开级配大粒径沥青碎石组成设计参数与方法研究
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摘要
半刚性基层沥青路面早期损坏现象,严重影响了道路的使用寿命,强度高、耐冲刷的刚性基层越来越受到重视。但是,刚性基层沥青路面结构普遍存在反射裂缝的问题,这制约了刚性基层沥青路面结构的推广应用。此外,沥青路面的水损坏现象普遍存在,严重降低了路面的使用寿命。为了解决沥青路面的反射裂缝和水损坏问题,本文展开了对开级配大粒径沥青碎石的研究。开级配大粒径沥青碎石(OLSM)具有集料粒径大和空隙率大的特点,可以起到延缓反射裂缝和排除路面内积滞水的作用。本文在分析OLSM性能要求和评价方法的基础上,深入研究了OLSM组成设计参数与设计方法,对OLSM进一步的推广应用具有重要意义。
本文首先提出了采用变Ⅰ法对OLSM粗、细集料级配分别进行设计；通过均匀试验回归分析得出,26.5mm、9.5mm和4.75mm为粗集料的关键筛孔,2.36mm、0.3mm和0.075mm为细集料的关键筛孔,并分别对粗、细集料级配范围进行优化。采用试验的方法,研究了OLSM的技术特性随粗细集料体积比的变化规律；随着粗细集料体积比的增大,OLSM空隙率呈逐渐增大趋势,其强度、水稳定性和高温稳定性均呈逐渐降低趋势,其低温抗裂性和抗反射裂缝性能呈先提高后降低趋势；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了粗细集料体积比范围为78/22-88/12。
以路面实际压实状况为标准评价了不同成型方法的适用性,轮碾法成型效果最好；旋转压实法和大型马歇尔击实法成型效果良好；静压法成型与路面实际压实状况相差甚远,不适合用于成型OLSM。通过对OLSM的性能要求与评价方法进行了分析,提出了适合OLSM强度、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和透水性等性能的评价方法。根据反射裂缝形成机理,自行研发了评价沥青混合料抗反射裂缝的试验装置,提出了以直接拉伸试验、剪切试验和弯拉-剪切混合疲劳试验为抗反射裂缝性能的评价方法,以综合抗裂度为抗反射裂缝性能的评价指标,并阐明了沥青混合料抗反射裂缝的作用机理。
采用试验的方法研究了OLSM的技术特性随沥青胶浆的变化规律；随着粉胶比的增大,OLSM的空隙率呈逐渐增大趋势,其强度、水稳定性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗反射裂缝性能呈先增大后减小的趋势；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了粉胶比范围为0.8-1.4。随着胶浆膜厚度的增大,OLSM的空隙率逐渐减小,其强度、高温稳定性和抗反射裂缝性能先增大后减小,其水稳定性和低温抗裂性逐渐增大；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了胶浆膜厚度范围为50～62μm。
通过分析矿料比表面积计算模型,证实了等比数列法能够较为准确的反映颗粒粒径的实际分布情况,并建立了基于等比数列法的OLSM矿料比表面积计算模型；通过回归分析发现,力学指标与其路用性能具有较好的相关性,提出了采用力学指标法确定OLSM最佳胶浆用量；根据OLSM组成特点及本文的研究成果,提出了基于沥青胶浆的OLSM组成设计体系。
Asphalt pavement with semi-rigid type base often produces serious early damage, and it strongly reduces the useful time of the road. Therefore, rigid base with the characteristics of high strength and scouring resistance has been paid more and more attention. However, asphalt pavement with rigid base produces reflective cracking usually, which restricts the application of it. In addition, water damage to asphalt pavement is widespread, which strongly reduces the life of it. Open-graded large stone asphalt mixes (OLSM) has the largest aggregate nominal diameter greater than26.5mm and the porosity of it is larger than15%. It is usually used as the lower surface layer of asphalt pavement, in order to delay reflection crack and discharge water. This paper analyzes the performance evaluation method of OLSM, and studies composition design parameters and design method of it. It is significance to further popularize and apply OLSM.
The paper designs coarse and fine aggregate gradation of OLSM by numerical calculation method of varying I, and determins key sieve pores of aggregate gradation based on the uniform experimental design. The relations between OLSM performances and volume ratio of coarse and fine aggregate (Rcf) are studied though the tests. The results show that: with the value of Rcf increasing, the porosity of OLSM increases, the strength, water stability and high temperature stability of it decrease, and low-temperature crack resistance and reflection cracking resistance increase first and then decrease. Based on the technical requirements, the reasonable ranges of Rcf and aggregate gradation of OLSM are recommended.
To pavement compaction condition for standard, the paper evaluates the applicability of different molding methods. Wheel rolling method, gyratory compaction method and Marshall Compaction method are applicable to OLSM molding, but static pressure method is not suitable for forming OLSM. According to the characteristics of OLSM, the reasonable performance evaluation methods of it are confirmed. In addition, the paper developed the test device of reflection cracking resistance, and proposed the evaluation method and index of it based on the test results. And, action mechanism of reflection cracking resistance is illustrated.
In order to provide parameters for the composition design, the relations between OLSM performances and asphalt mortar are studied though the tests. The results show that:with the value of the ratio of filler to bitumen increasing, the porosity of OLSM increases, the strength, water stability, high temperature, low-temperature crack resistance and reflection cracking resistance of it increase first and then decrease. And with the thickness of mortar film increasing, the porosity of OLSM decreases, the strength, high temperature, reflection cracking resistance of it increase first and then decrease, and the water stability and low-temperature crack resistance of it increase. Based on the technical requirements, the reasonable ranges of the mortar film thickness and ratio of filler to bitumen are recommended.
By analyzing various calculation models of mineral aggregate surface area, the paper confirms that geometric progression method canaccurately reflect the actual distribution of grain diameter, and establishes the calculation model of mineral aggregate surface area based on the geometric progression method. Through regression analysis, it is found that mechanics index and pavement performance has good correlation,and the determination method of OLSM's optimum asphalt content is proposed based on the mechanics index method. Collecting the research findings in the paper, composition design system for OLSM based on mortar is put forward.
本文首先提出了采用变Ⅰ法对OLSM粗、细集料级配分别进行设计；通过均匀试验回归分析得出,26.5mm、9.5mm和4.75mm为粗集料的关键筛孔,2.36mm、0.3mm和0.075mm为细集料的关键筛孔,并分别对粗、细集料级配范围进行优化。采用试验的方法,研究了OLSM的技术特性随粗细集料体积比的变化规律；随着粗细集料体积比的增大,OLSM空隙率呈逐渐增大趋势,其强度、水稳定性和高温稳定性均呈逐渐降低趋势,其低温抗裂性和抗反射裂缝性能呈先提高后降低趋势；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了粗细集料体积比范围为78/22-88/12。
以路面实际压实状况为标准评价了不同成型方法的适用性,轮碾法成型效果最好；旋转压实法和大型马歇尔击实法成型效果良好；静压法成型与路面实际压实状况相差甚远,不适合用于成型OLSM。通过对OLSM的性能要求与评价方法进行了分析,提出了适合OLSM强度、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和透水性等性能的评价方法。根据反射裂缝形成机理,自行研发了评价沥青混合料抗反射裂缝的试验装置,提出了以直接拉伸试验、剪切试验和弯拉-剪切混合疲劳试验为抗反射裂缝性能的评价方法,以综合抗裂度为抗反射裂缝性能的评价指标,并阐明了沥青混合料抗反射裂缝的作用机理。
采用试验的方法研究了OLSM的技术特性随沥青胶浆的变化规律；随着粉胶比的增大,OLSM的空隙率呈逐渐增大趋势,其强度、水稳定性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗反射裂缝性能呈先增大后减小的趋势；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了粉胶比范围为0.8-1.4。随着胶浆膜厚度的增大,OLSM的空隙率逐渐减小,其强度、高温稳定性和抗反射裂缝性能先增大后减小,其水稳定性和低温抗裂性逐渐增大；综合平衡考虑OLSM各个方面的性能,推荐了胶浆膜厚度范围为50～62μm。
通过分析矿料比表面积计算模型,证实了等比数列法能够较为准确的反映颗粒粒径的实际分布情况,并建立了基于等比数列法的OLSM矿料比表面积计算模型；通过回归分析发现,力学指标与其路用性能具有较好的相关性,提出了采用力学指标法确定OLSM最佳胶浆用量；根据OLSM组成特点及本文的研究成果,提出了基于沥青胶浆的OLSM组成设计体系。
Asphalt pavement with semi-rigid type base often produces serious early damage, and it strongly reduces the useful time of the road. Therefore, rigid base with the characteristics of high strength and scouring resistance has been paid more and more attention. However, asphalt pavement with rigid base produces reflective cracking usually, which restricts the application of it. In addition, water damage to asphalt pavement is widespread, which strongly reduces the life of it. Open-graded large stone asphalt mixes (OLSM) has the largest aggregate nominal diameter greater than26.5mm and the porosity of it is larger than15%. It is usually used as the lower surface layer of asphalt pavement, in order to delay reflection crack and discharge water. This paper analyzes the performance evaluation method of OLSM, and studies composition design parameters and design method of it. It is significance to further popularize and apply OLSM.
The paper designs coarse and fine aggregate gradation of OLSM by numerical calculation method of varying I, and determins key sieve pores of aggregate gradation based on the uniform experimental design. The relations between OLSM performances and volume ratio of coarse and fine aggregate (Rcf) are studied though the tests. The results show that: with the value of Rcf increasing, the porosity of OLSM increases, the strength, water stability and high temperature stability of it decrease, and low-temperature crack resistance and reflection cracking resistance increase first and then decrease. Based on the technical requirements, the reasonable ranges of Rcf and aggregate gradation of OLSM are recommended.
To pavement compaction condition for standard, the paper evaluates the applicability of different molding methods. Wheel rolling method, gyratory compaction method and Marshall Compaction method are applicable to OLSM molding, but static pressure method is not suitable for forming OLSM. According to the characteristics of OLSM, the reasonable performance evaluation methods of it are confirmed. In addition, the paper developed the test device of reflection cracking resistance, and proposed the evaluation method and index of it based on the test results. And, action mechanism of reflection cracking resistance is illustrated.
In order to provide parameters for the composition design, the relations between OLSM performances and asphalt mortar are studied though the tests. The results show that:with the value of the ratio of filler to bitumen increasing, the porosity of OLSM increases, the strength, water stability, high temperature, low-temperature crack resistance and reflection cracking resistance of it increase first and then decrease. And with the thickness of mortar film increasing, the porosity of OLSM decreases, the strength, high temperature, reflection cracking resistance of it increase first and then decrease, and the water stability and low-temperature crack resistance of it increase. Based on the technical requirements, the reasonable ranges of the mortar film thickness and ratio of filler to bitumen are recommended.
By analyzing various calculation models of mineral aggregate surface area, the paper confirms that geometric progression method canaccurately reflect the actual distribution of grain diameter, and establishes the calculation model of mineral aggregate surface area based on the geometric progression method. Through regression analysis, it is found that mechanics index and pavement performance has good correlation,and the determination method of OLSM's optimum asphalt content is proposed based on the mechanics index method. Collecting the research findings in the paper, composition design system for OLSM based on mortar is put forward.
引文
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