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图像测量调焦系统的研究
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摘要
在测量中,瞄准是一项很重要的因素,瞄准定位不准确,测量的精
    度就得不到保证。通常采用的都是目视瞄准,不仅操做不便,效率低下,
    而且增加了测试人员的主观误差,与现代测量的要求相差甚远,急需技
    术改造和升级,同时新型的现代测量技术急需调焦瞄准精度高、功能强
    大、易于实现光机电一体化的新型调焦瞄准方法。
     图像测量技术采用微机图像处理技术,用摄像头代替人眼进行调焦
    瞄准,可以大大降低测试人员的劳动强度,减少瞄准和读数时的主观误
    差,而且提高了测量效率。用摄像头调焦瞄准对于在线非接触测量也是
    一个较好的工具,能够帮助解决许多直接测量不能解决的难题。这就对
    摄像头调焦质量提出了高要求,研究摄像头调焦判据及应用此判据判断
    摄像头是否正确调焦,实现对被测表面的跟踪测量就成了图像测量的重
    要课题。
     本课题就是围绕摄像头调焦判据的研究开展起来的。本文在介绍与
    分析了国内外调焦技术发展现状的基础上,总结己有的调焦方法,提出
    了基于图像灰度值基础上的摄像头调焦判据,此判据分为两部分,一部
    分进行粗调焦,寻找焦面的大致位置,一部分为细调焦,细调焦在粗调
    焦的基础上,准确的确定焦面的位置。由粗调焦和细调焦组成的调焦判
    据,克服了原有调焦方法的不足,提高了调焦的效率,兼顾了表面跟踪
    的响应。在对调焦判据验证的过程中,设计应用了一套包括光学,机械
    电子,计算机及控制在内的摄像头调焦系统,其中包括了微动机构控制
    软件、接口卡控制软件和图像处理软件。在对大量实验数据分析的基础
    上,证明了这个调焦判据函数具有较好的精度,可以推广应用到实际测
    量中。同时对判据也提出了一定的修正方案,提出了新判据的思想,供
    后来研究者参考。
The aiming is a very important factor during measurement. If the
    aiming and positioning is not accurate, the instability of measurement is not
    insured. In general, the applied aiming method of measurement is
    eye-aiming, it not only is inconvenient and inefficient for operation, but also
    increases the subjective error of test workers, which is not adapt to modern
    measurement and needs to innovate the technology. Modern measurement
    technology demands new method of focusing and aiming that has little
    instability. mighty function. easy achieve the integration of Optics.
    Mechanism and Electron.
    Image measurement technology applise with computer image process
    technology and uses camera replacing of eyes, which may decrease labor
    intensity of test workers and the subjective error of aiming and reading,
    furthermore can enhance the measurement efficiency The method of tuning
    focus for image measurement technology can be applied to tracking the
    surface of object with TV-camera, to measuring shape of surface, and is a
    good tool for giving solutions that the direct measurement can not solve.
    Tuning focus of camera must have high quality for these. It is very important
    subject of image measurement how to verify the tuning focus of camera is
    right, research the method of tuning focus of camera, and apply the method
    to track the surface of object.
    The purpose of this paper is to research the method of tuning focus of
    camera. This paper, base on the development of the tuning focus technology
    of domestic and abroad, summarizes existing methods of tuning focus, and
    presents the method of tuning focus of camera on the base of image gray
    value. The method have two parts, one is sketchy tuning focus and find out
    the sketchy location of focus; the other is precise tuning focus and, base one
    sketchy tuning focus, find out precise location of focus. Sketchy tuning
    
    focus and precise tuning focus make up the method of tuning focus of
    camera, overcome the defect of old methods of tuning focus, and enhance
    the efficiency of tuning focus. During the test of the method of tuning focus,
    the system of talng focus of camera that has OPtics' Mechanism.
    Electron. Computer and Control has been researched,Which includes the
    control soft of precise movemefit. the colltrOl soft of illterface card and
    .
    image process soft. ExPeriment finds out that the method of tUning focus of
    camera has better instability and may be used in measurement. MeanWile,
    this paPer also presents imProve methods and new though of tUning focus,
    which provides a reference for the follow researchers.
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