液化煤层气装置除氧氮精馏塔稳态动态模拟及智能控制
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摘要
天然气是一种优质洁净燃料,在能源、环保等方面具有其它能源无法比拟的优势,因此其发展前景非常广阔。开发利用天然气的关键技术是天然气的存储和运输,而液化天然气在这两个方面具有得天独厚的优势,因此天然气液化技术成了当前的一个研究热点。
天然气的主要来源之一是煤层气,利用天然气的小型液化技术将煤层气液化并贮运是一种极有前景的煤层气开发形式,在煤矿安全方面也具有特殊意义。本文以小型液化煤层气项目为课题背景,以冷箱中除氧氮精馏塔为主要研究对象,主要完成了以下几个方面的工作:
1.物性计算是流程模拟的基础,文中详细讨论了所涉及的主要物性、相平衡常数和多组分焓值的计算方法及过程,已备后续计算调用。
2研究了冷箱中除氧、氮精馏塔的稳态工作模式和动态工作模式,并建立相应的数学模型,对传热传质的若干问题进行了推导并给出了数学描述。模型中的稳态部分利用C语言实现了塞尔-塞德迭代算法,求取了各平衡级温度和气液相组成。模型的动态部分,研究了精馏塔在底部液位稳衡条件下在时间域内完成分离任务的情况,利用MATLAB编程,并调用系统提供的积分计算函数进行计算,详细讨论了塔板持液量、塔釜持液量对分离用时的影响。
3.精馏塔塔底液位的大小对精馏塔的正常工作有很大的影响,但是,对其进行精确的数学建模比较困难,导致基于模型的常规控制方法,难以取得较好的效果。模糊控制方法是一种新兴的智能控制方法,对于无法进行精确数学建模的控制对象,具有先天性的优势。因此,本文设计了一个模糊控制器,对精馏塔塔底液位进行控制。然后,利用MATLAB的模糊控制工具箱进行了仿真,仿真结果证明这种控制方案能够取得很好的效果。
Natural gas is a kind of clean and high-quality fuel with incomparable predominance over other kinds of energy sources when it comes to environmental protection, combustion efficiency and so forth. Therefore, natural has bright prospects. The pivotal techniques for exploiture of natural gas are how to store and transport it conveniently and safely. LNG (liquefied natural gas) has much advantage with respect to storage and transportation. So the technology of liquefying natural gas becomes a research focus at present.
CBG (coal bed gas) is one of main sources of natural gas. One way with a good future and important sense in coal safety to exploit CBG is liquefying, storing and transporting it by means of liquefaction technology of natural gas. With the project of LCBG (liquefied coal bed gas) as the background and the oxygen and nitrogen wash rectifying column in cold box as the research plant, this paper does the following work:
1. Calculation of physical properties is the foundation of process simulation, the key part in the process simulation. This paper gives a detailed discussion of how to calculate the involved primary physical properties, phase equilibrium constant and multi-component enthalpy ready for following calculation.
2. This paper does research on the steady-state work mode of the oxygen and nitrogen wash rectifying column in cold box and its dynamic work mode and then establishes the corresponding mathematical models to describe several questions related to heat transfer and mass transfer. The steady-state part of the models realizes Thiele-Geddes iterative algorithm by using C program language, calculates the temperature and the composition each equilibrium stage。The dynamic part of the models was solved by using MATLAB program language and provided integral solution function, gives an detailed account of how the bottom product of rectifying column reaches the requirements of component separation on the condition that the bottom liquid-level keeps stable and of how the holdup in ordinary tray and bottom tray space exerts influence on the time needed for separation.
3. The bottom liquid-level of the rectifying column is of much impact on the normal of work of the rectifying column. However, it is difficult to work out an exact mathematically model for the bottom liquid-level, which justifies the unsatisfactory results of regular control methods based on modeling. The fuzzy control method is a new intelligent control method. It is of much inborn superiority to control those plants which cannot be exactly mathematically modeled. As a result, this paper designs a fuzzy controller to control the bottom liquid-level of the rectifying column. The results of simulation based on the fuzzy control toolbox of MATLAB show that this control scheme can make good accomplishment.
天然气的主要来源之一是煤层气,利用天然气的小型液化技术将煤层气液化并贮运是一种极有前景的煤层气开发形式,在煤矿安全方面也具有特殊意义。本文以小型液化煤层气项目为课题背景,以冷箱中除氧氮精馏塔为主要研究对象,主要完成了以下几个方面的工作:
1.物性计算是流程模拟的基础,文中详细讨论了所涉及的主要物性、相平衡常数和多组分焓值的计算方法及过程,已备后续计算调用。
2研究了冷箱中除氧、氮精馏塔的稳态工作模式和动态工作模式,并建立相应的数学模型,对传热传质的若干问题进行了推导并给出了数学描述。模型中的稳态部分利用C语言实现了塞尔-塞德迭代算法,求取了各平衡级温度和气液相组成。模型的动态部分,研究了精馏塔在底部液位稳衡条件下在时间域内完成分离任务的情况,利用MATLAB编程,并调用系统提供的积分计算函数进行计算,详细讨论了塔板持液量、塔釜持液量对分离用时的影响。
3.精馏塔塔底液位的大小对精馏塔的正常工作有很大的影响,但是,对其进行精确的数学建模比较困难,导致基于模型的常规控制方法,难以取得较好的效果。模糊控制方法是一种新兴的智能控制方法,对于无法进行精确数学建模的控制对象,具有先天性的优势。因此,本文设计了一个模糊控制器,对精馏塔塔底液位进行控制。然后,利用MATLAB的模糊控制工具箱进行了仿真,仿真结果证明这种控制方案能够取得很好的效果。
Natural gas is a kind of clean and high-quality fuel with incomparable predominance over other kinds of energy sources when it comes to environmental protection, combustion efficiency and so forth. Therefore, natural has bright prospects. The pivotal techniques for exploiture of natural gas are how to store and transport it conveniently and safely. LNG (liquefied natural gas) has much advantage with respect to storage and transportation. So the technology of liquefying natural gas becomes a research focus at present.
CBG (coal bed gas) is one of main sources of natural gas. One way with a good future and important sense in coal safety to exploit CBG is liquefying, storing and transporting it by means of liquefaction technology of natural gas. With the project of LCBG (liquefied coal bed gas) as the background and the oxygen and nitrogen wash rectifying column in cold box as the research plant, this paper does the following work:
1. Calculation of physical properties is the foundation of process simulation, the key part in the process simulation. This paper gives a detailed discussion of how to calculate the involved primary physical properties, phase equilibrium constant and multi-component enthalpy ready for following calculation.
2. This paper does research on the steady-state work mode of the oxygen and nitrogen wash rectifying column in cold box and its dynamic work mode and then establishes the corresponding mathematical models to describe several questions related to heat transfer and mass transfer. The steady-state part of the models realizes Thiele-Geddes iterative algorithm by using C program language, calculates the temperature and the composition each equilibrium stage。The dynamic part of the models was solved by using MATLAB program language and provided integral solution function, gives an detailed account of how the bottom product of rectifying column reaches the requirements of component separation on the condition that the bottom liquid-level keeps stable and of how the holdup in ordinary tray and bottom tray space exerts influence on the time needed for separation.
3. The bottom liquid-level of the rectifying column is of much impact on the normal of work of the rectifying column. However, it is difficult to work out an exact mathematically model for the bottom liquid-level, which justifies the unsatisfactory results of regular control methods based on modeling. The fuzzy control method is a new intelligent control method. It is of much inborn superiority to control those plants which cannot be exactly mathematically modeled. As a result, this paper designs a fuzzy controller to control the bottom liquid-level of the rectifying column. The results of simulation based on the fuzzy control toolbox of MATLAB show that this control scheme can make good accomplishment.
引文
1龙泽智.我国液化天然气工业的现状及其发展动向.天然气工业. 1994,14(3):63~65
2徐文,顾安忠.世界天然气液化技术发展的新动向.石油与天然气化工. 1994,23(1):31~35
3阎光灿,王小霞.天然气液化技术.天然气与石油. 2005,23(2):10~18
4付道明,孙军,贺志刚,喻西崇.天然气预处理和液化工艺技术的研究进展.石油与天然气化工. 2004,3(4):240~244
5 D. F. Gongaware , M. A. Barclay, J. A. Barclay etc. Conversion of a Waste Gas to Liquid Natural Gas. J. Waynert etc .Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference-CEC, Anchorage, Alaska, 2003. American Institute of Physics. 2004:83~90
6杨克剑.中小型天然气液化装置及其应用.低温与超导. 1996,24(2):54~58
7 Itaru Tamura, Toshihide Tanaka, Toshimasa Kagaja etc. Life Cycle CO2 Analysis of LNG and City Gas. Applied Energy. 2001,68:301~319
8成立.世界LNG市场现状及发展趋势.上海电力. 2006,专题研讨(1):75~78
9 N. G.. Kirillov. Analysis of Modern Natural Gas Liquefaction Technologies. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2004,40(7-8):401~409
10 T. H. Malyn, M. R. Creed. Reversible LNG. K.D.Timmerhaus. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, the University of Colorado, Boulder ,Colorado, 1977. New York, A Dividion of Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1978:515～523
11乔国发,李玉星,张孔明,李多金.我国液化天然气工业的现状及发展前景.油气储运. 2005,24(3): 1～4
12余华强.世界天然气发展趋势与我国天然气工业的若干问题.天然气化工. 1994,19(6):37～40
13房德中,朱建业.化工过程分析与建模.北京:化学工业出社,1991,4:45~55
14胡上序.化工过程的建模.仿真与优化.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997,6:24~33
15罗雄麟.化工过程动态学.工业装备与信息工程出版中心,2005,8:72~76
16张四方.化工基础.中国石化出版社.2004,5:35~45
17郭天民等,多元气液平内平衡和精馏,化学工业出版社, 2002,11:3~256
18陈忠秀,顾飞燕.化工热力学,北京:化学出版社, 1999,4:273~274
19刘芙蓉,金鑫丽,王黎等.分离过程及系统模拟,科学出版社, 2001,7:12~44
20顾安忠等.液化天然气技术,机械工业出版社, 2004,1:18~21
21裴春生,厉彦忠,石泳等.工质热物理性质的计算方法及程序设计.低温与超导. 2000,3:63~67
22王溢方,周洪林,田旭东等.制冷工质热力性质的通用计算方法.流体机械, 1999,7:59~61
23朱松勤,王弘.制冷系统仿真中的工质热力性质计算程序.制冷与空调, 2004,3:4~7
24 C .J .King, SeparationProcesses,2nded., Mc Craw Bill, Book company, New- York ,1980
25 E .J .Henley and J .D . Seader ,Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operation in Chemical Engineering ,John Wiley and Sons,1981
26 C .D .Holland ,Fundamentals of Multi-component Distillation, McGraw-Hill, Book company, NewYork,1981
27 Brice Carnahan, H.A. Luther and J.O. Wilkes, Applied Numericae Methods, John Wiley & Sons .Inc New York.1964
28 B .I .Lee, M .G . Kesler ,AI CHE.J21 510,1975
29 Byuny IK Lee etc .A Generalized Thermodynamic Correlation Based on Three-Parameter States. AIChE Jourmal ,1975,21(3): 510~527
30王启林.化工精制工序中精馏塔建模与仿真的研究.大连理工硕士论文.2005:10~50
31陈洪钫.基本有机化工分离工程.化学工业出版社, 1995,9:132~140
32 [美]J.M.普劳斯尼茨.陈川美等译.用计算机计算多元气-液和液-液平衡.化学工业出版社, 1987,8:120~125
33日本化学工业协会,麻德闲译,化学工程程序设计例题习题集,化学工业出版社, 1984,6:135~139
34许其佑等.有机化工分离工程.华东化工学院出版社, 1990,6: 69~85
35管国锋,赵汝溥,化工原理,北京:化学工业出版社, 2003,8:267~280
36童景山.流体的热物理性质,北京:中国石化出版社, 1996,:155~169
37姚平经.化工过程系统工程.大连:大连理工大学出版社, 1992,9
38 Alkis Constantinides & Navid Mostoufi .Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers with MATLAB Applications .Prentice Hall.1999
39何光俞,高永力.Visual Fortran常用数值算法集.北京:科学出版社, 2002
40 Francis J. Doyle III , Edward P. Gatzke & Robert S .Parker , Process Control Modules :A software Laboratory for control Design. Prentice Hall.2000
41 B. Wayne Bequene ,Process Dynamics: Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation, Prentice Hall. PTR, A Simon & Schuster Company .New Jersey, 2003
42 Arno Lowe, chemische Reaktiongstechnic mit MATLAB and SIMULINK (Chemical Reaction Techniques with MATLAB and SIMULINK).Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbIL. 2001
43 Godinez C .Experimental study of the tail and selective hydrogenation of steam cracking C2 cut front-end and tail-end variants.Chem.Eng.Comm.,1998.4:225-247
44 Jaime Bentiez Principles and Modem Applications of Mass Transfer Operation .John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2002
45 Beate Seliger, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, Frank Hannemann and Kai Sundmacher Modelling and dynamics of an air separation rectification column as part of an IGCC power plant Separation and Purification Technology, Volume
49, Issue 2, 15 April 2006, Pages 136-148
46 P. E. Cuille and G. V. Reklaitis Dynamic simulation of multi-component batch rectification with chemical reactions Computers & Chemical Engineering, Volume 10, Issue 4,1986,Pages 389-398
47 R. M. Thorogood The dynamic response of an air rectification column to interruptions of the feed flow. Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 22, Issue 11, November 1967, Pages 1457-1473
48 Radulescu, Gabriel. An original approach for the dynamic simulation of a crude oil distillation plant .REVISTA DE CHIMIE 2007, FEB 58 (2): 239-242
49吉明,姚绪梁.鲁棒控制系统.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2002,10
50王建明,邵如平,金丕彦.一种混合智能控制器的应用及仿真研究南京建筑工程学院学报. 2000,(3):54-57
51常晓光,李伟,弗里德希华尔等.不确定性操作臂的混合模糊P + ID控制的实验研究.控制理论与应用, 2000,(2):73~78
52王昌银,王应建,林建亚等.喷漆机器人关节精确——模糊集成智能控制研究.计算机时代, 1990,(2):123~130
53程向新,马强等.基于Fuzzy-PID组合智能控制理论的船用锅炉水位仿真研究.青岛远洋船员学院学报, 2006(4):23~30
54李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业出版社, 1998,1:124~150
55韩峻峰,李玉惠等.模糊控制技术.重庆:重庆大学出版社. 2003,7:120~130
2徐文,顾安忠.世界天然气液化技术发展的新动向.石油与天然气化工. 1994,23(1):31~35
3阎光灿,王小霞.天然气液化技术.天然气与石油. 2005,23(2):10~18
4付道明,孙军,贺志刚,喻西崇.天然气预处理和液化工艺技术的研究进展.石油与天然气化工. 2004,3(4):240~244
5 D. F. Gongaware , M. A. Barclay, J. A. Barclay etc. Conversion of a Waste Gas to Liquid Natural Gas. J. Waynert etc .Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference-CEC, Anchorage, Alaska, 2003. American Institute of Physics. 2004:83~90
6杨克剑.中小型天然气液化装置及其应用.低温与超导. 1996,24(2):54~58
7 Itaru Tamura, Toshihide Tanaka, Toshimasa Kagaja etc. Life Cycle CO2 Analysis of LNG and City Gas. Applied Energy. 2001,68:301~319
8成立.世界LNG市场现状及发展趋势.上海电力. 2006,专题研讨(1):75~78
9 N. G.. Kirillov. Analysis of Modern Natural Gas Liquefaction Technologies. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2004,40(7-8):401~409
10 T. H. Malyn, M. R. Creed. Reversible LNG. K.D.Timmerhaus. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, the University of Colorado, Boulder ,Colorado, 1977. New York, A Dividion of Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1978:515～523
11乔国发,李玉星,张孔明,李多金.我国液化天然气工业的现状及发展前景.油气储运. 2005,24(3): 1～4
12余华强.世界天然气发展趋势与我国天然气工业的若干问题.天然气化工. 1994,19(6):37～40
13房德中,朱建业.化工过程分析与建模.北京:化学工业出社,1991,4:45~55
14胡上序.化工过程的建模.仿真与优化.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997,6:24~33
15罗雄麟.化工过程动态学.工业装备与信息工程出版中心,2005,8:72~76
16张四方.化工基础.中国石化出版社.2004,5:35~45
17郭天民等,多元气液平内平衡和精馏,化学工业出版社, 2002,11:3~256
18陈忠秀,顾飞燕.化工热力学,北京:化学出版社, 1999,4:273~274
19刘芙蓉,金鑫丽,王黎等.分离过程及系统模拟,科学出版社, 2001,7:12~44
20顾安忠等.液化天然气技术,机械工业出版社, 2004,1:18~21
21裴春生,厉彦忠,石泳等.工质热物理性质的计算方法及程序设计.低温与超导. 2000,3:63~67
22王溢方,周洪林,田旭东等.制冷工质热力性质的通用计算方法.流体机械, 1999,7:59~61
23朱松勤,王弘.制冷系统仿真中的工质热力性质计算程序.制冷与空调, 2004,3:4~7
24 C .J .King, SeparationProcesses,2nded., Mc Craw Bill, Book company, New- York ,1980
25 E .J .Henley and J .D . Seader ,Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operation in Chemical Engineering ,John Wiley and Sons,1981
26 C .D .Holland ,Fundamentals of Multi-component Distillation, McGraw-Hill, Book company, NewYork,1981
27 Brice Carnahan, H.A. Luther and J.O. Wilkes, Applied Numericae Methods, John Wiley & Sons .Inc New York.1964
28 B .I .Lee, M .G . Kesler ,AI CHE.J21 510,1975
29 Byuny IK Lee etc .A Generalized Thermodynamic Correlation Based on Three-Parameter States. AIChE Jourmal ,1975,21(3): 510~527
30王启林.化工精制工序中精馏塔建模与仿真的研究.大连理工硕士论文.2005:10~50
31陈洪钫.基本有机化工分离工程.化学工业出版社, 1995,9:132~140
32 [美]J.M.普劳斯尼茨.陈川美等译.用计算机计算多元气-液和液-液平衡.化学工业出版社, 1987,8:120~125
33日本化学工业协会,麻德闲译,化学工程程序设计例题习题集,化学工业出版社, 1984,6:135~139
34许其佑等.有机化工分离工程.华东化工学院出版社, 1990,6: 69~85
35管国锋,赵汝溥,化工原理,北京:化学工业出版社, 2003,8:267~280
36童景山.流体的热物理性质,北京:中国石化出版社, 1996,:155~169
37姚平经.化工过程系统工程.大连:大连理工大学出版社, 1992,9
38 Alkis Constantinides & Navid Mostoufi .Numerical Methods for Chemical Engineers with MATLAB Applications .Prentice Hall.1999
39何光俞,高永力.Visual Fortran常用数值算法集.北京:科学出版社, 2002
40 Francis J. Doyle III , Edward P. Gatzke & Robert S .Parker , Process Control Modules :A software Laboratory for control Design. Prentice Hall.2000
41 B. Wayne Bequene ,Process Dynamics: Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation, Prentice Hall. PTR, A Simon & Schuster Company .New Jersey, 2003
42 Arno Lowe, chemische Reaktiongstechnic mit MATLAB and SIMULINK (Chemical Reaction Techniques with MATLAB and SIMULINK).Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbIL. 2001
43 Godinez C .Experimental study of the tail and selective hydrogenation of steam cracking C2 cut front-end and tail-end variants.Chem.Eng.Comm.,1998.4:225-247
44 Jaime Bentiez Principles and Modem Applications of Mass Transfer Operation .John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2002
45 Beate Seliger, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach, Frank Hannemann and Kai Sundmacher Modelling and dynamics of an air separation rectification column as part of an IGCC power plant Separation and Purification Technology, Volume
49, Issue 2, 15 April 2006, Pages 136-148
46 P. E. Cuille and G. V. Reklaitis Dynamic simulation of multi-component batch rectification with chemical reactions Computers & Chemical Engineering, Volume 10, Issue 4,1986,Pages 389-398
47 R. M. Thorogood The dynamic response of an air rectification column to interruptions of the feed flow. Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 22, Issue 11, November 1967, Pages 1457-1473
48 Radulescu, Gabriel. An original approach for the dynamic simulation of a crude oil distillation plant .REVISTA DE CHIMIE 2007, FEB 58 (2): 239-242
49吉明,姚绪梁.鲁棒控制系统.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2002,10
50王建明,邵如平,金丕彦.一种混合智能控制器的应用及仿真研究南京建筑工程学院学报. 2000,(3):54-57
51常晓光,李伟,弗里德希华尔等.不确定性操作臂的混合模糊P + ID控制的实验研究.控制理论与应用, 2000,(2):73~78
52王昌银,王应建,林建亚等.喷漆机器人关节精确——模糊集成智能控制研究.计算机时代, 1990,(2):123~130
53程向新,马强等.基于Fuzzy-PID组合智能控制理论的船用锅炉水位仿真研究.青岛远洋船员学院学报, 2006(4):23~30
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