢，“数字信号处理的硬件实现”，北京航空工业出版社，1998
[4]胡广书，“数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现”，清华大学出版社，1997
[5]周耀华 汪凯仁，“数字信号处理”，复旦大学出版社，1992
[6]刘海滨，“数字信号处理系统及其应用”，清华大学出版社，1997
[7]R·E·布莱赫特，“数字信号处理的快速算法”，科学出版社，1992
[8]侯朝焕，阎世尊，蒋银林，“实用FFT信号处理技术”，海洋出版社，1990
[9]王念旭，“DSP基础与应用系统设计”，北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[10]任丽香、马淑芬，“TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，2000
[11]俞伦峰，“照识别中关键技术研究”，浙江大学硕士毕业论文，2002
[12]周永财，“用于实时牌照识别的DSP系统的设计”，浙江大学硕士毕业论文，2003
[13]任俊、涂晓昱、傅一平，“基于DSP的实时图像识别系统设计与应用”，光电工程，2004
[14]张雄伟，“DSP芯片的原理与开发应用”，电子工业出版社，2000
[15]DSP解决之道，北京瑞泰创新科技有限公司，2000
[16]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320 DSP Product Family", 1998
[17]Texas Instruments, "Code Composer Studio User's Guide", 2000
[18]Texas Instruments Co."TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide",1999
[19]Texas Instruments Co."TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide", 1999
[20]曾繁泰，“PCI总线与多媒体计算机”，电子工业出版社，1997
[21]刘晖，“PCI系统结构(第四版)”，电子工业出版社，2000
[22]SAA7111A data sheet, May 1998
[23]ALTERA Co. "MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet", 2002
[24]ALTERA Co. "Altera Programming Hardware", 2001
[25]SN74ALVC7804 data sheet, 1995
[26]SST39VF160 data sheet, 2001
[27]HY57V651620B data sheet, Nov 1998
[28]TPS70148 date sheet, 1998
[29]mic29150 date sheet, 2000
[30]THE I~2C-BUS SPECIFICATION, VERSION2.1, JAN. 2000
[31]Texas Instruments Co. "Interfacing the TMS320C54x DSP to an I2C Bus",2002
[32]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF to External FIFO Interface",1999
[33]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface", Dec. 2001. 10～15
[34]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF to External FLASH Memory", Feb. 2002. 6,14,25～27
[35]Texas Instruments, "How to Begin Development with the TMS320C6205 DSP application", 2000
[36]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6000 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide", 2001
[37]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6X C Source Debugger User's Guide", 1999
[38]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide", 2002
[39]S.Marcelja, "Mathematical description of the response of simple cortical cells", J.Opt. Soc. Amer., 70, 1297-1300, 1980
[40]傅一平，“基于Gabor与小波的边缘检测理论、快速算法与应用研究”，浙江大学博士论文，2004
[41]肖志涛，“基于相位信息的图像特征检测和基于DSP的图像匹配处理机的研究”，天津大学博士论文，2002
[42]肖儿良，“可编程视频输入处理芯片SAA7111及其在图象多媒体中的应用”，电子应用技术，1999
[43]周富强，“视觉检测中高速图像采集技术的研究”，北京航空航天大学学报，2002
[44]沙吉乐，“基于FPGA技术的新型高速图象采集”，电子应用技术，2000
[45]吴东晖，“双DSP的实时图象处理系统”，电子应用技术，1999
[46]李东森，“TMS320C6X为核心的实时视频图像处理器的初步设计”，红外技术，2001
[47]迟泽英，“高速DSP视频图像数字处理电路几个关键问题的研究分析”，红外技术，2001
[48]童刚，“DSP的双电源解决方案”，电子应用技术，2002
[49]容观奥，“计算机图像处理”，清华大学出版社，2000
[50]章毓普，“图像处理和分析”，清华大学出版社，1999
[51]DSP系列教材编写组，“Code Composer Studio教程”中国人民解放军信息工程大学
[52]C.E.Leiserson and J.B.Saxe, "Retiming synchronous circuitry," Algorithmica, vol.6, pp.5-35, 1991
[53]G.Goossens, J.Vandewalle, and H. De Man, "Loop optimization in register-transfer scheduling for DSP-systems," in Proc. ACM/IEEE Des. Automat. Conf., 1989, pp.826-831
[54]E.Granston, R.Scales, E.Stotzer, A. Ward, and J.Zbiciak. "Controlling code size of software-pipelined loops on theTMS320C6000 VLIW DSP architecture", In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Media and Streaming Processorsin conjunctionwith 34th Annual International Symposium on Microarchiteoture, pages 29-38. ACM, Dec. 2001
[55]R.A.Huff, "Lifetime-sensitive modulo scheduling", in:Conference Record of SIGPLAN Programming Language Design and Implementation, Albuquerque, NM, June 1993, pp.258-267
[56]Lmda Geppert, "High-flying DSP Architectures", IEEE Spectrum Nov, 1998
[57]Dave Bursky, "Parallel-Processing DSP Chip Delivers Top Speed", Electronic Design, p43—49, Oct.10, 1991
[58]Dave Bursky, "DSP Expand Role as Cost Drops and Speed Increases",Electronic Design, p53—81, Oct.10, 1991
[59]Takeshi Oto, et al,"A New DSP Architecture Suited for Image Analysis",In. Proc. of IEEE, p1181—1184, 1991
[60]J.A.Fisher, "The VLIW machine: a multiprocessor for compiling scientific code", Computer 17 (July 1984) 45-53
[2]Vinay K．Ingle，“数字信号处理及其MATLAB实现”，西安交通大学出版社，1998
[3]戴明桢，“数字信号处理的硬件实现”，北京航空工业出版社，1998
[4]胡广书，“数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现”，清华大学出版社，1997
[5]周耀华 汪凯仁，“数字信号处理”，复旦大学出版社，1992
[6]刘海滨，“数字信号处理系统及其应用”，清华大学出版社，1997
[7]R·E·布莱赫特，“数字信号处理的快速算法”，科学出版社，1992
[8]侯朝焕，阎世尊，蒋银林，“实用FFT信号处理技术”，海洋出版社，1990
[9]王念旭，“DSP基础与应用系统设计”，北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[10]任丽香、马淑芬，“TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，2000
[11]俞伦峰，“照识别中关键技术研究”，浙江大学硕士毕业论文，2002
[12]周永财，“用于实时牌照识别的DSP系统的设计”，浙江大学硕士毕业论文，2003
[13]任俊、涂晓昱、傅一平，“基于DSP的实时图像识别系统设计与应用”，光电工程，2004
[14]张雄伟，“DSP芯片的原理与开发应用”，电子工业出版社，2000
[15]DSP解决之道，北京瑞泰创新科技有限公司，2000
[16]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320 DSP Product Family", 1998
[17]Texas Instruments, "Code Composer Studio User's Guide", 2000
[18]Texas Instruments Co."TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide",1999
[19]Texas Instruments Co."TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide", 1999
[20]曾繁泰，“PCI总线与多媒体计算机”，电子工业出版社，1997
[21]刘晖，“PCI系统结构(第四版)”，电子工业出版社，2000
[22]SAA7111A data sheet, May 1998
[23]ALTERA Co. "MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet", 2002
[24]ALTERA Co. "Altera Programming Hardware", 2001
[25]SN74ALVC7804 data sheet, 1995
[26]SST39VF160 data sheet, 2001
[27]HY57V651620B data sheet, Nov 1998
[28]TPS70148 date sheet, 1998
[29]mic29150 date sheet, 2000
[30]THE I~2C-BUS SPECIFICATION, VERSION2.1, JAN. 2000
[31]Texas Instruments Co. "Interfacing the TMS320C54x DSP to an I2C Bus",2002
[32]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF to External FIFO Interface",1999
[33]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF-to-External SDRAM Interface", Dec. 2001. 10～15
[34]Texas Instruments Co. "TMS320C6000 EMIF to External FLASH Memory", Feb. 2002. 6,14,25～27
[35]Texas Instruments, "How to Begin Development with the TMS320C6205 DSP application", 2000
[36]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6000 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide", 2001
[37]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6X C Source Debugger User's Guide", 1999
[38]Texas Instruments, "TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide", 2002
[39]S.Marcelja, "Mathematical description of the response of simple cortical cells", J.Opt. Soc. Amer., 70, 1297-1300, 1980
[40]傅一平，“基于Gabor与小波的边缘检测理论、快速算法与应用研究”，浙江大学博士论文，2004
[41]肖志涛，“基于相位信息的图像特征检测和基于DSP的图像匹配处理机的研究”，天津大学博士论文，2002
[42]肖儿良，“可编程视频输入处理芯片SAA7111及其在图象多媒体中的应用”，电子应用技术，1999
[43]周富强，“视觉检测中高速图像采集技术的研究”，北京航空航天大学学报，2002
[44]沙吉乐，“基于FPGA技术的新型高速图象采集”，电子应用技术，2000
[45]吴东晖，“双DSP的实时图象处理系统”，电子应用技术，1999
[46]李东森，“TMS320C6X为核心的实时视频图像处理器的初步设计”，红外技术，2001
[47]迟泽英，“高速DSP视频图像数字处理电路几个关键问题的研究分析”，红外技术，2001
[48]童刚，“DSP的双电源解决方案”，电子应用技术，2002
[49]容观奥，“计算机图像处理”，清华大学出版社，2000
[50]章毓普，“图像处理和分析”，清华大学出版社，1999
[51]DSP系列教材编写组，“Code Composer Studio教程”中国人民解放军信息工程大学
[52]C.E.Leiserson and J.B.Saxe, "Retiming synchronous circuitry," Algorithmica, vol.6, pp.5-35, 1991
[53]G.Goossens, J.Vandewalle, and H. De Man, "Loop optimization in register-transfer scheduling for DSP-systems," in Proc. ACM/IEEE Des. Automat. Conf., 1989, pp.826-831
[54]E.Granston, R.Scales, E.Stotzer, A. Ward, and J.Zbiciak. "Controlling code size of software-pipelined loops on theTMS320C6000 VLIW DSP architecture", In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Media and Streaming Processorsin conjunctionwith 34th Annual International Symposium on Microarchiteoture, pages 29-38. ACM, Dec. 2001
[55]R.A.Huff, "Lifetime-sensitive modulo scheduling", in:Conference Record of SIGPLAN Programming Language Design and Implementation, Albuquerque, NM, June 1993, pp.258-267
[56]Lmda Geppert, "High-flying DSP Architectures", IEEE Spectrum Nov, 1998
[57]Dave Bursky, "Parallel-Processing DSP Chip Delivers Top Speed", Electronic Design, p43—49, Oct.10, 1991
[58]Dave Bursky, "DSP Expand Role as Cost Drops and Speed Increases",Electronic Design, p53—81, Oct.10, 1991
[59]Takeshi Oto, et al,"A New DSP Architecture Suited for Image Analysis",In. Proc. of IEEE, p1181—1184, 1991
[60]J.A.Fisher, "The VLIW machine: a multiprocessor for compiling scientific code", Computer 17 (July 1984) 45-53
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