智能温室环境控制系统的设计与试验研究
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摘要
本文从国内外温室的起源入手。概述了温室在东西方的发展历史以及温室在国内外的发展现状。国外的温室在20世纪60年代开始飞速发展，如今已有相当的水平，相比之下我国则起步较晚，水平也较低，通过从国外引进先进的温室技术是促进我国温室发展的方法之一。最后介绍了国内外温室的发展趋势并指出节能、环保和改善工作条件是未来温室发展的核心。
温室环境监控技术是智能温室的核心技术之一，同时也是最难掌握的技术之一。我国的温室技术虽然取得了长足的进步。但是在这一方面还是非常落后的。针对这一缺点，本文在设计了一种较为先进的温室环境监测控制系统。在该系统中，PC机作为上位机，它可以接受下位机系统传输过来的信号，并可以通过它打印和查询下位机发送来的环境测量值。同时通过PC机还可以对控制标准值进行部分或全部的修改。换而言之，PC机是作为一个管理机构存在的，无论它是否工作正常，都不会影响到温室监控系统的工作。这样保证了整个温室系统工作的可靠性。在比较了各类通信标准的基础上，选择了RS-485通信接口技术标准。以它为基础，构成了整个温室的通信系统。同时，以PIC系列单片机为核心，构建了各个下位机的通信模块。这些通信模块具有可编程性和智能化的特点。它们可以轻易的以软件的方式来辨别所接收到的信号的类别，具有抗干扰能力强的优点。同时，也简化了各个通信模块的电路设计。本文详细的介绍了温室中所用到的传感器。同时，本文也给了出来大部分的传感器电路图和执行机构控制电路图。液晶显示器和日历时钟在系统的设计和使用中有较多的应用，所以在本文中也有关于它们的详细介绍。本文也给出了各个通信模块的程序流程图。通过实践，按照这些流程图编制出来的程序是可行的。
经过模拟运行，该温室具有这样的优点：电路结构简单；温室的智能化程度高，控制能力可靠，它可以将温室中的环境因子控制在一定的范围之内；整个温室的通信系统抗干扰能力强，而且可以实现各个通信模块的热拔插，非常便于系统的扩展。
With the beginning of introducing the origin of domestic and international greenhouse, this text has summed up the developing history of greenhouse in the east and west, and its current situation of the development at home and abroad of greenhouse in a brief way. The foreign greenhouse began to develop at full speed in the sixties of the 20th century, which now already had a very high level. Development of greenhouse in our country is late, which have relatively lower levels. One of the methods to promote greenhouse in our country is to introduce advanced greenhouse technology from foreign countries. Domestic and international trend of development in greenhouse is introduced, and finally it is pointed out that energy- conservation, environmental protection, and improving condition of work are core of development in future greenhouse.
The environmental monitoring technology is one of the key technology of intelligent greenhouse, at the same time it is even one of the technology which is the most difficult to master. Though greenhouse technology of our country has made considerable progress, it is very backward in term of environmental monitoring technology of the greenhouse. In order to break through such limitation, a system of advanced greenhouse environmental monitoring is designed in this text. In this system, as master computer, PC can get signal that is send by slave computer, and By using PC, value of environment can be typed and inquired about. The standard environmental parameter can also be modifiable at the same time. In another word, the PC plays an administrant role, which cannot influence the work of the monitoring system of the greenhouse. Working in this way can guarantee the reliability of the system of the greenhouse. Based on comparing all kinds of communication standards, RS-485 communication interface technical standard has been chosen. Based on it, completely system of communication in greenhouse is constructed. Based upon single chip microcomputer of PIC series, each module of communication of slave computer is structured. These modules of communication are programmable and intelligent. They can easily classify the received signal by way of software; and have strong ability of anti-interference. As a result, circuit diagram of each communication module is simplified. Sensors used in greenhouse are introduced in detail in this text. Circuit diagram of most sensor and executive machine have been given in this text. Liquid crystal display and RTC have more application in the design and using of the system, so a detailed introduction about them is given in the text. This text provides the flow chart of procedure of each communication module too. Trough practice, it has been proved that these flow charts of the procedures are feasible.
By simulate running, this greenhouse has these advantages: The circuit is simple; the degree of intelligent of the greenhouse is in a high level, and the control ability is reliable, which can control the environmental factor in the greenhouse within a certain range. Ability of anti-interference of corresponding system is high, and Hot Plug can be realized, which made systematic expansion easy.
温室环境监控技术是智能温室的核心技术之一，同时也是最难掌握的技术之一。我国的温室技术虽然取得了长足的进步。但是在这一方面还是非常落后的。针对这一缺点，本文在设计了一种较为先进的温室环境监测控制系统。在该系统中，PC机作为上位机，它可以接受下位机系统传输过来的信号，并可以通过它打印和查询下位机发送来的环境测量值。同时通过PC机还可以对控制标准值进行部分或全部的修改。换而言之，PC机是作为一个管理机构存在的，无论它是否工作正常，都不会影响到温室监控系统的工作。这样保证了整个温室系统工作的可靠性。在比较了各类通信标准的基础上，选择了RS-485通信接口技术标准。以它为基础，构成了整个温室的通信系统。同时，以PIC系列单片机为核心，构建了各个下位机的通信模块。这些通信模块具有可编程性和智能化的特点。它们可以轻易的以软件的方式来辨别所接收到的信号的类别，具有抗干扰能力强的优点。同时，也简化了各个通信模块的电路设计。本文详细的介绍了温室中所用到的传感器。同时，本文也给了出来大部分的传感器电路图和执行机构控制电路图。液晶显示器和日历时钟在系统的设计和使用中有较多的应用，所以在本文中也有关于它们的详细介绍。本文也给出了各个通信模块的程序流程图。通过实践，按照这些流程图编制出来的程序是可行的。
经过模拟运行，该温室具有这样的优点：电路结构简单；温室的智能化程度高，控制能力可靠，它可以将温室中的环境因子控制在一定的范围之内；整个温室的通信系统抗干扰能力强，而且可以实现各个通信模块的热拔插，非常便于系统的扩展。
With the beginning of introducing the origin of domestic and international greenhouse, this text has summed up the developing history of greenhouse in the east and west, and its current situation of the development at home and abroad of greenhouse in a brief way. The foreign greenhouse began to develop at full speed in the sixties of the 20th century, which now already had a very high level. Development of greenhouse in our country is late, which have relatively lower levels. One of the methods to promote greenhouse in our country is to introduce advanced greenhouse technology from foreign countries. Domestic and international trend of development in greenhouse is introduced, and finally it is pointed out that energy- conservation, environmental protection, and improving condition of work are core of development in future greenhouse.
The environmental monitoring technology is one of the key technology of intelligent greenhouse, at the same time it is even one of the technology which is the most difficult to master. Though greenhouse technology of our country has made considerable progress, it is very backward in term of environmental monitoring technology of the greenhouse. In order to break through such limitation, a system of advanced greenhouse environmental monitoring is designed in this text. In this system, as master computer, PC can get signal that is send by slave computer, and By using PC, value of environment can be typed and inquired about. The standard environmental parameter can also be modifiable at the same time. In another word, the PC plays an administrant role, which cannot influence the work of the monitoring system of the greenhouse. Working in this way can guarantee the reliability of the system of the greenhouse. Based on comparing all kinds of communication standards, RS-485 communication interface technical standard has been chosen. Based on it, completely system of communication in greenhouse is constructed. Based upon single chip microcomputer of PIC series, each module of communication of slave computer is structured. These modules of communication are programmable and intelligent. They can easily classify the received signal by way of software; and have strong ability of anti-interference. As a result, circuit diagram of each communication module is simplified. Sensors used in greenhouse are introduced in detail in this text. Circuit diagram of most sensor and executive machine have been given in this text. Liquid crystal display and RTC have more application in the design and using of the system, so a detailed introduction about them is given in the text. This text provides the flow chart of procedure of each communication module too. Trough practice, it has been proved that these flow charts of the procedures are feasible.
By simulate running, this greenhouse has these advantages: The circuit is simple; the degree of intelligent of the greenhouse is in a high level, and the control ability is reliable, which can control the environmental factor in the greenhouse within a certain range. Ability of anti-interference of corresponding system is high, and Hot Plug can be realized, which made systematic expansion easy.
引文
[1]周长吉．现代温室工程．北京：化学工业出版社，2003，1～12
[2]安志信，鞠佩华，郭富常等．温室发展进程初释．农业工程学报．1990(2)：21～25
[3]冯广和．世界各国现代温室的发展温室园艺 2003(5)：29～30
[4]房健．荷兰玻璃温室蔬菜种植的特点世界农业 2001(10)：26～27
[5]彭桂兰，张学军，张新东．温室环境计算机测控技术的研究现状和发展趋势．现代化农业2002(5) 9～11
[6]Ir．Gnus van de Berg(荷兰)、汤卫国(编译)．荷兰温室环境控制系统的发展．现代化农业装备．2003(2)：41～42
[7]罗中岭．美国花卉温室现状及温室环境调节最新进展农业工程学报1993(4)：67～71
[8]Liderth A Jane. Testing their mettle—the Top 100 Growers. J Amer Greenhouse Grower, May 1992, 16
[9]郑光华．美国设施农业发展概况．世界农业．1999(3)：13～16
[10]柴强、黄高宝．以色列的持续高效农业．世界农业．2002(2)：26～27
[11]贺学礼．以色列的现代化农业．干旱地区农业研究．2001(6)：127～129
[12]符少辉．以色列现代农业的特点及启示．湖南农业大学学报．1998(4)：337～340
[13]赵尊练．以色列节水设施农业及其对我国西部农业大开发的借鉴作用．水土保持学报．2002(2)：6～11
[14]王惠永．我国设施园艺生产概况．农业工程学报．1995(11)：120～125
[15]张玄兵、宋希强、钟云芳等．我国温室发展概况．北方园艺．2001(2)：1～2
[16]夏晓东，胡良龙．我国设施农业和工厂化农业的现状与发展．中国农机化 1998(15)：1～3
[17]潘文维、罗庆熙、李军．我国温室产业现状及发展建议．北方园艺．2002(3)：4～5
[18]高建平、赵龙庆 温室计算机控制与管理技术的发展概况及在我国的应用前景．计算机与农业．2003(2)：12～15
[19]李萍萍，毛罕平．我国温室生产的现状与亟待研究的技术问题探讨．农业机械学报．1996(3)：135～139
[20]Zhou Chang ji, Cheng Qingyang. The imported greenhouses and their performances. Transactions of the CSAE. 1998 (14): 53～58
[21]Zhou Chang ji, gang Yingkuan. Modern Greenhouses and Their performances in China Transactions of the CSAE, 2001(1): 16～21
[22]彭桂兰，张学军，张新东．温室环境计算机测控技术的研究现状和发展趋势．现代化农业．2002年(5)：9～10
[23]孙忠富，陈青云，吴毅明．计算机在现代温室中的应用现献及前景．农业工程学报．1998(增刊)：22～27
[24]N Ehler. Interfacing crop models to standard software for greenhouse climate control. Ecol Modelling, 1991(56):245～257
[25]岛地英夫．设施生产中的系统化及环境控制(2)．设施园艺．1994(3)：11～20
[26]陈正法，张茵茵，梁称福．我国日光温室研究进展及发展趋势．中国农学通报．1999(5)：37～41
[27]戴志中．我国设施农业机械的现状及发展趋势分析．2000(2)：10～11
[28]刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2007，207～257
[29]佃松宜，汪一吴，汪道辉．基于RS485总线的远程双向数据通信系统的设计与实现．电子技术．2001(11)：27～30
[30]MAXIN.MAX481～MAX1487 data book
[31]李学海．PIC单片机实用教程—基础篇．北京：北京航空航天出版社，2002，6～15
[32]吴达科．智能涡街流量计的设计研究：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：西南农业大学，2003．27～35
[33]Dallas.DS12C887 data book
[34]彭希南．跨越2000年的时钟芯片DS12887／DS12C887．电子技术．1999(8)：34～38
[35]林国清，李见为，王崇文．一种新型的时钟日历芯片DS12C887．国外电子元件，2002(3)：61～63
[36]李维缇，郭强．液晶显示技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2000，339～362
[37]张蓬鹤，王宇．液晶显示器的接口及应用．电子器件应用．2003(11)：23～26
[38]河南汉威电子公司．技术资料
[39]Honeywell.HIH-3602-A data book
[40]沙占有．智能化集成温度传感器原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2002，1～7
[41]童诗白，华成英．模拟电子技术基础．北京：高等教育出版社，2000，23～33
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[48]余泳昌，胡建东，毛鹏军．现代化温室环境参数的模糊控制．农业工程学报．2002(3)：72～75
[49]杨卫中，张曙光，蔡振江等．温室自动控制系统的试验研究．农业工程学报．1999(9)：259～261
[50]杨伦标，高英仪．模糊数学原理及应用．广州：华南理工出版社，1995，276～289
[2]安志信，鞠佩华，郭富常等．温室发展进程初释．农业工程学报．1990(2)：21～25
[3]冯广和．世界各国现代温室的发展温室园艺 2003(5)：29～30
[4]房健．荷兰玻璃温室蔬菜种植的特点世界农业 2001(10)：26～27
[5]彭桂兰，张学军，张新东．温室环境计算机测控技术的研究现状和发展趋势．现代化农业2002(5) 9～11
[6]Ir．Gnus van de Berg(荷兰)、汤卫国(编译)．荷兰温室环境控制系统的发展．现代化农业装备．2003(2)：41～42
[7]罗中岭．美国花卉温室现状及温室环境调节最新进展农业工程学报1993(4)：67～71
[8]Liderth A Jane. Testing their mettle—the Top 100 Growers. J Amer Greenhouse Grower, May 1992, 16
[9]郑光华．美国设施农业发展概况．世界农业．1999(3)：13～16
[10]柴强、黄高宝．以色列的持续高效农业．世界农业．2002(2)：26～27
[11]贺学礼．以色列的现代化农业．干旱地区农业研究．2001(6)：127～129
[12]符少辉．以色列现代农业的特点及启示．湖南农业大学学报．1998(4)：337～340
[13]赵尊练．以色列节水设施农业及其对我国西部农业大开发的借鉴作用．水土保持学报．2002(2)：6～11
[14]王惠永．我国设施园艺生产概况．农业工程学报．1995(11)：120～125
[15]张玄兵、宋希强、钟云芳等．我国温室发展概况．北方园艺．2001(2)：1～2
[16]夏晓东，胡良龙．我国设施农业和工厂化农业的现状与发展．中国农机化 1998(15)：1～3
[17]潘文维、罗庆熙、李军．我国温室产业现状及发展建议．北方园艺．2002(3)：4～5
[18]高建平、赵龙庆 温室计算机控制与管理技术的发展概况及在我国的应用前景．计算机与农业．2003(2)：12～15
[19]李萍萍，毛罕平．我国温室生产的现状与亟待研究的技术问题探讨．农业机械学报．1996(3)：135～139
[20]Zhou Chang ji, Cheng Qingyang. The imported greenhouses and their performances. Transactions of the CSAE. 1998 (14): 53～58
[21]Zhou Chang ji, gang Yingkuan. Modern Greenhouses and Their performances in China Transactions of the CSAE, 2001(1): 16～21
[22]彭桂兰，张学军，张新东．温室环境计算机测控技术的研究现状和发展趋势．现代化农业．2002年(5)：9～10
[23]孙忠富，陈青云，吴毅明．计算机在现代温室中的应用现献及前景．农业工程学报．1998(增刊)：22～27
[24]N Ehler. Interfacing crop models to standard software for greenhouse climate control. Ecol Modelling, 1991(56):245～257
[25]岛地英夫．设施生产中的系统化及环境控制(2)．设施园艺．1994(3)：11～20
[26]陈正法，张茵茵，梁称福．我国日光温室研究进展及发展趋势．中国农学通报．1999(5)：37～41
[27]戴志中．我国设施农业机械的现状及发展趋势分析．2000(2)：10～11
[28]刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2007，207～257
[29]佃松宜，汪一吴，汪道辉．基于RS485总线的远程双向数据通信系统的设计与实现．电子技术．2001(11)：27～30
[30]MAXIN.MAX481～MAX1487 data book
[31]李学海．PIC单片机实用教程—基础篇．北京：北京航空航天出版社，2002，6～15
[32]吴达科．智能涡街流量计的设计研究：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：西南农业大学，2003．27～35
[33]Dallas.DS12C887 data book
[34]彭希南．跨越2000年的时钟芯片DS12887／DS12C887．电子技术．1999(8)：34～38
[35]林国清，李见为，王崇文．一种新型的时钟日历芯片DS12C887．国外电子元件，2002(3)：61～63
[36]李维缇，郭强．液晶显示技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2000，339～362
[37]张蓬鹤，王宇．液晶显示器的接口及应用．电子器件应用．2003(11)：23～26
[38]河南汉威电子公司．技术资料
[39]Honeywell.HIH-3602-A data book
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