基于ARM处理器Linux开发平台的发动机振动测量仪的研究与实现
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摘要
在数字信息技术与网络技术高速发展的今天,嵌入式系统已经广泛的应用于科学研究、工程设计、军事技术、工商业及人们的日常生活。以ARM为代表的高性能微处理器将嵌入式系统推进了32位的时代。基于ARM的各类产品层出不穷,然而目前ARM的嵌入式开发平台主要还是集中在Windows平台上。
本课题来源于为某型航空发动机研制一套振动测量仪的具体项目。课题以ARM处理器为核心构建了一个嵌入式振动测量系统,旨在开拓一种基于Linux平台的ARM嵌入式开发模式。本文首先介绍了项目的背景以及客户的需求分析,并完成了基于ARM处理器、ICP型振动传感器的振动测量仪硬件体系的设计。然后介绍了Linux平台ARM编译系统的建立,并详细的介绍了基于JTAG技术的运行于Linux平台的ARM Flash烧写器(Bflash)的设计过程。
本文着重介绍了在Linux GCC环境下ARM嵌入式软件的开发过程,包括低层启动框架系统的构建,LCD图形函数库的建立、以及基于数字信号处理的振动测量、振动标定系统的设计。为了能够方便的实现对振动测量仪的监控,本文设计了基于Windows平台的多线程监控程序。然后对振动测量仪的验证及测量误差的产生进行了分析。最后对课题的研究工作进行了总结和展望。
Nowadays, with the fast development of network and digital information technology, embedded system has a broad application in the field of science research, engineering design, military technology, industry and commerce, as well as people's everyday life. Represented with ARM, advanced-performance micro processor is pushing forwards the embedded system to the era 32-bits processor. Although a variety of ARM products are seen here and there, they are mainly exploited on Windows platform currently.
In this paper, an ARM-based embedded system for the vibration measurement of aero engine is researched with the background of a practical vibration measurement project. The target of the project is not only for industrial application, but also for the research of a new ARM exploitation platform-Linux. In this paper, the background and requirement of customer is introduced, and the hardware design of the system based on ARM processor and ICP vibration sensor is accomplished. The built of ARM compile system with Linux platform is investigated, and the approach of ARM Flash burner program named Bflash based on JTAG technology is elaborated in detail.
The process of ARM-based embedded software developed in Linux GCC environment is represented, including the construction of physical boot framework, the built of LCD function library and the method of measurement with digital signal process technology. Besides, to facilitate the supervision of the working status of this vibration measurement system, the supervising program with multithreading technology based on Windows platform is designed.
In the end, the summary and prospect for the vibration measurement system is given in this paper.
本课题来源于为某型航空发动机研制一套振动测量仪的具体项目。课题以ARM处理器为核心构建了一个嵌入式振动测量系统,旨在开拓一种基于Linux平台的ARM嵌入式开发模式。本文首先介绍了项目的背景以及客户的需求分析,并完成了基于ARM处理器、ICP型振动传感器的振动测量仪硬件体系的设计。然后介绍了Linux平台ARM编译系统的建立,并详细的介绍了基于JTAG技术的运行于Linux平台的ARM Flash烧写器(Bflash)的设计过程。
本文着重介绍了在Linux GCC环境下ARM嵌入式软件的开发过程,包括低层启动框架系统的构建,LCD图形函数库的建立、以及基于数字信号处理的振动测量、振动标定系统的设计。为了能够方便的实现对振动测量仪的监控,本文设计了基于Windows平台的多线程监控程序。然后对振动测量仪的验证及测量误差的产生进行了分析。最后对课题的研究工作进行了总结和展望。
Nowadays, with the fast development of network and digital information technology, embedded system has a broad application in the field of science research, engineering design, military technology, industry and commerce, as well as people's everyday life. Represented with ARM, advanced-performance micro processor is pushing forwards the embedded system to the era 32-bits processor. Although a variety of ARM products are seen here and there, they are mainly exploited on Windows platform currently.
In this paper, an ARM-based embedded system for the vibration measurement of aero engine is researched with the background of a practical vibration measurement project. The target of the project is not only for industrial application, but also for the research of a new ARM exploitation platform-Linux. In this paper, the background and requirement of customer is introduced, and the hardware design of the system based on ARM processor and ICP vibration sensor is accomplished. The built of ARM compile system with Linux platform is investigated, and the approach of ARM Flash burner program named Bflash based on JTAG technology is elaborated in detail.
The process of ARM-based embedded software developed in Linux GCC environment is represented, including the construction of physical boot framework, the built of LCD function library and the method of measurement with digital signal process technology. Besides, to facilitate the supervision of the working status of this vibration measurement system, the supervising program with multithreading technology based on Windows platform is designed.
In the end, the summary and prospect for the vibration measurement system is given in this paper.
引文
[1] 田泽,嵌入式系统开发与应用,北京,北京航空航天大学,2005:1~65
[2] 慕春棣,嵌入式系统的构建,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1~3
[3] 孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南,北京,电子工业出版社,2005:1~10
[4] 刘习军,贾启芬,张文德,工程振动和测试技术,天津,天津大学出版社,1999:1~42
[5] 杨学山,工程振动测量仪器和测试技术,北京,中国计量出版社,2001:3~39
[6] 方同,薛璞,振动理论及应用,西安,西北工业大学出版社,1998:1~6
[7] Jesus M. Corres,Javier Bravo,Franciso J. Arregui,etal. Vibration monitoring in electrical engines using an in-line fiber etalon,Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,132(2):506~515
[8] Y.S. Fan,G.T. Zheng,Research of high-resolution vibration signal detection technique and application to mechanical fault diagnosis,Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,21(2):678~687
[9] Arnaud Deraemaeker,André Preumont,Vibration based damage detection using large array sensors and spatial filters,Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2006,20(7):1615~1630
[10] Ausanio,A.C. Barone,C. Hison,V. Iannotti,etal. Mechanical vibration sensor based on elastomagnetic composite,Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2006,129(1):25~28
[11] S.W. Kwon,J.Y. Kim,H.S. Yoo,etal. Development of wireless vibration sensor using MEMS for tunnel construction and maintenance,Tunnellong and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):318
[12] Studavt J D,Vinson J W,Turbome,An Expert System to Aidin the Diagnosis of Causes of Vibration Producting Problem,Large Turbomachinery Procedings of International Conf. in Eng,Boston USA,1985:23~29
[13] 周卫玉,孙新亚,基于 ARM 和 uCLInux 德嵌入式远程数据采集终端,计算机工程,2004,(23):156～158
[14] 谭思云,范恒,基于 ARM 的等效采样示波表的设计,仪器仪表用户,2006,(2):24～26
[15] 王育虔,杨纪明,懂顺义,基于单片机的发动机振动速度、位移和加速度测量方法,微机算计信息,2005,21(7):62～63
[16] 韩锋,马永昌,王友钊,基于 ARM 处理器的便携式振动测量分析仪的设计,仪表技术与传感器,2004,(9):14～15
[17] 李长青,王友钊,马永昌,基于嵌入式系统的双通道便携式振动测量分析仪的设计,工业控制计算机,2004,17(11):32～33
[18] 周进节,栾忠权,徐小力等,基于 ARM 的振动监测仪数采部分硬件设计,北京机械工业学院学报,2006,21(3):12～16
[19] S3C44B0X RISC Microprocessor data sheet,Samsung Electronics,2002:1～120
[20] 16Mbit(×16)Multi-Purpose Flash SST39LF160/SST39VF160 data sheet,Silicon Storage Technology Inc.,2003:1～30
[21] HY57V641620HG 4Bank×1M×16Bit Synchronous DRAM data sheet,hynix,Rev.0.7,2002:1～20
[22] 4-20mA Transmitter AD694 data sheet,Anolog Device,Rev.A:1～13
[23] Daniel P. Bovet,深入理解 Linux 内核,陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译,北京,中国电力出版社,2001:45～56
[24] Robert Love,Linux 内核设计与实现,陈莉君,康华,张波译,北京,机械工业出版社,2004:23～31
[25] 毛德操,胡希明,Linux 内核源代码情景分析,浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001:1～10
[26] 赵炯,Linux 内核完全注释,北京,机械工业出版社,2005:56～57
[27] Michael Beck,Harald B?hme,Mirko Dziadzka,etal. Linux 内核编程指南,张瑜,杨继萍译,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:32～33
[28] 李岩,荣盘祥,基于 S3C44B0X 嵌入式 μCLinux 系统原理及应用,北京,清华大学出版社,2005:61～103
[29] 周金和,张景璐,一种嵌入式系统实现的 JTAG 调试器,电子技术应用,2006,(11):69～71
[30] 马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:78～123
[31] 毛德操,胡希明,嵌入式系统和 StrongArm/Xscale 处理器,浙江,浙江大学出版社,2003:23～35
[32] Arnold Robbins,Linux Programming by Example:The Fundamentals,America,PearsonEducation Asia Ltd.,2004:12～17
[33] Alessandro Rubini,Jonathan Corbet,Linux 设备驱动程序,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译,北京,中国电力出版社,2002:78～89
[34] John Lombardo,嵌入式 Linux,吴雨浓译,北京,中国电力出版社,2003:38～45
[35] S3C4510B RISC Microprocessor data sheet,Samsung Electronics,2001:1～156
[36] 单承刚,戴学丰,刘树东等,基于 ARM 的嵌入式 BootLoader 设计与启动过程,微机算计信息,2006,22(11-2):139～142
[37] 李驹光,ARM 应用系统开发详解,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1～234
[38] Donald Hearn,M. Pauline Baker,计算机图形学,蔡士杰译,北京,电子工业出版社,2004:34～78
[39] 王飞,计算机图形学基础,北京,北京邮电大学出版社,2000:23～81
[40] 王莉,李宗保,吴志明,计算机图形学及其在工程中的应用,北京,人民交通出版社,1992:61～73
[41] 尹航,李秀华,基于 ARM 控制器的 LCD 驱动原理及设计,科技信息,2006,(9):15～16
[42] 严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构(C 语言版),北京,清华大学出版社,1997:63～65
[43] Claudia Salzberg Rodriguez,Gordon Fischer,Steven Smolski,Linux 内核编程,陈莉君,贺炎,刘霞林译,北京,机械工业出版社,2006:44～56
[44] Richard G. Lyons,数字信号处理,朱光明,程建远,刘保童译,北京,机械工业出版社,2006:76～79
[45] 丁玉美,阔永红,高新波,数字信号处理,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:43～49
[46] 丁玉美,高西全,数字信号处理,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,1994:77～81
[47] 维纳.K.恩格儿,约翰.G.普罗克斯,数字信号处理,刘树棠译,西安,西安交通大学出版社,2002:21～23
[48] Joyce Van de Vegte,数字信号处理基础,候正信,王国安译,北京,电子工业出版社,2003:44～54
[49] 马安鹏,Visual C++ 6 程序设计导学,北京,清华大学出版社,2002:34～37
[50] 侯俊杰,深入浅出 MFC,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2001:79～81
[51] Jim Beveridge,Robert Wiener,Win32 多线程程序设计,侯捷译,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2002:46～51
[2] 慕春棣,嵌入式系统的构建,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1~3
[3] 孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南,北京,电子工业出版社,2005:1~10
[4] 刘习军,贾启芬,张文德,工程振动和测试技术,天津,天津大学出版社,1999:1~42
[5] 杨学山,工程振动测量仪器和测试技术,北京,中国计量出版社,2001:3~39
[6] 方同,薛璞,振动理论及应用,西安,西北工业大学出版社,1998:1~6
[7] Jesus M. Corres,Javier Bravo,Franciso J. Arregui,etal. Vibration monitoring in electrical engines using an in-line fiber etalon,Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,132(2):506~515
[8] Y.S. Fan,G.T. Zheng,Research of high-resolution vibration signal detection technique and application to mechanical fault diagnosis,Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,21(2):678~687
[9] Arnaud Deraemaeker,André Preumont,Vibration based damage detection using large array sensors and spatial filters,Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2006,20(7):1615~1630
[10] Ausanio,A.C. Barone,C. Hison,V. Iannotti,etal. Mechanical vibration sensor based on elastomagnetic composite,Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2006,129(1):25~28
[11] S.W. Kwon,J.Y. Kim,H.S. Yoo,etal. Development of wireless vibration sensor using MEMS for tunnel construction and maintenance,Tunnellong and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(3):318
[12] Studavt J D,Vinson J W,Turbome,An Expert System to Aidin the Diagnosis of Causes of Vibration Producting Problem,Large Turbomachinery Procedings of International Conf. in Eng,Boston USA,1985:23~29
[13] 周卫玉,孙新亚,基于 ARM 和 uCLInux 德嵌入式远程数据采集终端,计算机工程,2004,(23):156～158
[14] 谭思云,范恒,基于 ARM 的等效采样示波表的设计,仪器仪表用户,2006,(2):24～26
[15] 王育虔,杨纪明,懂顺义,基于单片机的发动机振动速度、位移和加速度测量方法,微机算计信息,2005,21(7):62～63
[16] 韩锋,马永昌,王友钊,基于 ARM 处理器的便携式振动测量分析仪的设计,仪表技术与传感器,2004,(9):14～15
[17] 李长青,王友钊,马永昌,基于嵌入式系统的双通道便携式振动测量分析仪的设计,工业控制计算机,2004,17(11):32～33
[18] 周进节,栾忠权,徐小力等,基于 ARM 的振动监测仪数采部分硬件设计,北京机械工业学院学报,2006,21(3):12～16
[19] S3C44B0X RISC Microprocessor data sheet,Samsung Electronics,2002:1～120
[20] 16Mbit(×16)Multi-Purpose Flash SST39LF160/SST39VF160 data sheet,Silicon Storage Technology Inc.,2003:1～30
[21] HY57V641620HG 4Bank×1M×16Bit Synchronous DRAM data sheet,hynix,Rev.0.7,2002:1～20
[22] 4-20mA Transmitter AD694 data sheet,Anolog Device,Rev.A:1～13
[23] Daniel P. Bovet,深入理解 Linux 内核,陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译,北京,中国电力出版社,2001:45～56
[24] Robert Love,Linux 内核设计与实现,陈莉君,康华,张波译,北京,机械工业出版社,2004:23～31
[25] 毛德操,胡希明,Linux 内核源代码情景分析,浙江,浙江大学出版社,2001:1～10
[26] 赵炯,Linux 内核完全注释,北京,机械工业出版社,2005:56～57
[27] Michael Beck,Harald B?hme,Mirko Dziadzka,etal. Linux 内核编程指南,张瑜,杨继萍译,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:32～33
[28] 李岩,荣盘祥,基于 S3C44B0X 嵌入式 μCLinux 系统原理及应用,北京,清华大学出版社,2005:61～103
[29] 周金和,张景璐,一种嵌入式系统实现的 JTAG 调试器,电子技术应用,2006,(11):69～71
[30] 马忠梅,马广云,徐英慧,ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:78～123
[31] 毛德操,胡希明,嵌入式系统和 StrongArm/Xscale 处理器,浙江,浙江大学出版社,2003:23～35
[32] Arnold Robbins,Linux Programming by Example:The Fundamentals,America,PearsonEducation Asia Ltd.,2004:12～17
[33] Alessandro Rubini,Jonathan Corbet,Linux 设备驱动程序,魏永明,骆刚,姜君译,北京,中国电力出版社,2002:78～89
[34] John Lombardo,嵌入式 Linux,吴雨浓译,北京,中国电力出版社,2003:38～45
[35] S3C4510B RISC Microprocessor data sheet,Samsung Electronics,2001:1～156
[36] 单承刚,戴学丰,刘树东等,基于 ARM 的嵌入式 BootLoader 设计与启动过程,微机算计信息,2006,22(11-2):139～142
[37] 李驹光,ARM 应用系统开发详解,北京,清华大学出版社,2004:1～234
[38] Donald Hearn,M. Pauline Baker,计算机图形学,蔡士杰译,北京,电子工业出版社,2004:34～78
[39] 王飞,计算机图形学基础,北京,北京邮电大学出版社,2000:23～81
[40] 王莉,李宗保,吴志明,计算机图形学及其在工程中的应用,北京,人民交通出版社,1992:61～73
[41] 尹航,李秀华,基于 ARM 控制器的 LCD 驱动原理及设计,科技信息,2006,(9):15～16
[42] 严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构(C 语言版),北京,清华大学出版社,1997:63～65
[43] Claudia Salzberg Rodriguez,Gordon Fischer,Steven Smolski,Linux 内核编程,陈莉君,贺炎,刘霞林译,北京,机械工业出版社,2006:44～56
[44] Richard G. Lyons,数字信号处理,朱光明,程建远,刘保童译,北京,机械工业出版社,2006:76～79
[45] 丁玉美,阔永红,高新波,数字信号处理,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:43～49
[46] 丁玉美,高西全,数字信号处理,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,1994:77～81
[47] 维纳.K.恩格儿,约翰.G.普罗克斯,数字信号处理,刘树棠译,西安,西安交通大学出版社,2002:21～23
[48] Joyce Van de Vegte,数字信号处理基础,候正信,王国安译,北京,电子工业出版社,2003:44～54
[49] 马安鹏,Visual C++ 6 程序设计导学,北京,清华大学出版社,2002:34～37
[50] 侯俊杰,深入浅出 MFC,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2001:79～81
[51] Jim Beveridge,Robert Wiener,Win32 多线程程序设计,侯捷译,武汉,华中科技大学出版社,2002:46～51